{"id":96487,"date":"2018-04-25T20:55:12","date_gmt":"2018-04-25T19:55:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=96487"},"modified":"2018-04-25T20:55:12","modified_gmt":"2018-04-25T19:55:12","slug":"stara-sumava-filipojakubska-noc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=96487","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Filipojakubsk\u00e1 noc"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0160umava je \u010darokr\u00e1sn\u00e1, hluboce zelen\u00e1 zem\u011b pln\u00e1 hor, hvozd\u016f a hu\u010d\u00edc\u00edch vod, bl\u00ed\u017e Bohu ve sv\u00e9 osam\u011blosti. Skr\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b jin\u00e9 nekone\u010dn\u00e9 bohatstv\u00ed, a t\u00edm jsou jej\u00ed prastar\u00e9 oby\u010deje a zbo\u017en\u00e9 legendy, jej\u00ed \u0161ibalsk\u00e9 a \u0161elmovn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy, jej\u00ed l\u00edbezn\u00e9 poh\u00e1dky a temn\u00e9 b\u00e1je.<\/h6>\n

Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 pov\u011bst je ta, kter\u00e1 op\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 \u0161eravou a zlatou nit\u00ed d\u011bj\u016f nejasn\u00e9ho, o to v\u0161ak hlub\u0161\u00edho smyslu hvozdy i vody, bezedn\u00e9 ba\u017einy, hory i hrady, Bo\u017e\u00ed svatyn\u011b i selsk\u00e1 staven\u00ed, za\u0161l\u00e9 \u010dasy i \u010dlov\u011bka sam\u00e9ho a spolu s n\u00edm pak zabydluje sv\u00fdmi podivn\u00fdmi bytostmi tajemn\u011b na\u0161i rodnou zemi, aby ji u\u010dinila bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed na\u0161emu srdci.<\/p>\n

Tu \u010d\u00edh\u00e1 nad rybn\u00edkem hastrman v zelen\u00e9m fr\u00e1\u010dku, tu \u0159\u00e1d\u00ed dobyt\u010d\u00ed d\u011bs \u010di skotoplach, mo\u0159\u00ed dobytek a v\u011bst\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1r, tu se \u0161plhaj\u00ed mou\u010dn\u00ed duchov\u00e9 po ml\u00fdnsk\u00e9m kole, pentli\u010dk\u00e1\u0159 l\u00e1k\u00e1 pestr\u00fdmi stu\u017ekami d\u011bti do hlubok\u00e9 vody, meluzina pl\u00e1\u010de ve vichru, s\u00e1m \u010dert kulh\u00e1 o jednom kopyt\u011b lesy; v\u0161elijak\u00e1 stra\u0161ideln\u00e1 a potm\u011b\u0161il\u00e1 stvo\u0159en\u00ed tu maj\u00ed svou podobu: no\u010dn\u00ed \u0161krti\u010di, \u0161kr\u00e1balov\u00e9 a dr\u00e1palov\u00e9, \u017e\u00ednka pazde\u0159inka, divok\u00e9 oko, lucie, mechov\u00e1 koza, hejkal, kan\u010d\u00ed ryp\u00e1k – kdopak by je v\u0161echny znal, celou tu chasu stra\u0161id\u00fdlek a netvor\u016f, dobromysln\u00fdch i zlovoln\u00fdch, \u010dtver\u00e1ck\u00fdch i hroziv\u00fdch, co tu s n\u00e1mi odjak\u017eiva pob\u00fdvali jako t\u0159eba havran \u010di medv\u011bd kdysi d\u00e1vno a sem tam snad pob\u00fdvaj\u00ed dosud.<\/p>\n

Ty pov\u011bsti jsou krev nejhlub\u0161\u00ed krve na\u0161eho domova, jsou n\u011b\u010d\u00edm, co n\u00e1m druz\u00ed mohou jen z\u00e1vid\u011bt. \u010ct\u011bte si v nich co nej\u010dast\u011bji a vypr\u00e1v\u011bjte je po sv\u00e9m zas jin\u00fdm! Snad jsou opravdu jen vyb\u00e1jeny a \u017eivot nen\u00ed takov\u00fd, jak ho ukazuj\u00ed – nejsou to v\u0161ak nijak\u00e9 l\u017ei; zast\u0159ena v nich bytuje pravda hlub\u0161\u00ed a jejich prapodivn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy n\u00e1s vedou d\u00e1l a d\u00e1l za z\u00e1hadami samotn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrody a jej\u00edch d\u00e1vn\u00fdch bo\u017estev, nazp\u011bt a\u017e k \u010das\u016fm, kdy byla na\u0161e \u0160umava stvo\u0159ena. Nenechme zahynout to prastar\u00e9 bohatstv\u00ed!<\/p>\n

