{"id":94369,"date":"2018-02-08T22:07:44","date_gmt":"2018-02-08T21:07:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=94369"},"modified":"2018-02-08T22:21:41","modified_gmt":"2018-02-08T21:21:41","slug":"stara-sumava-masopust-si-oblibily-vsechny-vrstvy-obyvatel-od-nejchudsich-az-po-panovniky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=94369","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Lid\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee pokud budou tancovat o masopustu p\u0159es p\u016flnoc, objev\u00ed se mezi nimi \u010f\u00e1bel"},"content":{"rendered":"
Masopust nen\u00ed c\u00edrkevn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek, ale byl za\u0159azen do c\u00edrkevn\u00edho kalen\u00add\u00e1\u0159e, tak\u017ee jeho term\u00edn se ur\u010duje podle Velikonoc. Odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 se p\u0159ed Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edou, kter\u00e1 zahajuje p\u0159edvelikono\u010dn\u00ed postn\u00ed obdob\u00ed. A proto\u017ee Velikonoce jsou pohybliv\u00fdm sv\u00e1tkem, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt masopustn\u00ed ned\u011ble r\u016fzn\u00e1.<\/span><\/h6>\n


\n\"\"Masopustn\u00ed pr\u016fvody odkazovaly k potla\u010den\u00fdm ritu\u00e1l\u016fm pohansk\u00fdm, ka\u017ed\u00e1 maska m\u011bla svou d\u016fle\u017eitou roli, sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto v d\u011bji. A tak se v katedr\u00e1l\u00e1ch \u010di kostelech setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi sk\u0159ety, p\u0159\u00ed\u0161erami, s plastikami \u0161a\u0161k\u016f, drak\u016f \u010di kejkl\u00ed\u0159\u016f. V\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edho maj\u00ed upozornit na to, \u017ee se st\u00e1le nach\u00e1z\u00ed v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, ne v nebi. Pouze n\u00e1dhern\u00e1 stavba je odkazem k Bohu a k bo\u017esk\u00e9 dokonalosti. <\/span><\/p>\n

Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 c\u00edrkev tuto masopustn\u00ed v\u00fdzvu akceptovala, stejn\u011b tak i v\u00e1\u017een\u00ed stavitel\u00e9. Jak je vid\u011bt, masopustn\u00ed humor a sarkasmus se dostal a\u017e do gotick\u00fdch chr\u00e1m\u016f a kostel\u016f. B\u016fh chce lidi zbo\u017en\u00e9, ale i vesel\u00e9, optimistick\u00e9, na n\u011bjak\u00e9 mrzouty pr\u00fd nen\u00ed zv\u011bdav\u00fd\u2026\u0158\u00edkalo se, \u017ee masopust, tedy obdob\u00ed od T\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f do za\u010d\u00e1tku postn\u00ed doby, je jak\u00fdmsi \u201eodrazov\u00fdm m\u016fstkem\u201c, proto\u017ee pak p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed p\u016fst a Velikonoce. <\/span><\/p>\n

Co je v\u0161ak v\u00edce ne\u017e sympatick\u00e9, na\u0161i p\u0159edci se v t\u00e9to dob\u011b dok\u00e1zali skute\u010dn\u011b u\u017e\u00edvat \u017eivota. Ma\u0161kary a tanec m\u011bly pro na\u0161e p\u0159edky kdysi mnohem hlub\u0161\u00ed smysl hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd. Tanec ma\u0161kar s medv\u011bdem a kon\u00ed\u010dkem, nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi maskami, kter\u00fdm byla p\u0159ikl\u00e1d\u00e1na plodonosn\u00e1 moc, m\u011bl p\u0159in\u00e9st krom\u011b plodnosti bohatou \u00farodu na pol\u00edch a prosperitu dobytka. Masopustn\u00ed koledov\u00e1n\u00ed v d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b m\u011blo tak\u00e9 jin\u00fd v\u00fdznam, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pro chud\u0161\u00ed lid, kdy u\u017e se skromn\u00e9 z\u00e1soby v dom\u00e1cnosti zna\u010dn\u011b zten\u010dily. <\/span><\/p>\n

