{"id":90943,"date":"2017-11-18T18:56:05","date_gmt":"2017-11-18T17:56:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=90943"},"modified":"2017-11-18T18:57:44","modified_gmt":"2017-11-18T17:57:44","slug":"stara-sumava-snupani-se-venovali-nejen-jednotlivci-ale-neobesla-se-bez-neho-ani-zadna-slavnost-nebo-sezeni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=90943","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: \u0160\u0148up\u00e1n\u00ed se v\u011bnovali nejen jedinci. Neobe\u0161la se bez n\u011bho ani \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 slavnost nebo sezen\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
“Nen\u00ed libo mal\u00fd \u0161\u0148upe\u010dek?” …. V pohrani\u010dn\u00edch okresech Klatovy, Su\u0161ice a Prachatice hlavn\u011b na venkov\u011b bylo zna\u010dn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eno \u0161\u0148up\u00e1n\u00ed tab\u00e1ku. Po\u017eitku tomu odd\u00e1ni byli N\u011bmci, od nich\u017e nau\u010dili se tomu i \u010ce\u0161i. Samo \u0161\u0148up\u00e1n\u00ed bylo ve velk\u00e9 v\u00e1\u017enosti a bylo obl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e kou\u0159en\u00ed.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Na \u0160umav\u011b \u0161\u0148upali chasn\u00edci, sedl\u00e1ci, les\u00e1ci, myslivci i pan far\u00e1\u0159. Opravdov\u00fd labu\u017en\u00edk \u0161\u0148up\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161\u0148up\u00e1val i v noci. \u0160\u0148upaly i \u017eeny.<\/p>\n

Pat\u0159ilo ke zvyklostem ve Hvozdu vz\u00e1jemn\u011b se po\u010dastovat “brizilem”. Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 velk\u00fdm vyznamen\u00e1n\u00edm bylo, kdy\u017e pan far\u00e1\u0159 nab\u00eddl sedl\u00e1kovi. Pokud se setkali dva d\u0159eva\u0159i nebo myslivci v lese, vym\u011bnili si na znamen\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed “piksle” s tab\u00e1kem a po ochutn\u00e1n\u00ed si je vr\u00e1tili.<\/p>\n

Zn\u00e1m\u00e1 byla star\u00e1 n\u011bmeck\u00e1 \u010dastovac\u00ed zdravice: “Pozdrav T\u011b P\u00e1nb\u016fh. Odkupak p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed\u0161? M\u00e1\u0161-li dobr\u00fd “brizil”, podej mi trochu!”<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0160\u0148up\u00e1n\u00ed se v\u011bnovali nejenom jednotlivci, ale neobe\u0161la se bez n\u011bho ani \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 slavnost nebo sezen\u00ed. \u017denich musel m\u00edt p\u011bknou sklenku s \u010dist\u00fdm “brizilem”, kter\u00fd nab\u00edzel host\u016fm. Tak\u00e9 bavor\u0161t\u00ed myslivci byli n\u00e1ru\u017eiv\u00fdmi “\u0161\u0148up\u00e1ky”. \u0160\u0148upaj\u00edc\u00ed, byl-li ve spole\u010dnosti, nikdy neopomn\u011bl nab\u00eddnout “\u0161\u0148upec” v\u0161em p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdm. Byl-li lakom\u00fd a v\u011bd\u011blo-li se o n\u011bm, \u017ee m\u00e1 “brizil”, byl vyzv\u00e1n k nab\u00eddnut\u00ed slovy: “Du schnupf ausser!”<\/em>, na\u010de\u017e jeho “tabat\u011brka” kolovala. \u0160\u0148upec si ka\u017ed\u00fd rozd\u011blil na t\u0159i d\u00edly tak, aby se “pod\u011blily ob\u011b nosn\u00ed d\u00edrky po jednom d\u00edlu a t\u0159et\u00ed d\u00edl se rovnou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed poskytl ob\u011bma”. D\u011blo se tak v\u011bt\u0161inou se slovy: “Tu m\u00e1\u0161 ty, tu m\u00e1\u0161 ty a o to se rozd\u011blte!”<\/em><\/p>\n

