{"id":91291,"date":"2017-09-13T12:46:21","date_gmt":"2017-09-13T11:46:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=91291"},"modified":"2018-05-28T14:44:18","modified_gmt":"2018-05-28T13:44:18","slug":"stara-sumava-pastevec-jenz-pri-okraji-lesa-stado-strezi-ma-radost-ze-muze-zase-pohledet-nejakemu-cloveku-do-tvare","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=91291","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Pastevec p\u0159i okraji lesa st\u00e1do st\u0159e\u017e\u00ed a m\u00e1 radost, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee zase pohled\u011bt \u010dlov\u011bku do tv\u00e1\u0159e"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

“Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed moj\u00ed z\u00e1libou b\u00fdvalo choditi se st\u00e1dy, je\u017e se po cel\u00e9 l\u00e9to p\u00e1sla v kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00edch les\u00edch, hl\u00edd\u00e1na jsouce zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edmi pas\u00e1ky. (\u2026) P\u0159idru\u017eoval jsem se k t\u011bmto pastevc\u016fm, namnoze bl\u00edzk\u00fdm sv\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdm, \u017eil jsem s nimi po jejich zp\u016fsobu po n\u011bkolik ned\u011bl, oby\u010dejn\u011b pokud boty vydr\u017eely v nesm\u00edrn\u00e9m mokru les\u016f a mo\u010d\u00e1l\u016f, stravoval jsem se s nimi a s nimi p\u0159esp\u00e1val v sruban\u00fdch lesn\u00edch boud\u00e1ch. Tak jsem poznal d\u016fkladn\u011b \u017eivot t\u011bchto lid\u00ed, jejich naz\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed a vnikl jsem do v\u0161ech taj\u016f lesa a mo\u010d\u00e1l\u016f v dob\u011b, kdy \u0161irok\u00e9 prostory byly je\u0161t\u011b pokryty pralesem, do jeho\u017e hloubi krom\u011b pastevc\u016f a hajn\u00fdch sotva kdo zapadal.\u201c <\/em><\/h6>\n
Karel Klostermann<\/h6>\n

Z\u016fstaly zbytky zdiva, povalen\u00e9 podstavce kamenn\u00fdch k\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u016f, trouchniv\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed mohutn\u00e9 pa\u0159ezy, vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed \u0159adu ot\u00e1zek, dohad\u016f a pochybnost\u00ed o minulosti kraje a jej\u00edho spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho pochopen\u00ed. \u0160umavu nesta\u010d\u00ed jen proj\u00edt, projet a pod\u00edvat se. Je t\u0159eba vr\u016fst do kraje, poznat jeho obyvatele, jejich \u017eivot, zvyklosti. Pou\u010dit se z dobr\u00fdch i \u0161patn\u00fdch str\u00e1nek, kter\u00e9 popsaly osudy mnoha rodin.<\/p>\n

Na konci 18. stolet\u00ed byla \u0160umava nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dobytk\u00e1\u0159skou oblast\u00ed v \u010cech\u00e1ch. Dobytek nebyl chov\u00e1n pouze pro maso a ml\u00e9ko – slou\u017eil jako potahov\u00e1 s\u00edla, byl vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n p\u0159i lesn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci. \u010casto byl vyh\u00e1n\u011bn do lesa na pastvu ze \u0161irok\u00e9ho okol\u00ed, dokonce i ze sousedn\u00edch Bavor. Mnohdy byla pastva v les\u00edch d\u00e1v\u00e1na i do pachtu. Schwarzenber\u0161t\u00ed lesn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci byli z v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00edry proti tomu, pon\u011bvad\u017e vid\u011bli \u0161kody, zp\u016fsobovan\u00e9 dobytkem na lesn\u00edch kultur\u00e1ch, mohli se v\u0161ak tomuto ne\u0161varu, hluboce zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00e9mu ve zdej\u0161\u00edch zvyklostech, op\u0159\u00edt jen postupn\u00fdmi kroky.<\/p>\n

Zejm\u00e9na vrchn\u00ed myslivec Matz, kter\u00e9mu po spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed plavebn\u00edho provozu n\u00e1le\u017eel \u00fakol stanovit objem t\u011b\u017eeb, vyslovoval se proti pastv\u011b v les\u00edch, kter\u00e1 byla rozvoji kultur zna\u010dn\u011b na p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku. Kone\u010dn\u011b poc\u00edtil to i s\u00e1m kn\u00ed\u017ee Josef Schwarzenberg, \u017ee je t\u0159eba podniknout opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 by pastvu omezila a pokud mo\u017eno \u00fapln\u011b vylou\u010dila. Tak\u00e9 k tomu p\u0159ece jen posl\u00e9ze do\u0161lo. D\u0159evorubc\u016fm ve slu\u017eb\u00e1ch kn\u00ed\u017eete byla pastva jejich dobytka za p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fd poplatek povolena i nad\u00e1le a a\u017e v roce 1891 zaniklo na ni ve\u0161ker\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo.<\/p>\n

