{"id":89666,"date":"2017-01-19T06:55:04","date_gmt":"2017-01-19T05:55:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=89666"},"modified":"2017-02-03T13:21:44","modified_gmt":"2017-02-03T12:21:44","slug":"sumava-orkan-kyrill-ukazal-ze-priroda-je-mocnejsi-nez-clovek-a-umi-si-poradit-sama","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=89666","title":{"rendered":"N\u00c1RODN\u00cd PARK \u0160UMAVA: Ork\u00e1n Kyrill p\u0159ed deseti lety vyvr\u00e1til \u010di pol\u00e1mal na milion metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
V noci z 18. na 19. ledna 2007 se Evropou prohnal v\u00edtr s\u00edly ork\u00e1nu, kter\u00fd dostal jm\u00e9no Kyrill. Nevyhnul se ani \u010d\u00e1sti \u0161umavsk\u00fdch les\u016f, ve kter\u00fdch vyvr\u00e1til nebo pol\u00e1mal zhruba milion metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed.<\/h6>\n

\"kyrill\"Stromy po\u0161kozen\u00e9 v\u011btrem p\u0159i ork\u00e1nu Kyrill se v letech 2007 – 2008 na \u00fazem\u00ed NP \u0160umava asanovaly v celkov\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed 795 tis. m3. Bez zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed se ponechalo cca 207 tis. m3 polomov\u00e9ho d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201e<\/em>My jsme si tehdy u\u017e\u00edvali klidu po za\u017eehnan\u00e9 k\u016frovcov\u00e9 gradaci z\u00a0konce 90. let a mysleli jsme si, \u017ee u\u017e n\u00e1s nic hor\u0161\u00edho ne\u010dek\u00e1. Jen\u017ee kdy\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk bojuje s\u00a0k\u016frovcem, tak vlastn\u011b ned\u011bl\u00e1 nic jin\u00e9ho, ne\u017e \u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010di men\u0161\u00ed paseky a otev\u00edr\u00e1 takzvan\u00e9 porostn\u00ed st\u011bny. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se odhaluj\u00ed stromy, kter\u00e9 nikdy nerostly na oslun\u011bn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b, a proto maj\u00ed kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 koruny a dlouh\u00e9 kmeny, co\u017e je pak lah\u016fdka pro vich\u0159ici. Pr\u00e1v\u011b takov\u00e9 porosty, kter\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b nav\u00edc le\u017e\u00ed ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch nadmo\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch a byly star\u00e9 okolo sta let, nedok\u00e1zaly odolat Kyrillu nap\u0159\u00edklad v oblasti Polomu, Kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00edho stolce, \u010cern\u00e9 a Jezern\u00ed hory, nad Prameny Vltavy nebo v okol\u00ed Poledn\u00edku,\u201c <\/span><\/em>vzpom\u00edn\u00e1 \u0159editel Spr\u00e1vy NP \u0160umava Pavel Huben\u00fd. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201e<\/em>Naopak, v lese ponechan\u00e9m k\u016frovcov\u00e9 gradaci na konci 90. let Kyrill nezp\u016fsobil prakticky \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00fdvraty. Tak\u017ee i ponech\u00e1n\u00ed lesa p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b m\u016f\u017ee nakonec v\u00e9st k tomu, \u017ee budouc\u00ed vich\u0159ice vyvr\u00e1t\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b strom\u016f. Je ale nutn\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee velk\u00e9 vich\u0159ice p\u0159es \u0160umavu p\u0159ech\u00e1zely v\u017edy a vyvracely i stromy v prastar\u00fdch prales\u00edch,\u201c<\/span><\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch \u0161esti letech po Kyrillu Spr\u00e1va NP \u0160umava zaznamenala 2,6 mil. m3 k\u016frovcem odum\u0159el\u00fdch strom\u016f, z\u00a0nich\u017e zhruba polovina byla vyt\u011b\u017eena a druh\u00e1 polovina se ponechala na m\u00edst\u011b k\u00a0zetlen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201ePonech\u00e1n\u00edm ur\u010dit\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed bez z\u00e1sahu, spolu se zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm n\u011bkter\u00fdch ploch pouze odkorn\u011bn\u00edm a ponech\u00e1n\u00edm ve\u0161ker\u00e9 hmoty d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed na stanovi\u0161ti, do\u0161lo k v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu obohacen\u00ed tohoto \u00fazem\u00ed o rozkl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed se mrtv\u00e9 d\u0159evo. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u011bdeck\u00fdch studi\u00ed se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee mrtv\u00e9 tlej\u00edc\u00ed d\u0159evo a jeho struktura z\u00e1sadn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje mnoho chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch a ohro\u017een\u00fdch druh\u016f a mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed zdrav\u00e9ho lesa, jen\u017e m\u00e1 plnit i jin\u00e9 funkce, ne\u017e jen ekonomick\u00fd zisk,\u201c <\/span><\/em>\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 n\u00e1m\u011bstek \u0159editele Spr\u00e1vy NP \u0160umava pro ochranu p\u0159\u00edrody Martin Star\u00fd<\/span><\/p>\n