A\u017e do roku 1918 se lesy \u0160umavy podloudn\u011b dopravovaly ve velk\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 potraviny, cukr, lacin\u00e1 bavorsk\u00e1 s\u016fl, k\u00e1va, mouka, n\u011bkdy tak\u00e9 mlad\u00fd dobytek, v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch letech i trhac\u00ed prach pro sk\u00e1ly a do pu\u0161ek. Od roku 1784, kdy byl vyhl\u00e1\u0161en st\u00e1tn\u00ed monopol, zakazuj\u00edc\u00ed dovoz brazilsk\u00e9ho tab\u00e1ku, kter\u00fd se m\u011bl nahradit dom\u00e1c\u00edm tab\u00e1kem z Uher, to byl zejm\u00e9na bavorsk\u00fd \u0161\u0148upac\u00ed tab\u00e1k \u201ebrizil\u201c, \u201eprizil\u201c, nebo\u0165 v\u0161ichni vyznava\u010di \u0161\u0148up\u00e1n\u00ed se shodli na tom, \u017ee brazilsk\u00fd tab\u00e1k je co do chuti nenahraditeln\u00fd. A tak to, co se d\u0159\u00edve dov\u00e1\u017eelo p\u0159es hranice ve velk\u00e9m, se nyn\u00ed potaj\u00ed pa\u0161ovalo v\u011bt\u0161inou v mal\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

\u0160\u0148upac\u00ed ob\u0159ad za\u010d\u00ednal vylo\u017een\u00edm velk\u00e9ho modr\u00e9ho nebo \u010derven\u011b kostkovan\u00e9ho kapesn\u00edku a vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm nosu. Pak se s v\u00e1\u017enost\u00ed nasypal z “piksly” “brizil” do jamky na ruce vznikl\u00e9 zvednut\u00edm lev\u00e9ho palce k ukazov\u00e1\u010dku a rychle se vt\u00e1hl. N\u00e1sledovalo n\u011bkolikan\u00e1sobn\u00e9 k\u00fdchnut\u00ed. Pokud se to odehr\u00e1valo ve venkovsk\u00e9 hospod\u011b, m\u011bnilo se v\u0161e v pravou bou\u0159i. O oblib\u011b \u0161\u0148upav\u00e9ho tab\u00e1ku na \u0160umav\u011b v 19. stolet\u00ed sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed skute\u010dnost, \u017ee t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v ka\u017ed\u00e9 obci b\u00fdvala trafika, kde se prod\u00e1val nejen pa\u0161ovan\u00fd bavorsk\u00fd “brizil”, vyhled\u00e1van\u00fd pro “ostrost a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek na nosn\u00ed sliznice”, ale t\u00e9\u017e \u010desk\u00fd \u0161\u0148upac\u00ed tab\u00e1k, naz\u00fdvan\u00fd “c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fd”, kter\u00fd byl “p\u0159\u00edjemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, m\u011bl lib\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u016fni a poskytoval lahodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed po\u017eitek”. Trafikant obvykle s\u00e1m tab\u00e1kov\u00e9 listy zpracov\u00e1val, co\u017e ov\u0161em bylo chloubou i v\u011bt\u0161iny obyvatel Hvozdu, kde t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00e1 dom\u00e1cnost m\u011bla sv\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed n\u00e1\u0159ad\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdroba “brizilu” byla \u010dasto zahalena tajemstv\u00edm, nebo\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00fd tab\u00e1k m\u011bl jinou p\u0159\u00edchu\u0165. Pokud m\u011bli horal\u00e9 mo\u017enost k n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b bavorsk\u00e9ho poutn\u00edho m\u00edsta Heilig Blut, p\u0159inesli si dom\u016f “brizil” v jednotliv\u00fdch kusech asi osm centimetr\u016f dlouh\u00fdch, kter\u00e9 tam zakoupili po t\u0159iceti hal\u00e9\u0159\u00edch. Pa\u0161er\u00e1ci nosili tab\u00e1kov\u00e9 listy st\u00e1\u010den\u00e9 ve smotc\u00edch, m\u00e1\u010den\u00fdch ve zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed tekutin\u011b, tak\u017ee tab\u00e1k skoro zahn\u00edval.<\/p>\n