Pastevec<\/strong>
\nSekera, rendl\u00edk a h\u016fl \u2013 hle\u010f! v\u0161e, \u010deho mi t\u0159eba;<\/em>
\n Koz\u00ed ml\u00e9ko, plesniv\u00fd chl\u00e9b, to k j\u00eddlu mn\u011b sta\u010d\u00ed.<\/em>
\n A p\u0159ece jsem na sv\u011bt\u011b r\u00e1d, jen neopust\u00edm ch\u00fd\u0161e,<\/em>
\n kter\u00e1 i st\u00e1do m\u00e9 p\u0159ed ka\u017edou zk\u00e1zou chr\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

Je v\u00fdsostn\u00fdm po\u017eitkem \u010dlov\u011bka bez pl\u00e1nu putovat za kr\u00e1sn\u00fdch letn\u00edch dn\u016f po m\u00e1lo pro\u0161lapan\u00fdch loveck\u00fdch stezk\u00e1ch k\u0159\u00ed\u017eem kr\u00e1\u017eem st\u00e1le zelen\u00fdmi lesy bavorsko – \u010desk\u00e9ho hrani\u010dn\u00edho poho\u0159\u00ed st\u00ednem listnat\u00fdch loub\u00ed i otev\u0159en\u00fdmi pasekami, kde se nese od kv\u011btu ke kv\u011btu bzukot v\u010del a kde se vzduch chv\u011bje ve slune\u010dn\u00edm \u017e\u00e1ru, kde obzor lemuj\u00ed v lehce nadechnut\u00e9 mod\u0159i vrcholy hor.<\/p>\n

Pod\u00e9l \u0161um\u00edc\u00edch horsk\u00fdch potok\u016f, kter\u00e9 sp\u011bchaj\u00ed o p\u0159ekot p\u0159es om\u0161el\u00e9 skaln\u00ed balvany a hledaj\u00ed si zelen\u00fdm listov\u00edm cestu do \u00fadol\u00ed, pod\u00e9l trouchniv\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch, hou\u0161tinami a k\u0159ovisky p\u0159erostl\u00fdch stromov\u00fdch pah\u00fdl\u016f, kde se nez\u0159\u00eddka mihne praskaj\u00edc\u00edmi v\u011btvemi plach\u00e1 srna nebo hlu\u010dn\u011b zapadne do lesn\u00edch temnot tet\u0159ev t\u0159epotav\u00fdm \u00faderem sv\u00fdch t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch k\u0159\u00eddel. Krok za krokem nach\u00e1z\u00ed tu milovn\u00edk p\u0159\u00edrody kr\u00e1su st\u00e1le novou, tepaj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivotem v\u0161ude kolem. Jak\u00fd jen malebn\u00fd pohled je to, kdy\u017e tu na zelen\u00e9m lu\u010dn\u00edm koberci natref\u00edte n\u00e1hle v lese dobyt\u010d\u00ed st\u00e1do! Zv\u00ed\u0159ata le\u017e\u00ed pod stinn\u00fdm listnat\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkrovem star\u00fdch javor\u016f nebo se tla\u010d\u00ed kolem \u010dad\u00edc\u00edho ohn\u011b, kter\u00fd od nich zah\u00e1n\u00ed hmyz. Pastevec, jen\u017e p\u0159i okraji lesa st\u00e1do st\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, m\u00e1 radost, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee zase po del\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b pohled\u011bt n\u011bjak\u00e9mu \u010dlov\u011bku do tv\u00e1\u0159e, pon\u011bvad\u017e je jinak po cel\u00e9 l\u00e9to se sv\u00fdm st\u00e1dem v lese \u00fapln\u011b s\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

Lesn\u00ed pastva se na \u0160umav\u011b provozuje u\u017e po stalet\u00ed a roln\u00edci z lesn\u00edch vs\u00ed maj\u00ed ve st\u00e1tn\u00edch les\u00edch u\u017e zd\u00e1vna d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e1 pastevn\u00ed pr\u00e1va, mohou tam b\u011bhem m\u011bs\u00edce \u010dervna a dal\u0161\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a\u017e do \u0159\u00edjna bezplatn\u011b p\u00e1st n\u011bjak\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed dobytka. Pon\u011bvad\u017e st\u00e1da tr\u00e1v\u00ed v lese cel\u00e9 l\u00e9to, jsou na n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edstech zakl\u00e1d\u00e1na m\u00edsta k p\u0159enocov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

