{"id":95839,"date":"2018-08-27T07:06:13","date_gmt":"2018-08-27T06:06:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=95839"},"modified":"2018-08-27T07:06:13","modified_gmt":"2018-08-27T06:06:13","slug":"stara-sumava-svate-obrazky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=95839","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Svat\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky"},"content":{"rendered":"<h6>Devo\u010dn\u00ed grafika, neboli lidov\u011b \u201esvat\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky\u201c pat\u0159\u00ed dnes k n\u00e1rodn\u00edmu pokladu um\u011bleck\u00e9 tvorby na\u0161eho n\u00e1roda. Drobn\u00e1 um\u011bleck\u00e1 d\u00edlka p<span class=\"text_exposed_show\">at\u0159\u00ed neodmysliteln\u011b k historii na\u0161ich zem\u00ed, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm k tradici pout\u00ed. Mezi cennostmi po prarodi\u010d\u00edch nach\u00e1z\u00edme \u010dasto nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed svat\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky.<\/span><\/h6>\n<p><span class=\"text_exposed_show\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-95840 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/23\/stara-sumava.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"872\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/23\/stara-sumava.jpg 480w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/23\/stara-sumava-165x300.jpg 165w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/23\/stara-sumava-197x357.jpg 197w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/23\/stara-sumava-266x483.jpg 266w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/>Lid\u00e9 je z\u00edsk\u00e1vali jako upom\u00ednku na poutn\u00ed m\u00edsta i jako d\u00e1rek z trhu, d\u011bti je dost\u00e1valy ve \u0161kole za dobr\u00fd prosp\u011bch, d\u00e1valy se novorozenc\u016fm do kol\u00e9bky, p\u0159i bi\u0159mov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159i svat\u00e9m p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed, za svatou zpov\u011b\u010f, p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti sv\u00e1tk\u016f, p\u0159i kn\u011b\u017esk\u00e9 primici, p\u0159i sv\u011bcen\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u016f, kostel\u016f, dom\u016f, p\u0159i svato\u0159e\u010den\u00ed, p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed svat\u00fdch ostatk\u016f. Prov\u00e1zely c\u00edrkevn\u00ed sn\u011bmy i \u00famrt\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch c\u00edrkevn\u00edch \u010dinitel\u016f, z\u00edsk\u00e1valy se na pout\u00edch, d\u00e1valy se nebo\u017et\u00edk\u016fm do rakve, nev\u011bsty je vlepovaly na vnit\u0159n\u00ed stranu v\u00edk malovan\u00fdch truhel \u010di na vnit\u0159n\u00ed dve\u0159e sk\u0159\u00edn\u00ed nebo na ze\u010f nad vstupn\u00ed dve\u0159e. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"text_exposed_show\">Svat\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky se zastrk\u00e1valy za r\u00e1m velk\u00fdch obraz\u016f nebo se vkl\u00e1daly do kancion\u00e1l\u016f. P\u0159i obch\u016fzk\u00e1ch, jako bylo v\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed jara, m\u011bly d\u00edvky zav\u011b\u0161eny svat\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky na kytici z vrbov\u00e9ho prout\u00ed. Svat\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky chr\u00e1nily p\u0159ed uhranut\u00edm, pom\u00e1haly nemocn\u00fdm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"text_exposed_show\">Svat\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky jsou prost\u0159edkem i projevem lidov\u00e9 zbo\u017enosti \u0161irok\u00fdch vrstev lid\u00ed. Obr\u00e1zek neplnil jen funkci pam\u00e1tky, sv\u011btec na n\u011bm zobrazen\u00fd se \u010dasto st\u00e1val patronem dom\u00e1cnosti a osob v n\u00ed \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch. P\u016fvab t\u011bchto drobn\u00fdch ru\u010dn\u011b malovan\u00fdch nebo ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch obr\u00e1zk\u016f spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 v jejich zdoben\u00ed. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"text_exposed_show\">Oba druhy svat\u00fdch obr\u00e1zk\u016f byly \u010dasto ru\u010dn\u011b a pozd\u011bji strojov\u011b dozdobeny r\u016fzn\u00fdmi technikami \u2013 pro\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm nebo vypichov\u00e1n\u00edm (tzv. krajkov\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky), vyst\u0159ihov\u00e1n\u00edm, ra\u017ebou okraj\u016f, v\u00fd\u0161ivkou, dolepov\u00e1n\u00edm vyst\u0159i\u017een\u00fdch pap\u00edrov\u00fdch nebo l\u00e1tkov\u00fdch ozdob nebo dokonce p\u016fvodn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edrodnin (su\u0161en\u00fdch rostlin, mot\u00fdl\u00edch k\u0159\u00eddel, pe\u0159\u00ed a podobn\u011b) a dal\u0161\u00edch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"text_exposed_show\">Svat\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky jsou drobn\u00e9 devo\u010dn\u00ed grafiky, jejich\u017e ko\u0159eny sahaj\u00ed a\u017e do starov\u011bku. