{"id":91356,"date":"2017-02-06T12:52:19","date_gmt":"2017-02-06T11:52:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=91356"},"modified":"2017-02-06T12:52:19","modified_gmt":"2017-02-06T11:52:19","slug":"infoservis-kolik-zaplati-uzivatele-bytu-ucty-za-teplo-budou-podle-nove-vyhlasky-spravedlivejsi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=91356","title":{"rendered":"INFOSERVIS: Kolik zaplat\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 byt\u016f? \u00da\u010dty za teplo budou podle nov\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky spravedliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
Ji\u017e v tomto roce dostanou u\u017eivatel\u00e9 byt\u016f vy\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f za teplo podle nov\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky Ministerstva pro m\u00edstn\u00ed rozvoj, kter\u00e1 je \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 od ledna 2016 (vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka \u010d\u00edslo 269\/2015 Sb.). <\/span><\/b><\/h6>\n
Vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bny v dosavadn\u00edm zp\u016fsobu, jak\u00fdm se v bytov\u00fdch domech doposud roz\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1valy platby za teplo. Vzbudila pochopiteln\u011b nem\u00e1lo ohlas\u016f a dotaz\u016f u ve\u0159ejnosti, v\u017edy\u0165 se dotkne rozpo\u010dt\u016f mnoha \u010desk\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed.<\/span><\/b><\/h6>\n

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Pro\u010d vlastn\u011b ministerstvo zm\u011bnilo p\u016fvodn\u00ed syst\u00e9m? Krom\u011b form\u00e1ln\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad snaha reagovat na po\u017eadavek povinn\u00e9 instalace m\u011b\u0159idel, nebo na zateplov\u00e1n\u00ed dom\u016f, je smyslem zm\u011bn zejm\u00e9na snaha o spravedliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob roz\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V \u010dem je nov\u00fd zp\u016fsob roz\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed spravedliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed? P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v tom, \u017ee pokud budou\u00a0p\u0159ekro\u010deny p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly v\u00a0n\u00e1kladech na vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed, poskytovatel slu\u017eeb uprav\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010det jen u t\u011bch byt\u016f, u kter\u00fdch byla stanoven\u00e1 hranice p\u0159ekro\u010dena.\u00a0 U ostatn\u00edch se bude i nad\u00e1le vych\u00e1zet pouze z\u00a0\u00fadaj\u016f, z\u00edskan\u00fdch z\u00a0indik\u00e1tor\u016f vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed nebo z m\u011b\u0159idel. Zat\u00edm se rozd\u00edly v\u00a0n\u00e1kladech roz\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1valy na \u00fakor v\u0161ech v\u00a0bytov\u00e9m dom\u011b. Jinak \u0159e\u010deno na toho, kdo nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u011b teplem \u0161et\u0159il nebo pl\u00fdtval,\u00a0dopl\u00e1celi ostatn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n


\nNezdrav\u00e9 \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed<\/span><\/b>
\nCo je \u0161patn\u00e9ho na tom, kdy\u017e se nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0bytov\u00e9m dom\u011b domluv\u00ed, \u017ee se bude v zim\u011b topit jen minim\u00e1ln\u011b, aby i pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 spot\u0159eba tepla byla minim\u00e1ln\u00ed? Vymrzl\u00fd d\u016fm za\u010dne plesniv\u011bt a obyvatel\u00e9 si zad\u011blaj\u00ed na daleko v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my a tak\u00e9 na v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed dodate\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady, ne\u017e jak\u00e9 u\u0161et\u0159ili za topen\u00ed. U\u017eite\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je, aby se ka\u017ed\u00fd obyvatel pod\u00edlel na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed tepeln\u00e9 stability v\u00a0dom\u011b, a p\u0159ede\u0161lo se zbyte\u010dn\u00fdm \u0161kod\u00e1m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky nyn\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjemce slu\u017eeb v\u00a0bytov\u00e9m dom\u011b zaplat\u00ed nejm\u00e9n\u011b 80 procent pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 ceny za teplo v\u00a0dom\u011b. Od \u010deho byla hodnota odvozena? Od vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky \u010d. 194\/2007 Sb., kter\u00e1 stanov\u00ed pravidla pro vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed.\u00a0 Obecn\u011b lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee ani spo\u0159iv\u00fd u\u017eivatel bytu (anebo ani neobydlen\u00fd byt) nespot\u0159ebuje zpravidla m\u00e9n\u011b, ne\u017e 80 procent pr\u016fm\u011bru tepla na jeden metr \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00ed. Pokud se n\u011bkdo v\u00a0bloku byt\u016f chov\u00e1 nezodpov\u011bdn\u011b a v zim\u011b v\u016fbec netop\u00ed, vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tepla, s\u00e1laj\u00edc\u00edho p\u0159es zdi z okoln\u00edch vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00fdch byt\u016f. Hor\u0161\u00ed je situace u byt\u016f rohov\u00fdch, nebo u t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b pod st\u0159echou. Tam p\u0159i nedostate\u010dn\u00e9m vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed hroz\u00ed ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 pl\u00edsn\u011b, pop\u0159\u00edpad\u011b u panelov\u00fdch dom\u016f praskliny v\u00a0om\u00edtce v\u00a0m\u00edst\u011b spoj\u016f panel\u016f. Takov\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed je pro cel\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed n\u00e1jemn\u00edk\u016f \u0161kodliv\u00e9 a lid\u00e9 by proto m\u011bli v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm \u0161et\u0159\u00edlkovstv\u00edm si nijak v\u00fdrazn\u011b finan\u010dn\u011b nepolep\u0161\u00ed.