O samotn\u00e9m ozna\u010den\u00ed “Schacht” \u010di “Schachten” pro tato pastevn\u00ed m\u00edsta v lese jsem dlouho nedok\u00e1zal, p\u0159es n\u011bkoliker\u00e9 dotazy, z\u00edskat n\u011bjakou kloudnou informaci, dokud mi jeden sp\u0159\u00e1telen\u00fd lesn\u00edk, kter\u00fd je i znalcem \u0161umavsk\u00e9ho lesa, neposkytl n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1chytn\u00e9 body, kter\u00e9 jsou jist\u011b v\u00fdsti\u017en\u00e9: Schacht zna\u010d\u00ed tot\u00e9\u017e co zbytek lesa, skupina strom\u016f, h\u00e1jek. Ozna\u010den\u00ed skupiny strom\u016f p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed pak na m\u00edsto, na n\u011bm\u017e takov\u00fd zbytek lesa stoj\u00ed. P\u0159i k\u00e1cen\u00ed mus\u00ed tyto “Schachten” z\u016fstat zachov\u00e1ny k ochran\u011b tu nocuj\u00edc\u00edho dobytka.<\/p>\n

Jedno lesnick\u00e9 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z roku 1616 prav\u00ed: “po ka\u017ed\u00e9 se\u010di m\u00e1 b\u00fdt ponech\u00e1n pro slunce z\u00e1pad n\u011bjak\u00fd zbyte\u010dek stromov\u00ed”, je v\u017edy zbudov\u00e1n n\u00edzk\u00fd srub, kryt\u00fd st\u0159echou z k\u016fry a slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed pastevc\u016fm k pobytu za noci a za de\u0161t\u011b. Kamenn\u00e9 ohni\u0161t\u011b uprost\u0159ed tohoto obydl\u00ed a dv\u011b z ty\u010doviny zroben\u00e9 lavice na sezen\u00ed i span\u00ed jsou v\u0161\u00edm, co tvo\u0159\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Hlasy zvonk\u016f, kter\u00e9 bylo st\u00e1le z\u0159eteln\u011bji sly\u0161et ve v\u0161ech t\u00f3nin\u00e1ch, prozrazovaly p\u0159\u00edchod bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edho se st\u00e1da. Koza nahl\u00ed\u017eela zv\u011bdav\u011b do dve\u0159\u00ed. Hned byla podojena, ml\u00e9ko se uva\u0159ilo v kotl\u00edku a s \u010dern\u00fdm chlebem poslou\u017eilo k ve\u010de\u0159i.<\/p>\n

Jak jen spokojen\u011b a bez n\u00e1rok\u016f \u017eili oba ti lid\u00e9! Jejich \u0161at byl sice na mnoha m\u00edstech zedr\u00e1n a z\u00e1platov\u00e1n, jak se prod\u00edrali lesn\u00ed divo\u010dinou, tv\u00e1\u0159e v\u0161ak m\u011bli sluncem zdrav\u011b op\u00e1leny do hn\u011bda a t\u011bla otu\u017eil\u00e1 nepohodou. Kdy\u017e r\u016f\u017eov\u00e9 obl\u00e1\u010dky zv\u011bstovaly p\u0159\u00edchod jit\u0159n\u00edho slunka, st\u00e1l jsem u\u017e zase venku pod \u0161ir\u00fdm nebem, abych si udr\u017eel rozhled.<\/p>\n

Ohniv\u00fd slune\u010dn\u00ed kotou\u010d rychle vystoupal nad lesy a oza\u0159oval vrcholy Alp, tohoto r\u00e1na odtud z\u0159eteln\u011b viditeln\u00e9. V \u00fadol\u00edch le\u017eely b\u00edl\u00e9 \u0161l\u00e1\u0159e mlh, kter\u00e9 se sp\u011b\u0161n\u011b zvedaly a obklopovaly v\u00fd\u0161iny. Na “Schachten” to o\u017eilo, st\u00e1do, \u010d\u00edtaj\u00edc\u00ed na sto kus\u016f vol\u016f a mlad\u00e9ho skotu, se p\u00e1slo na \u0161\u0165avnat\u00e9 horsk\u00e9 louce. Romantick\u00e9 lesn\u00ed okol\u00ed, star\u00fd om\u0161el\u00fd srub, kter\u00fd jako by zarostl do voln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrody, strakat\u00e9 kr\u00e1vy a p\u00fdcha pastevcova, jeho koz\u00ed rodinka – to v\u0161echno dohromady pod\u00e1valo obraz vz\u00e1cn\u00e9ho souladu a prap\u016fvodnosti.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: Anton Pech – der Hausmeister des Bayerischen Waldes<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed moj\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":109170,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/09\/stara-sumava-titul.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91291"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=91291"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91291\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":109174,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91291\/revisions\/109174"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/109170"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=91291"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=91291"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=91291"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}