Masopust je ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s ostatn\u00edmi zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek. Mo\u017en\u00e1 proto, \u017ee se jej nikdy nepoda\u0159ilo p\u0159izp\u016fsobit liturgick\u00fdm p\u0159edpi\u00ads\u016fm. Obl\u00edbily si ho v\u0161echny vrstvy obyvatel, od nejchud\u0161\u00edch a\u017e po panovn\u00edky. Na \u0161lech\u00adtick\u00fdch s\u00eddlech se po\u0159\u00e1daly karnevalov\u00e9 z\u00e1bavy v mask\u00e1ch a pronikly i na panov\u00adnick\u00e9 dvory. \u010ce\u0161t\u00ed kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 zvali na bohat\u00e9 hostiny \u0161lechtu a pozd\u011bji i z\u00e1stupce m\u011bst\u00adsk\u00e9ho stavu, nejprve na Pra\u017esk\u00fd hrad a po t\u0159icetilet\u00e9 v\u00e1lce na c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fd dv\u016fr do V\u00eddn\u011b. Zde se p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci \u0161lechtick\u00fdch rod\u016f bavili v ma\u0161karn\u00edch p\u0159evlec\u00edch. Z\u0159ejm\u011b tomu tak bylo i u n\u00e1s na z\u00e1mku. Kroniky ale ml\u010d\u00ed a pam\u011btn\u00edk\u016f nen\u00ed. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ve m\u011bstech i na venkov\u011b se od st\u0159edov\u011b\u00adku organizovaly tane\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1bavy a pr\u016fvody masek. V masopustn\u00edch pr\u016fvodech se \u010dasto objevovalo parodov\u00e1n\u00ed neobl\u00edben\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ed\u00adn\u00edk\u016f, n\u011bkter\u00fdch profes\u00ed i lidsk\u00fdch vlastnos\u00adt\u00ed sm\u011b\u0161n\u00fdmi maskami. Vzpouru proti spo\u00ad\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9mu \u017eivotu dokl\u00e1dala \u00fa\u010dast bl\u00e1zn\u016f a fantastick\u00fdch postav. Lid\u00e9 prost\u011b cht\u011bli sla\u00advit masopust svobodn\u011b a bez z\u00e1bran a ne\u00adnechali si toto pr\u00e1vo vz\u00edt. Mluv\u010d\u00ed pr\u016fvodu masek je \u201estrakat\u00fd\u201c \u2013 \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 o povolen\u00ed obec i ka\u017ed\u00e9ho majitele domku, kam masky zav\u00edtaj\u00ed. D\u00e1le mezi tradi\u010dn\u00ed masopustn\u00ed postavy pat\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 rasov\u00e9, turci, komin\u00edci, kobyly, medv\u011bd, ale i \u017eidi \u010di osoba slam\u011bn\u00e9ho. Na z\u00e1v\u011br masopustn\u00ed obch\u016fzky doch\u00e1z\u00ed k ob\u0159adu pora\u017een\u00ed kobyly, zast\u0159elen\u00ed medv\u011bda a pot\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduje vesel\u00fd tanec masek a v\u0161ech kdo se cht\u011bj\u00ed k vesel\u00ed p\u0159ipojit, ale jen do p\u016flnoci. <\/span><\/p>\n

Obch\u016fzky o masopustu se udr\u017euj\u00ed v nezm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 podob\u011b po n\u011bkolik generac\u00ed. Prokazateln\u011b od poloviny 19. stolet\u00ed, ale tradice je mnohem star\u0161\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy v kronik\u00e1ch dokazuj\u00ed, \u017ee masopust se slavil u\u017e v dob\u011b o n\u011bkolik stolet\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve. Nav\u00edc i podoba masek, stejn\u011b jako jejich funkce je prakticky beze zm\u011bn. Masky byly vlastnictv\u00edm jednotlivc\u016f (v rodin\u00e1ch se tradi\u010dn\u011b d\u011bdily), kte\u0159\u00ed se za n\u011b jednou v roce p\u0159evl\u00e9kaj\u00ed. Masopustn\u00ed obch\u016fzky nikdo neorganizoval, jednalo se o spont\u00e1nn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost obyvatel. Podoba masek a jejich funkce je jedine\u010dn\u00e1. <\/span><\/p>\n

