{"id":95720,"date":"2018-05-12T08:31:40","date_gmt":"2018-05-12T07:31:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=95720"},"modified":"2018-05-12T08:31:40","modified_gmt":"2018-05-12T07:31:40","slug":"stara-sumava-poute-a-poutnici","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=95720","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Pout\u011b a poutn\u00edci"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

..\u201ePou\u0165 jest n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva p\u0159espoln\u00edho posv\u00e1tn\u00e9ho m\u00edsta za p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou modlitby, pobo\u017enosti a vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed mysli.\u201c Tak tedy jdi poutn\u00ed\u010de \u2026 Vydej se na cestu, sbal si jen to nejnutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a poj\u010f. Hledej sebe v tichu, ve sv\u011btle i ve tm\u011b, v teple i zim\u011b, v de\u0161ti \u010di suchu, s\u00e1m \u010di s pr\u016fvodcem. Poj\u010f prozkoumat jako poutn\u00edk sv\u00e9 hranice, sv\u011btla, st\u00edny, limity. Sy\u0165 se v\u0161\u00edm, co potk\u00e1\u0161, co vdechne\u0161, co uz\u0159\u00ed\u0161, co nac\u00edt\u00ed\u0161, co za\u017eije\u0161. Vydej se pozn\u00e1vat s\u00e1m sebe v panensk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b, na siln\u00fdch duchovn\u011b-energetick\u00fdch m\u00edstech, na symbolick\u00fdch cest\u00e1ch na\u0161eho byt\u00ed. V\u0161ude tam jsi doma, v\u0161ude tam jsi ji\u017e n\u011bkdy byl. Poj\u010f se rozpomenout. Skrz osobn\u00ed pou\u0165 osvobozuj vlastn\u00ed cestu…<\/span><\/h6>\n

\u0158ekne-li se slovo pou\u0165, mnoz\u00ed z n\u00e1s si p\u0159edstav\u00ed atrakce pro d\u011bti, koloto\u010de nebo v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 obchody s nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zbo\u017e\u00edm. Hlavn\u00ed rozm\u011br pouti je v\u0161ak p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm duchovn\u00ed. P\u0159i putov\u00e1n\u00ed, kdy se \u010dlov\u011bk vyman\u00ed ze v\u0161edn\u00edho \u017eivota, se \u010dlov\u011bk sn\u00e1ze pod\u00edv\u00e1 na sv\u016fj \u017eivot s odstupem. A m\u016f\u017ee se v\u011bnovat p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed o vlastn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b. <\/span>Pout\u011b jsou \u010dasto p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed k hlub\u0161\u00edmu setk\u00e1n\u00ed s Bohem, zm\u011bn\u011b \u017eivota, sm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed. Poutn\u00edci \u010derpaj\u00ed na posv\u00e1tn\u00fdch m\u00edstech s\u00edlu k \u017eivotu podle v\u00edry nebo n\u011bjak\u00e9mu sv\u011btci sv\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed svou konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed starost \u010di \u00famysl. <\/span><\/p>\n

V \u010cech\u00e1ch bylo Josefem II. vyd\u00e1no mnoho dekret\u016f, kter\u00e9 omezovaly zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b lidovou zbo\u017enost. Jednalo se nap\u0159\u00edklad o ov\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed olt\u00e1\u0159\u016f votivn\u00edmi dary, ale i kon\u00e1n\u00ed pobo\u017en\u00fdch cest. V novin\u00e1ch vych\u00e1zely kampan\u011b proti pout\u00edm a mnoho kostel\u016f a kl\u00e1\u0161ter\u016f bylo v t\u00e9to dob\u011b zru\u0161eno. V baroku, kdy bylo poutnictv\u00ed nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ukl\u00e1dala c\u00edrkevn\u00ed pravidla poutn\u00edkovi, aby si nejprve obstaral doporu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed dopis od far\u00e1\u0159e m\u00edstn\u00ed farnosti nebo od biskupa. Tento dopis m\u011bl poutn\u00edku na cest\u011b otev\u00edrat dve\u0159e do c\u00edrkv\u00ed z\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch ubytoven, kl\u00e1\u0161ter\u016f a jin\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kde mu po p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00ed takov\u00e9ho dopisu bylo zdarma poslou\u017eeno j\u00eddlem, pit\u00edm i noclehem. D\u00e1le se doporu\u010dovalo urovnat si v\u0161echny osobn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti. <\/span><\/p>\n

Za\u0159\u00eddit chod dom\u00e1cnosti na dobu nep\u0159\u00edtomnosti poutn\u00edka, vylou\u010deno nebylo ani povolen\u00ed man\u017eela \u010di man\u017eelky k putov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pokud si poutn\u00edk obstaral doporu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed dopis od kn\u011bze a za\u0159\u00eddil v\u0161echny z\u00e1le\u017eitosti doma, mohl se v klidu odebrat ke zpov\u011bdi ze sv\u00fdch h\u0159\u00edch\u016f a n\u00e1sledn\u011b na svatou m\u0161i za poutn\u00edky, kde jim bylo kn\u011bzem ud\u011bleno po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed, i ke svat\u00e9mu p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/span><\/p>\n