Smotek siln\u011b napu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho a vlhk\u00e9ho tab\u00e1ku se po usu\u0161en\u00ed jemn\u011b roz\u0159ezal na prk\u00e9nku. D\u0159ev\u011bnou pali\u010dkou se “brizil” rozt\u00edral v kamenn\u00e9 nebo hlin\u011bn\u00e9 hrub\u00e9 n\u00e1dob\u011b – “pernici” se st\u0159edov\u00fdm v\u00fd\u010dn\u011blkem, naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 “Tabakscherm”. I ten se obvykle pa\u0161oval z Bavorska. T\u0159en\u00ed ov\u0161em muselo prob\u00edhat pomalu, nebo\u0165 pokud by se tak d\u011blo neopatrn\u011b a rychle, mohl se tab\u00e1k vzn\u00edtit. N\u00e1doba se p\u0159i t\u0159en\u00ed dr\u017eela mezi nohama. Pro dosa\u017een\u00ed ostrosti se za m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159id\u00e1valo trochu ha\u0161en\u00e9ho v\u00e1pna, d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9ho popela, kv\u016fli v\u016fni “\u0161malc” (p\u0159epu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 m\u00e1slo nebo s\u00e1dlo), jako chu\u0165ov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsady su\u0161en\u00e9 \u0161vestky, mouka, pep\u0159, cukr, stromov\u00e1 k\u016fra, j\u00e1dra plod\u016f a podobn\u011b. Bez t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edsad by “brizil” byl mdl\u00e9 chuti a v\u016fn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Pak se “brizil” zaje\u010d\u00ed paci\u010dkou vymetl z n\u00e1doby a uzav\u0159el v “piksle”, sklen\u011bn\u00e9 lahvi\u010dce r\u016fzn\u011b zdoben\u00e9. Nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed byla z \u010derven\u00e9ho rub\u00ednov\u00e9ho skla. “Piksle” b\u00fdvaly v\u017edy mistrovsk\u00fdm kouskem \u0161umavsk\u00e9ho skl\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed. K nejvyhled\u00e1van\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pat\u0159ily “piksle” ze sv\u011btl\u00e9ho skla, proto\u017ee v temn\u00fdch lahvi\u010dk\u00e1ch “brizil” rychle usychal. Povrch m\u011bly vymalov\u00e1n nebo vybrou\u0161en, na n\u011bkter\u00fdch b\u00fdvaly nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1pisy (jako “Vezmi si brat\u0159e a \u0161\u0148upej”), nebo vyobrazen\u00ed lesn\u00ed zv\u011b\u0159e, jelen\u016f, srnc\u016f, loveck\u00fdch ps\u016f.<\/p>\n

Bavorsk\u00fd tab\u00e1k se \u010dasto m\u00edchal s “c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdm”; tato pr\u00e1ce se v\u0161ak musela d\u011blat za zav\u0159en\u00fdmi dve\u0159mi, aby doty\u010dn\u00fd s pa\u0161ovan\u00fdm tab\u00e1kem nebyl p\u0159ekvapen celn\u00edky a pokutov\u00e1n. V\u00fdroba tab\u00e1ku byla daleko c\u00edtit, co\u017e zp\u016fsobovalo, \u017ee finan\u010dn\u00edci pro\u017eili mnoho p\u0159\u00edhod p\u0159i domovn\u00edch prohl\u00eddk\u00e1ch. P\u0159i “\u010desk\u00e9” p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b tab\u00e1ku se vzalo \u010dtvrt kilogramu tab\u00e1kov\u00fdch list\u016f a po usu\u0161en\u00ed se vlo\u017eily do vyp\u00e1len\u00e9 hlin\u011bn\u00e9, zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 k tomu \u00fa\u010delu hrn\u010d\u00ed\u0159em vyroben\u00e9 n\u00e1doby. Naz\u00fdvala se “st\u0159ep” a byla podobn\u00e1 zn\u00e1m\u00e9 “b\u00e1bovce”, uvnit\u0159 s “pup\u00edkem”. V pr\u016fm\u011bru m\u011bla dvacet \u0161est centimetr\u016f a se s\u00edlou st\u011bn a\u017e jeden centimetr byla vysok\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b jeden\u00e1ct centimetr\u016f. V Su\u0161ici takov\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u011bl hrn\u010d\u00ed\u0159 a kamn\u00e1\u0159 H. Rokyck\u00fd, od jeho\u017e syna Josefa z\u00edskalo jednu n\u00e1dobu m\u011bstsk\u00e9 muzeum. N\u011bkolik takov\u00fdch n\u00e1dob je v\u0161ak ulo\u017eeno i v muzeu bavorsk\u00e9ho m\u011bsta Zwiesel.<\/p>\n