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\nStejn\u00e1 pravidla pro v\u0161echny<\/span><\/b>
\n\u010c\u00e1st dotaz\u016f ve\u0159ejnosti sm\u011b\u0159ovala i k\u00a0tomu, zda je v\u00a0nov\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1\u0161ce zohledn\u011bna skute\u010dnost, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 byty maj\u00ed zasklenou lod\u017eii a jin\u00e9 ne. Tato \u00faprava m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku teplotn\u00ed rozd\u00edl a\u017e 10 stup\u0148\u016f Celsia. Takov\u00e9 d\u011blen\u00ed by v\u0161ak v\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 praxi bylo t\u011b\u017eko mo\u017en\u00e9. P\u0159i roz\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f se proto nep\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed k\u00a0individu\u00e1ln\u011b proveden\u00fdm \u00faprav\u00e1m (nap\u0159. zasklen\u00ed lod\u017eie nebo k v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b oken atd.). Pro u\u017eivatele takov\u00e9ho bytu plat\u00ed stejn\u00e1 pravidla, jako pro ostatn\u00ed. D\u016fm je br\u00e1n jako jeden tepeln\u011b technick\u00fd celek. Proto by se p\u0159i jeho revitalizaci m\u011blo postupovat sp\u00ed\u0161e syst\u00e9mov\u011b, tedy prov\u00e1d\u011bt \u00fapravy, zlep\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed tepeln\u011b izola\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti cel\u00e9ho domu, a nikoliv pouze jednotliv\u00fdch byt\u016f.
\nNov\u00e1 vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed ani p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy je byt napojen na d\u00e1lkov\u00fd zdroj tepla, ale p\u0159esto vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 krbov\u00e1, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b akumula\u010dn\u00ed kamna (nebo p\u0159\u00edmotopn\u00e9 konvektory, radi\u00e1tory atd.). V\u00a0dom\u011b s \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm topen\u00edm nen\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat pouze individu\u00e1ln\u00ed zdroje tepla a otopn\u00e1 t\u011blesa m\u00edt v\u00a0topn\u00e9 sez\u00f3n\u011b uzav\u0159en\u00e1., jeliko\u017e by se p\u0159\u00edjemce slu\u017eeb vystavoval riziku nedodr\u017een\u00ed spodn\u00ed hranice 20 % oproti pr\u016fm\u011bru z\u00fa\u010dtovac\u00ed jednotky. Kamna v\u0161ak lze pou\u017e\u00edvat v p\u0159echodn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed, kdy nen\u00ed bytov\u00fd d\u016fm centr\u00e1ln\u011b vyt\u00e1p\u011bn.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ot\u00e1zkou, kter\u00e1 zaj\u00edm\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na veden\u00ed bytov\u00fdch dru\u017estev a sdru\u017een\u00ed vlastn\u00edk\u016f bytov\u00fdch jednotek, je, zda si tyto organizace mohou na sv\u00e9m shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed odsouhlasit jin\u00fd zp\u016fsob roz\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eeb (tepla a tepl\u00e9 vody) ne\u017e ten, kter\u00fd je uveden v z\u00e1kon\u011b (z\u00e1kon \u010d. 67\/2013 Sb.) a v prov\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ce o roz\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed tepla, o kter\u00e9 tento \u010dl\u00e1nek pojedn\u00e1v\u00e1. Zde je odpov\u011b\u010f jednozna\u010dn\u00e1: v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee jsou v dom\u011b nainstalov\u00e1na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed, nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 si odhlasovat vlastn\u00ed zp\u016fsob roz\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed.