Na druhou stranu, tam kde prob\u00edhala t\u011b\u017eba, jsme v\u011bt\u0161inu t\u011bchto ploch zales\u0148ovali. S\u00e1zeli jsme a st\u00e1le s\u00e1z\u00edme d\u0159eviny, kter\u00e9 obohat\u00ed p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1let smrku v\u00a0m\u00edstech, kde by se mohly vyskytovat nap\u0159\u00edklad jedle, je\u0159\u00e1by, javory nebo buky. Jsou ale m\u00edsta, kter\u00e1 jsme nechali bez zalesn\u011bn\u00ed a sledujeme, jak se vyv\u00edjej\u00ed. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201ePo t\u011bch deseti letech m\u016f\u017eeme s\u00a0jistotou tvrdit, \u017ee p\u0159irozen\u00e1 obnova jak v\u00a0nez\u00e1sahov\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch, tak i na vyt\u011b\u017een\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch, kde jsme nezales\u0148ovali, p\u0159edstavuje v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru 6000 strom\u016f po hektaru. V\u011bt\u0161inou se jedn\u00e1 op\u011bt o smrky, zhruba ze 75 procent, n\u00e1sleduje je\u0159\u00e1b, buk a jedle,\u201c<\/span><\/em> dopl\u0148uje \u0159editel Pavel Huben\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je jist\u00e9, \u017ee dal\u0161\u00ed ork\u00e1ny a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 polomy mus\u00edme na \u0160umav\u011b op\u011bt o\u010dek\u00e1vat. Nap\u0159\u00edklad mezi lety 1977-2007 byla zaznamen\u00e1na na \u0160umav\u011b cca 20x rychlost v\u011btru p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edlu ork\u00e1nu. Siln\u00fd v\u00edtr a polomy jsou tedy na \u0160umav\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm jevem a d\u0159\u00edve \u010di pozd\u011bji op\u011bt zp\u016fsob\u00ed polomy v\u00a0les\u00edch NP \u0160umava. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eRozsah budouc\u00edch polom\u016f z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na mnoha faktorech, jako jsou ro\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed, stav p\u016fdy \u2013 jestli je podm\u00e1\u010den\u00e1, such\u00e1 nebo zmrzl\u00e1. Tak\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na plo\u0161n\u00e9m zastoupen\u00ed lesn\u00edch porost\u016f v ur\u010dit\u00e9m stadiu, v\u011bku a podobn\u011b,\u201c<\/span><\/em> vysv\u011btluje n\u00e1m\u011bstek \u0159editele pro lesn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my Jan Kozel. <\/span><\/p>\n

Pro budouc\u00ed efektivn\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch polom\u016f po ork\u00e1nu je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zejm\u00e9na p\u0159ipravenost a efektivita lesn\u00edho person\u00e1lu. V tomto ohledu disponuje Spr\u00e1va NP \u0160umava jedn\u00edm z nejzku\u0161en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch kolektiv\u016f lesn\u00edk\u016f v \u010cR. Do budoucna by bylo vhodn\u00e9 nasadit v\u00edce alternativn\u00edch zp\u016fsob\u016f odkor\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed napaden\u00fdch strom\u016f. Podle posledn\u00edch zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed toti\u017e odkorn\u011bn\u00ed pomoc\u00ed tzv. dr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00e1n\u00ed zajist\u00ed p\u0159i srovnateln\u00e9 efektivnosti z\u00e1sahu proti k\u016frovc\u016fm p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed druh\u016f hmyzu a hub, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u0161ak na neodkorn\u011bn\u00e9m le\u017e\u00edc\u00edm mrtv\u00e9m d\u0159ev\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00ed. Pomoc\u00ed t\u00e9to metody by tak bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 zefektivnit z\u00e1sahy proti k\u016frovc\u016fm i z hlediska ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody a zejm\u00e9na pak ochrany a podpory druhov\u00e9 rozmanitosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eNesm\u00edme tak\u00e9 opomenout d\u016fle\u017eitou \u010dinnost, na kterou se zam\u011b\u0159ujeme posledn\u00ed cca 3 roky velmi intenzivn\u011b \u2013 tou je v\u010dasn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edprava mlad\u00fdch lesn\u00edch porost\u016f v z\u00e1sahov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku, jako jsou pro\u0159ez\u00e1vky, podpora dlouh\u00fdch korun smrk\u016f a v\u0161ech nesmrkov\u00fdch d\u0159evin a prob\u00edrky s variabiln\u00ed intenzitou,\u201c <\/span><\/em>dopl\u0148uje Jan Kozel. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eV ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nesm\u00edme polomy zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi silami, jak\u00fdmi jsou vich\u0159ice, n\u00e1mrazy a podobn\u011b, pova\u017eovat za trag\u00e9dii. P\u0159\u00edroda u\u017e mnohokr\u00e1t uk\u00e1zala, naposledy pr\u00e1v\u011b po Kyrillu, \u017ee takov\u00e9 disturbance mohou b\u00fdt naopak p\u0159\u00ednosem, proto\u017ee daj\u00ed \u0161anci k\u00a0\u017eivotu jin\u00fdm \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdm a rostlinn\u00fdm druh\u016fm, \u017ee les nezmiz\u00ed, proto\u017ee ten les je tam st\u00e1le, pouze se uvolnil prostor pro jeho novou generaci. Jen \u010dlov\u011bk by m\u011bl p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed z\u00e1konitosti v\u00edce respektovat a b\u00fdt trp\u011bliv\u00fd,\u201c<\/span><\/em> zakon\u010duje Pavel Huben\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Text a foto: (tznp\u0161)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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