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku byly vkl\u00e1d\u00e1ny z \u201eochrann\u00fdch\u201c d\u016fvod\u016f i do brn\u011bn\u00ed ryt\u00ed\u0159\u016f. Svat\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky dne\u0161n\u00edho typu se objevuj\u00ed v 16. stolet\u00ed v souvislosti s n\u00e1stupem protireformace, m\u011bly \u0161\u00ed\u0159it katolictv\u00ed mezi nej\u0161ir\u0161\u00ed lidov\u00e9 vrstvy. K jejich nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed do\u0161lo v 19. stolet\u00ed. Tehdy se v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm a vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdm centrem jejich vzniku stala po Augsburgu Praha, kde se svat\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky tiskly v zaveden\u00fdch firm\u00e1ch (Koppe, Hoffmann, Maulini, Morak, Rudl) nejen pro celou habsburskou monarchii. Byly nab\u00edzeny v m\u00edstech slavn\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch pout\u00ed, v kostel\u00edch apod. Slou\u017eily ale i jako d\u00e1rek ke k\u0159tu, prvn\u00edmu svat\u00e9mu p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed, rovn\u011b\u017e k Nov\u00e9mu roku a Velikonoc\u016fm. Vytv\u00e1\u0159eny byly nej\u010dast\u011bji technikou m\u011bdirytu, leptu, od 19. stolet\u00ed litografi\u00ed a ocelorytinou, a byly \u010dasto kolorovan\u00e9. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"text_exposed_show\">Tisklo se na pap\u00edr, n\u011bkdy na pergamen a nebo hedv\u00e1b\u00ed. Jsou i r\u016fzn\u011b zdobeny, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 jsou ru\u010dn\u011b vypichovan\u00e9 nebo strojov\u011b ra\u017een\u00e9 krajky pap\u00edrov\u00e9 nebo z pergamenu, dopl\u0148ov\u00e1ny jsou formou kol\u00e1\u017ee mozaiky nalepen\u00fdmi zlat\u00fdmi pl\u00ed\u0161ky, textilem, zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdmi a vyst\u0159i\u017een\u00fdmi (n\u011bkdy kolorovan\u00fdmi) \u010d\u00e1stmi obr\u00e1zku. Ve 20. stolet\u00ed vznikaj\u00ed svat\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky za pomoci zinkografie, hlubotiskov\u00e9 fotografie, autotypie, uplat\u0148uj\u00ed se i dal\u0161\u00ed modern\u00ed reproduk\u010dn\u00ed techniky. Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1m\u011btem svat\u00fdch obr\u00e1zk\u016f jsou Panna Maria a Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161, \u010dast\u00ed jsou i dal\u0161\u00ed sv\u011btci. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"text_exposed_show\">Na svat\u00fdch obr\u00e1zc\u00edch se objevuj\u00ed dobov\u00e1 vyobrazen\u00ed poutn\u00edch m\u00edst a z\u00e1zrak\u016f, kter\u00e9 se na nich odehr\u00e1ly (u n\u00e1s nap\u0159\u00edklad K\u00e1jov, Star\u00e1 Boleslav, Svat\u00e1 Hora u P\u0159\u00edbrami). Doprov\u00e1zej\u00ed je i modlitby &#8211; p\u0159\u00edmluvy ke sv\u011btci. Na v\u0161eobecn\u00e9m z\u00e1niku v\u00fdroby svat\u00fdch obr\u00e1zk\u016f se pod\u00edlela nov\u011b zaveden\u00e1 po\u0161ta. Poutn\u00edci dom\u016f pos\u00edlali rad\u011bji pohlednice. Ty se tiskly ve stejn\u00fdch tisk\u00e1rn\u00e1ch a m\u011bly stejn\u00e9 motivy, tak\u017ee tradi\u010dn\u00ed svat\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky ustoupily do pozad\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"text_exposed_show\"><br \/>\n<strong>Zdroj: Eva Charv\u00e1tov\u00e1 &#8211; Svat\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Devo\u010dn\u00ed grafika, <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":138689,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/27\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-svat\u00e9-obr\u00e1zky.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95839"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=95839"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95839\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":138688,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95839\/revisions\/138688"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/138689"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=95839"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=95839"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=95839"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}