O tom, \u017ee je noc z 30. dubna na 1. kv\u011btna kouzeln\u00e1, sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed ohn\u011b planouc\u00ed na n\u00e1vr\u0161\u00edch kolem na\u0161ich m\u011bst a vesnic. P\u00e1l\u00ed se toti\u017e \u010darod\u011bjnice. Od st\u0159edov\u011bku se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee existuj\u00ed dny, kdy maj\u00ed zl\u00e9 s\u00edly v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed moc ne\u017e jindy. A jedn\u00edm z nich byl pr\u00e1v\u011b posledn\u00ed dubnov\u00fd den a hlavn\u011b noc. Tehdy mohly nejv\u00edce \u0161kodit \u010darod\u011bjnice, kter\u00e9 v mysl\u00edch lid\u00ed p\u0159edstavovaly \u010f\u00e1belsk\u00e9 zlo ses\u00edlan\u00e9 na zem. Lid\u00e9 si je p\u0159edstavovali bu\u010f jako nadp\u0159irozen\u00e9 bytosti, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u011bt\u0161inou neviditeln\u00e9 a je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 je odhalit, anebo jako star\u00e9 \u017eeny.<\/p>\n

V minulosti se 1. kv\u011btna slavil sv\u00e1tek sv. Filipa a Jakuba. Odtud n\u00e1zev filipojakubsk\u00e1 noc, i kdy\u017e dnes u\u017e je ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed kalend\u00e1\u0159 trochu jin\u00fd. V katolick\u00e9m kalend\u00e1\u0159i do\u0161lo k posunu obou apo\u0161tol\u016f na 3. kv\u011btna. Oba sv\u011btci byli u\u010dedn\u00edky Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e. Filipa ukamenovali na k\u0159\u00ed\u017ei a Jakub byl shozen z hradeb Jeruzal\u00e9ma, proto\u017ee odm\u00edtl prohl\u00e1sit Krista za podvodn\u00edka. N\u011bkdy se tato noc ozna\u010duje tak\u00e9 jako Valpur\u017eina, a to podle Goethova Fausta, kde se popisuje tajupln\u00fd slet \u010darod\u011bjnic s pekelnickou slavnost\u00ed. N\u00e1zev je odvozen od jm\u00e9na abaty\u0161e Walburgy, kter\u00e1 proslula jako ochr\u00e1nkyn\u011b p\u0159ed kouzly a \u010darod\u011bjnictv\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Lid\u00e9 se p\u0159ed \u00fatoky \u010darod\u011bjnic br\u00e1nili, jak um\u011bli. Proto o filipojakubsk\u00e9 noci a je\u0161t\u011b i n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed den prov\u00e1d\u011bli r\u016fzn\u011b magick\u00e9 praktiky na ochranu domu, hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed i lid\u00ed. Pat\u0159il k nim velk\u00fd \u00faklid, p\u00e1len\u00ed smet\u00ed, hluk zp\u016fsoben\u00fd pr\u00e1sk\u00e1n\u00edm bi\u010dem, tlu\u010den\u00edm \u017eelezem nebo d\u0159evem. Ochranu domu a chl\u00e9v\u016f zaji\u0161\u0165ovaly drny, p\u00edsek nebo plevy, zelen\u00e9 ratolesti a sv\u011bcen\u00e9 ko\u010di\u010dky, tak\u00e9 kresby kruh\u016f nebo k\u0159\u00ed\u017ek\u016f na vratech. Magick\u00fd kruh slou\u017eil jako ochrana p\u0159ed zl\u00fdmi silami od prav\u011bku, je\u0161t\u011b d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e si ho lid\u00e9 zvykli spojovat s p\u0159edstavou \u010darod\u011bjnic. Proto se obch\u00e1zela v kruhu pole i vesnice a n\u011bkdy se zv\u00fdraz\u0148oval vyoranou br\u00e1zdou.<\/p>\n