Pokud byl “st\u0159ep” nov\u00fd, bylo nutno jej p\u0159edem vyhladit jemn\u00fdm p\u00edskem. Pak se tab\u00e1k m\u00edchal; p\u0159idal se jeden dekagram cukru, \u010dty\u0159i sladk\u00e9 mandle nebo l\u00edskov\u00e9 o\u0159\u00ed\u0161ky a t\u0159i \u010dtvrt\u011b dekagramu ha\u0161en\u00e9ho v\u00e1pna. Po proset\u00ed na jemn\u00e9m \u0159e\u0161\u00e1tku se rozm\u00edchan\u00fd tab\u00e1k znovu vsypal do “st\u0159epu” a t\u0159el tenk\u00fdm koncem d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 ty\u010dky kyjovit\u00e9ho tvaru za p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed asi \u010dty\u0159 dekagram\u016f dobr\u00e9ho p\u0159eva\u0159en\u00e9ho m\u00e1sla. Rychl\u00e9 t\u0159en\u00ed tab\u00e1k sp\u00e1lilo, \u0161patn\u00e9 m\u00e1slo tab\u00e1k zkazilo.<\/p>\n

Hotov\u00fd tab\u00e1k se nasypal do l\u00e1hve a dob\u0159e zaz\u00e1tkoval; t\u0159et\u00ed den se mohlo \u0161\u0148upat, av\u0161ak \u010d\u00edm byl tab\u00e1k star\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm byl ule\u017eelej\u0161\u00ed a nab\u00fdval po\u017eadovan\u00e9 v\u016fn\u011b. Z velk\u00e9 l\u00e1hve se tab\u00e1k sypal do men\u0161\u00edch sklen\u011bn\u00fdch skleni\u010dek – “tabat\u011brek”, kter\u00e9 mu\u017ei nos\u00edvali p\u0159i sob\u011b. I ony b\u00fdvaly \u010dasto brou\u0161en\u00e9 a zdoben\u00e9 vyryt\u00fdmi monogramy, jm\u00e9ny, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b znaly jednotliv\u00fdch \u0159emesel. “Tabat\u011brk\u00e1m” se \u0159\u00edkalo “h\u00e1ze\u010dky”, pokud byly prou\u017ekovan\u00e9, “\u0161nirlovky”.<\/p>\n

“Tabat\u011brky” se zhotovovaly t\u00e9\u017e z rohu – ty byly prakti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nebo\u0165 na ploch\u00e9 stran\u011b m\u011bly p\u0159id\u011blan\u00e9 v\u00ed\u010dko, aby se tam tab\u00e1k sn\u00e1ze vsyp\u00e1val. Lahvi\u010dky se uzav\u00edraly bu\u010fto d\u0159ev\u011bnou z\u00e1tkou, ko\u017eenou, nebo kovovou. Ve m\u011bstech m\u00edvali lid\u00e9 “tabat\u011brky” ze zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed masy vi\u0161\u0148ov\u00e9 barvy, na jejich\u017e v\u00ed\u010dku byla ozdoba vykl\u00e1dan\u00e1 z karlovarsk\u00e9ho kamene. Naz\u00fdvaly se “santavky”, “sand\u00e1lky”. Pou\u017e\u00edvaly se t\u00e9\u017e “b\u0159ezovky”, vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 z b\u0159ezov\u00e9 k\u016fry”, \u010di “tabat\u011brky” nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch d\u0159ev as rozli\u010dn\u00fdmi ozdobami, nap\u0159\u00edklad sed\u00edc\u00edm mu\u017eem.<\/p>\n

Slavn\u00e1 \u00e9ra \u0161\u0148up\u00e1n\u00ed a pa\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed “brizilu” \u0161umavsk\u00fdmi lesy dozn\u00edvala je\u0161t\u011b zhruba ve t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch letech 20. stolet\u00ed, kdy\u017e p\u0159edzv\u011bst z\u00e1niku p\u0159inesla po p\u0159evratu 1918 po\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed str\u00e1\u017e se zaveden\u00edm \u017elut\u00e9 marky v N\u011bmecku. Vzpom\u00ednkou na tuto dobu z\u016fstalo jen p\u00e1r kr\u00e1sn\u011b pomalovan\u00fdch “piksel” ve vitr\u00edn\u00e1ch n\u011bkolika \u0161umavsk\u00fdch muze\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: Lum\u00edr Kothera, Myslivost<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“Nen\u00ed libo <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":115309,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/18\/stara-sumava-1-titul.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90943"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=90943"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90943\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":115313,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90943\/revisions\/115313"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/115309"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=90943"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=90943"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=90943"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}