Masopust se dnes kon\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161inou o v\u00edkendu p\u0159ed popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edou. Masopustn\u00ed zvyky byly roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eny po v\u0161ech kraj\u00edch. N\u011bkter\u00e9 byly pouze m\u00edstn\u00ed, n\u011bkter\u00e9 se udr\u017eovaly v\u0161ude. Vlastn\u00ed masopust je t\u0159\u00eddenn\u00ed lidov\u00fd sv\u00e1tek, kter\u00fd ve sv\u00e9 podstat\u011b sice nem\u00e1 nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s liturgi\u00ed, ale p\u0159esto je pod\u0159\u00edzen b\u011bhu c\u00edrkevn\u00edho kalend\u00e1\u0159e. Slavil se ve dnech p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159ed\u011b, kterou za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 \u010dty\u0159icetidenn\u00ed p\u016fst p\u0159ed Velikonocemi. Proto\u017ee datum Velikonoc je pohybliv\u00e9, byl pohybliv\u00fdm sv\u00e1tkem i masopust. <\/span><\/p>\n

Masopustn\u00ed zvyky byly v\u017edy spojen\u00e9 s ma\u0161karami a v\u00fdstupy. Masky byly v\u0161ude poho\u0161t\u011bny a je\u0161t\u011b dost\u00e1\u00advaly v\u00fdslu\u017eku, j\u00eddlo i pen\u00edze. Ty se pak spo\u00adle\u010dn\u011b propily v hospod\u011b – proto tak\u00e9 b\u00fdva\u00adli hospod\u00e1\u0159i \u0161t\u011bd\u0159\u00ed. Posledn\u00ed masopustn\u00ed den, \u00fater\u00fd p\u0159ed Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edou, kon\u010d\u00edval pochov\u00e1n\u00edm basy. Ve\u010der po obch\u016fzce kon\u010d\u00edval stejn\u011b jako v\u0161echny masopustn\u00ed dny muzikou a tan\u00adcem v hospod\u011b. Tentokr\u00e1t se v\u0161ak z\u00e1ba\u00adva neprot\u00e1hla a\u017e do r\u00e1na. Ve st\u0159edov\u011b\u00adku se chodilo sp\u00e1t se z\u00e1padem slunce, v novov\u011bku samoz\u0159ejm\u011b pozd\u011bji. <\/span><\/p>\n

Maso\u00adpust kon\u010dil p\u0159esn\u011b o p\u016flnoci, kdy ponocn\u00fd zatroubil na roh. \u010casto se je\u0161t\u011b pochovala basa, a\u0165 u\u017e skute\u010dn\u00e1 nebo jako figur\u00edna, kter\u00e1 se na nos\u00edtk\u00e1ch vynes\u00adla ven a poh\u0159bila na znamen\u00ed, \u017ee si na ni v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch t\u00fddnech nikdo nezahraje. . Lid\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee pokud budou o masopustu tancovat p\u0159es p\u016flnoc, objev\u00ed se mezi nimi \u010f\u00e1bel, \u010dasto jako cizinec v zelen\u00e9m kab\u00e1t\u011b. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli nadto je\u0161\u00adt\u011b v mysli hluboko zasutou prastarou po\u00adv\u011bru, \u017ee zem\u011b je do doby, ne\u017e vyd\u00e1 \u00farodu, t\u011bhotn\u00e1, a proto se po n\u00ed stejn\u011b neslu\u0161\u00ed sk\u00e1\u00adkat a dupat.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Masopust nen\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":121856,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/06\/masopust-titul.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94369"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=94369"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94369\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":122258,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94369\/revisions\/122258"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/121856"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=94369"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=94369"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=94369"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}