Dochovaly se zpr\u00e1vy o star\u00e9m zvyku, kdy na filipojakubskou noc obch\u00e1zely pole a obec nah\u00e9 \u017eeny a t\u00e1hly za sebou pluh. Praktikami bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi \u010darov\u00e1n\u00ed chr\u00e1nily lidi i \u00farodu p\u0159ed zl\u00fdmi silami. Rady, kter\u00e9 se n\u00e1m zachovaly, p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed spoustu mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak \u010darod\u011bjnici odhalit a zahnat. V ka\u017ed\u00e9m kraji to d\u011blali jinak. Vychytral\u00fd zp\u016fsob byl zalo\u017een na tom, \u017ee se ke vchodu polo\u017eil drn nebo vysypala hromada p\u00edsku. P\u0159epo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm st\u00e9bel tr\u00e1vy nebo zrnek p\u00edsku se \u010darod\u011bjnice zdr\u017eela a\u017e do r\u00e1na, kdy jej\u00ed moc pominula. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tak nemohla proj\u00ed p\u0159es pichlav\u00e9 trn\u00ed \u010di nastra\u017een\u00e9 vidle a ko\u0161\u0165ata. B\u00e1la se sv\u011bcen\u00e9 vody i sv\u011bcen\u00fdch v\u011btvi\u010dek, nepro\u0161la p\u0159es znamen\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee ani do ochrann\u00e9ho kruhu namalovan\u00e9ho na zemi.<\/p>\n

Venkov\u0161t\u00ed lid\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee \u010darod\u011bjnice mohou o\u010darovat dobytek, kter\u00fd se stal nedu\u017eiv\u00fd a m\u00e1lo dojil. B\u00e1li se p\u016fj\u010dovat \u010derstv\u011b nadojen\u00e9 ml\u00e9ko a hl\u00eddali, aby se neztratil ani kousek hnoje z chl\u00e9va. Na obranu m\u011bli i za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, v nich\u017e si brali na pomoc Krista, Marii a r\u016fzn\u00e9 svat\u00e9. Nikdo nevysv\u011btl\u00ed pro\u010d, ale lid\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee se \u010darod\u011bjnice ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed hluku. Proto se na ochranu i st\u0159\u00edlelo. V\u011bt\u0161inou jen do vzduchu, ale zachovala se zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 vzpom\u00ednka ze \u0160umavy, kde hospod\u00e1\u0159 vyst\u0159elil do ml\u00e9ka od u\u0159knut\u00e9 kr\u00e1vy, \u010darod\u011bjnice se pr\u00fd polekala a kr\u00e1vu nechala na pokoji. Nelze p\u0159esn\u011b \u0159\u00edci, jak star\u00fd je oby\u010dej p\u00e1len\u00ed \u010darod\u011bjnic. Ochrann\u00e9 ohn\u011b, p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed obecn\u011b proti zl\u00fdm nadp\u0159irozen\u00fdm mocnostem poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch dob.<\/p>\n

Lidov\u00e1 v\u00edra v nekalou moc t\u011bchto bytost\u00ed se z\u00e1sluhou c\u00edrkve \u010dasem soust\u0159edila hlavn\u011b na \u010darod\u011bjnice, kter\u00e9 na zemi zastupuj\u00ed peklo \u010f\u00e1bla. A tak se i v\u0161echny magick\u00e9 praktiky obr\u00e1tily postupn\u011b proti nim. Samotn\u00e9 p\u00e1len\u00ed oh\u0148\u016f v\u0161ak p\u0159i\u0161lo pozd\u011bji. T\u011b\u017eko si toti\u017e m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159edstavit, \u017ee v dob\u00e1ch, kdy prob\u00edhaly \u010darod\u011bjnick\u00e9 procesy a na hranic\u00edch ho\u0159eli skute\u010dn\u00ed lid\u00e9, by se n\u011bkdo mohl bavit \u201eupalov\u00e1n\u00edm \u010darod\u011bjnic\u201c. Tato z\u00e1bava vznikla pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b a\u017e n\u011bkdy koncem 18. stolet\u00ed, kdy byl zru\u0161en dohled jezuitsk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du nad \u010distotou v\u00edry lidu.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: Vondru\u0161kov\u00e1 Alena, Skopov\u00e1 Kamila: \u010cesk\u00e9 zvyky a tradice, B\u00f6hmerwald-Sagen, 1921 Hans Watzlik, p\u0159eklad Jan Mare\u0161<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0160umava je <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":128923,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/25\/r\u00e1mr\u010dek-filipojakubsk\u00e1-noc.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96487"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=96487"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96487\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":128922,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96487\/revisions\/128922"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/128923"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=96487"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=96487"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=96487"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}