Poutn\u00ed m\u00edsta l\u00e1kala sv\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby. A\u0165 u\u017e na legendou op\u0159eden\u00fd milostn\u00fd obraz nebo sochu sv\u011btce, v\u00fdznamn\u00fd po\u010det vykazovan\u00fdch z\u00e1zrak\u016f a akceptaci dan\u00e9ho m\u00edsta \u0158\u00edmem nebo na skute\u010dn\u00fd vlastn\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bt sv\u011btce. Na popularit\u011b m\u00edstu p\u0159id\u00e1valy tak\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy panovn\u00edka, z nich\u017e profitovalo nejen poutn\u00ed m\u00edsto, ale i s\u00e1m panovn\u00edk, kter\u00e9mu n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva poutn\u00edho m\u00edsta mohla pomoci. Po t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edprav\u00e1ch si mohl poutn\u00edk sbalit p\u00e1r nejnutn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed a vyrazit na cestu. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160at poutn\u00edka sest\u00e1val v\u011bt\u0161inou z dlouh\u00e9ho pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b, kter\u00fd chr\u00e1nil proti nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9mu po\u010das\u00ed a v noci jej mohl poutn\u00edk vyu\u017e\u00edt i jako p\u0159ikr\u00fdvku. D\u00e1le bylo zvykem, \u017ee m\u011bl poutn\u00edk na hlav\u011b klobouk se \u0161irok\u00fdm okrajem, aby dob\u0159e st\u00ednil proti slunci a z\u00e1rove\u0148 chr\u00e1nil obli\u010dej a z\u00e1da p\u0159ed de\u0161t\u011bm. H\u016fl, kterou poutn\u00edk v\u011bt\u0161inou dr\u017eel mezi dv\u011bma v\u00fdstupky na d\u0159ev\u011b, sk\u00fdtala oporu v ch\u016fzi t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edm ter\u00e9nem, nebo p\u0159i brodu p\u0159es \u0159eku. <\/span><\/p>\n

Na osam\u011bl\u00e9ho poutn\u00edka na cest\u011b \u010d\u00edhala mnoh\u00e1 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed. Hol\u00ed se tak\u00e9 mohl br\u00e1nit p\u0159i napaden\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159etem nebo lupi\u010dem, kter\u00fdch bylo na poutnick\u00fdch stezk\u00e1ch v\u017edy dost. V druh\u00e9 ruce \u010dasto sv\u00edral poutn\u00edk r\u016f\u017eenec, kter\u00fd ho prov\u00e1zel p\u0159i od\u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed modliteb b\u011bhem cesty. B\u011b\u017en\u00fd cestovatel, kter\u00fd se vydal na pou\u0165 musel po\u010d\u00edtat i s n\u011bjak\u00fdmi finan\u010dn\u00edmi v\u00fddaji. Oby\u010dejn\u011b platil za j\u00eddlo, pit\u00ed a ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed. Jestli\u017ee cestoval se slu\u017eebnictvem, musel platit i za n\u011b a za stravu a ust\u00e1jen\u00ed j\u00edzdn\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at. <\/span>Dal\u0161\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1klady s sebou neslo poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed almu\u017een chud\u00fdm lidem, mnohdy tak\u00e9 poutn\u00edk\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u0161ak nebyli majetn\u00ed a na nezbytn\u00e9 v\u00fddaje proto byli nuceni \u017eebrat. Spropitn\u00e9 v hostinc\u00edch bylo u z\u00e1mo\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edho poutn\u00edka tak\u00e9 b\u011b\u017enou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed. <\/span><\/p>\n

Poutn\u00edci museli na cest\u011b \u010delit r\u016fzn\u00fdm nebezpe\u010d\u00edm. A\u0165 u\u017e se potkali s bandou zlod\u011bj\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed je \u010dasto okradli o v\u0161echen majetek, jen\u017e s sebou nesli, nebo je su\u017eoval chlad, \u00faporn\u00e9 vedro, hlad, \u017e\u00edze\u0148, dot\u011brn\u00fd hmyz nebo nemoci, museli vytrvat ve sv\u00e9m \u00fasil\u00ed doj\u00edt k c\u00edli za ka\u017edou cenu, t\u0159eba jako \u017eebr\u00e1ci. Kdy\u017e poutn\u00edk do\u0161el k vyt\u010den\u00e9mu c\u00edli, na jeho\u017e m\u00edst\u011b st\u00e1l obvykle c\u00edrkevn\u00ed chr\u00e1m, m\u011bl se, podle p\u0159edpis\u016f c\u00edrkve, posilnit p\u0159ijet\u00edm nejsv\u011bt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sv\u00e1tosti. To v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee p\u0159ed t\u00edm ne\u017e se na pou\u0165 vydal, vykonal svatou zpov\u011b\u010f. Pokud tak p\u0159ed pout\u00ed neu\u010dinil, bylo na m\u00edst\u011b p\u0159ipravovat se na zpov\u011b\u010f b\u011bhem cesty k poutn\u00edmu m\u00edstu a na n\u011bm pak vykonat svatou zpov\u011b\u010f ze sv\u00fdch h\u0159\u00edch\u016f. Po zpov\u011bdi n\u00e1sledovalo svat\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed kn\u011bze poutn\u00edk\u016fm a cesta zp\u011bt dom\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n


\nZdroj: Ohler, Norbert. N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 pout\u011b ve st\u0159edov\u011bku a novov\u011bku.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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