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\nSlovn\u00ed\u010dek: detailn\u00ed v\u00fdklad n\u011bkter\u00fdch pojm\u016f, obsa\u017een\u00fdch v\u00a0nov\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1\u0161ce MMR o roz\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed tepla\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/b>
\n<\/span>
\nRozd\u00edl mezi tzv. z\u00e1kladn\u00ed a spot\u0159ebn\u00ed slo\u017ekou:<\/span><\/b>
\n
\nZ\u00e1kladn\u00ed slo\u017eka<\/span><\/b>\u00a0vyjad\u0159uje tu \u010d\u00e1st n\u00e1klad\u016f, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na chov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjemc\u016f slu\u017eeb \u2013 u\u017eivatel\u016f byt\u016f a roz\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1v\u00e1 se ka\u017ed\u00e9mu podle tzv. zapo\u010ditateln\u00e9 podlahov\u00e9 plochy bytu, nebo nebytov\u00e9ho prostoru.\u00a0<\/span>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slo\u017eka<\/span><\/b>\u00a0n\u00e1klad\u016f na vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 permanentn\u011b n\u00e1klady na pohotovostn\u00ed v\u00fdkon otopn\u00e9 soustavy, prostupy tepla pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011bm domu, tepeln\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty vnit\u0159n\u00edho rozvodu a n\u00e1klady na temperov\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fdch prostor domu.<\/span>
\nSpot\u0159ebn\u00ed slo\u017eka<\/span><\/b>\u00a0n\u00e1klad\u016f na vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 n\u00e1klady na teplo dodan\u00e9 do bytu otopn\u00fdmi t\u011blesy, jeho\u017e mno\u017estv\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee u\u017eivatel ovlivnit regulac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edvodu tepla do otopn\u00fdch t\u011bles. Vych\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0m\u00edry m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 nebo indikovan\u00e9 spot\u0159eby tepla na vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span>Rozd\u011bluje se mezi p\u0159\u00edjemce slu\u017eeb podle \u00fadaj\u016f m\u011b\u0159idel nebo indik\u00e1tor\u016f vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed s pou\u017eit\u00edm korekc\u00ed a v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00fdch metod.<\/span><\/b>\u00a0V\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00e9 metody zohled\u0148uj\u00ed rozd\u00edlnou n\u00e1ro\u010dnost vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00fdch m\u00edstnost\u00ed na dod\u00e1vku tepla, kter\u00e1 je d\u00e1na jejich polohou, velikost\u00ed otopn\u00fdch t\u011bles, zp\u016fsobem p\u0159ipojen\u00ed m\u011b\u0159idel nebo indik\u00e1tor\u016f vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed a projektovanou vnit\u0159n\u00ed teplotou.<\/span>
\nPro\u010d m\u016f\u017ee spot\u0159ebn\u00ed slo\u017eka nov\u011b b\u00fdt a\u017e 70%?<\/span><\/b>
\nL\u00e9pe a p\u0159esn\u011bji bude provedeno roz\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f s\u00a0ohledem na tepeln\u011b izola\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti objektu a pou\u017eitou indikaci.<\/span>
\nPlat\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee v\u0161echny jednotky v bytov\u00e9m dom\u011b jsou osazeny kalorimetry?<\/span><\/b>
\nPlat\u00ed, proto\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o m\u011b\u0159idla.
\n<\/span>
\nMus\u00ed se p\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tepla kalorimetry zohlednit poloha a orientace m\u00edstnost\u00ed bytov\u00e9 jednotky v\u00a0koeficientech, nebo se uplat\u0148uje pouze p\u0159i instalaci radi\u00e1torov\u00fdch pom\u011brov\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159i\u010d\u016f RTN (rozd\u011blova\u010d topn\u00fdch n\u00e1klad\u016f)?<\/span><\/b>
\nVe\u00a0vyhl\u00e1\u0161ce \u010d. 269\/2015 Sb., kter\u00e1 je prov\u00e1d\u011bc\u00edm p\u0159edpisem k z\u00e1konu \u010d. 67\/2013 Sb. v\u00a0platn\u00e9m zn\u011bn\u00ed, je v \u00a7 6 odst. 2 uvedeno, \u017ee spot\u0159ebn\u00ed slo\u017eka je rozd\u011blov\u00e1na mezi p\u0159\u00edjemce slu\u017eeb \u00fam\u011brn\u011b v\u00fd\u0161i n\u00e1m\u011br\u016f stanoven\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159idel podle z\u00e1kona o metrologii nebo za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed s\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00edm korekc\u00ed a v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00fdch metod, zohled\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch i rozd\u00edlnou n\u00e1ro\u010dnost vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00fdch m\u00edstnost\u00ed na dod\u00e1vku tepeln\u00e9 energie danou jejich polohou. Z\u00a0uveden\u00e9ho tedy vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o kalorimetry a indik\u00e1tory vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed.
\n<\/span>
\nPou\u017eije se pro byty, kter\u00e9 nedodr\u017e\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00fd limit v dal\u0161\u00edch kolech, shodn\u00e1 pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 cena za metr \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00fd (cena vypo\u010dten\u00e1 z p\u016fvodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stky faktury a celkov\u00e9 zapo\u010ditateln\u00e9 ploch v\u0161ech byt\u016f), nebo se pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 cena stanov\u00ed znovu po \u00faprav\u011b \u010d\u00e1stky faktury a zapo\u010ditateln\u00e9 plochy zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch byt\u016f?\u00a0<\/span><\/b>
\nPo prvotn\u00edm rozd\u011blen\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed se p\u0159i opakovan\u00e9m rozd\u011blen\u00ed pou\u017eije p\u016fvodn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd n\u00e1klad p\u0159ipadaj\u00edc\u00ed na 1 m<\/span>2<\/span>\u00a0zapo\u010ditateln\u00e9 podlahov\u00e9 plochy. P\u0159i p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed limitu odchylky n\u00e1klad\u016f se prov\u00e1d\u00ed \u00faprava pouze spot\u0159ebn\u00ed slo\u017eky.<\/span><\/p>\n

ST\u00c1TN\u00cd SPR\u00c1VA<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

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