{"id":89485,"date":"2018-02-22T08:08:19","date_gmt":"2018-02-22T07:08:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=89485"},"modified":"2018-03-05T08:05:31","modified_gmt":"2018-03-05T07:05:31","slug":"stara-sumava-snehove-kalamity-nebyvaly-vzacnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=89485","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Sn\u011bhov\u00e9 kalamity neb\u00fdvaly vz\u00e1cnost\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"Je zima, na hor\u00e1ch a dolech le\u017e\u00ed sn\u00edh,<\/em>
\n nic nekvete a pt\u00e1\u010dek nezazp\u00edv\u00e1,<\/em>
\n smutno je v\u016fkol steskem \u010das\u016f zimav\u00fdch,<\/em>
\n ledov\u00e1 mlha ze v\u0161ech kout\u016f z\u00edv\u00e1.<\/em>
\n Jak obrovit\u00fd rub\u00e1\u0161, b\u011blostn\u00fd a\u017e strach,<\/em>
\n le\u017e\u00ed tu, kryje cel\u00fd rodn\u00fd les,<\/em>
\n nevid\u011bt nic ne\u017e led a sn\u00edh v t\u011bch kon\u010din\u00e1ch,<\/em>
\n zebe ten chlad od zem\u011b do nebes. ….<\/em><\/h6>\n

Sn\u011bhov\u00e9 kalamity neb\u00fdvaly na \u0160umav\u011b vz\u00e1cnost\u00ed. I dnes, pokud nen\u00ed zrovna v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b tepl\u00e1 zima, sn\u00edh tu na h\u0159ebenech a ve v\u00fd\u0161e polo\u017een\u00fdch \u00fadol\u00edch nad 800 metr\u016f le\u017e\u00ed zpravidla od konce \u0159\u00edjna a\u017e do konce dubna. Jeho vrstva dosahuje norm\u00e1ln\u011b mocnosti 60 a\u017e 100 cm. V arktick\u00fdch nebo na sn\u00edh bohat\u00fdch zim\u00e1ch m\u016f\u017ee pak v poloh\u00e1ch nad 1000 metr\u016f napadnout p\u0159es 200 centimetr\u016f sn\u011bhu a tak\u00e9 doba trv\u00e1n\u00ed sn\u011bhov\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvky je tu del\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 200 dn\u00ed, od \u0159\u00edjna p\u0159es 20. kv\u011bten. Tyto vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed polohy \u0160umavy nebyly v novov\u011bk\u00e9 minulosti lidupr\u00e1zdn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

V nelehk\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch zde celoro\u010dn\u011b \u017eili hlavn\u011b d\u0159eva\u0159i a skl\u00e1\u0159i, ale i pastevci. Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 krut\u00e9 tu b\u00fdvaly pr\u00e1v\u011b zimy. Barvit\u00e9 sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o tom vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 v \u0159ad\u011b sv\u00fdch pr\u00f3z Karel Klostermann, kdy\u017e nap\u0159\u00edklad popisuje, jak sn\u00edh zcela zasyp\u00e1val d\u0159eva\u0159sk\u00e1 obydl\u00ed, v nich\u017e na n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed jejich obyvatele uv\u011bznil. Nezbytnost\u00ed pak bylo pror\u00e1\u017eet ve vrstv\u011b sn\u011bhu nad kom\u00ednem pr\u016fchod pro kou\u0159, aby se dalo topit a tak p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt. V t\u011bchto souvislostech si m\u016f\u017eeme dob\u0159e p\u0159edstavit situaci, \u017ee n\u011bkdo na takov\u00e9 vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 samot\u011b v zim\u011b zem\u0159el. Zcela logicky musel t\u00fddny nebo i m\u011bs\u00edce na sv\u016fj poh\u0159eb po\u010dkat, ulo\u017een na umrl\u010d\u00edm prkn\u011b n\u011bkde na p\u016fd\u011b,ve stodole, v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 kapli\u010dce, nebo dokonce zahraban\u00fd ve sn\u011bhu.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u011b v zim\u011b b\u00fdvaly v horsk\u00fdch samot\u00e1ch i mal\u00fdch osad\u00e1ch probl\u00e9my s ud\u011blen\u00edm k\u0159tu novorozenc\u016fm. Rycht\u00e1\u0159 Jan Adam Zettl ze Stod\u016flek, kde nem\u011bli far\u00e1\u0159e ani kostel, ve zpr\u00e1v\u011b z roku 1792 uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee v m\u00edst\u011b b\u011bhem zimy zem\u0159elo n\u011bkolik d\u011bt\u00ed bez sv\u00e1tosti k\u0159tu. Jeho vlastn\u00ed d\u00edt\u011b, kdy\u017e bylo ke k\u0159tu neseno do kostela v Dobr\u00e9 Vod\u011b, omrzlo a n\u00e1sledkem toho zem\u0159elo.<\/p>\n

S pohnut\u00edm si pro\u010d\u00edt\u00e1me pov\u00eddku Karla Klostermanna B\u00edl\u00fd samum o trag\u00e9dii dvaceti \u0161esti d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u00fadajn\u011b p\u0159i cest\u011b ze \u0161koly v Kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00edch Pl\u00e1n\u00edch dom\u016f do Pasek zastihla sn\u011bhov\u00e1 bou\u0159e a ony zmrzly. Podobn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad zmrznut\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte na cest\u011b do \u0161koly se stal u Z\u00e1blat\u00ed v roce 1929. Jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed farn\u00ed kronika Ka\u0161persk\u00fdch Hor, byla zima tohoto roku zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 krut\u00e1. \u201eTeploty v \u00fanoru klesaly a\u017e k \u2013 30\u00b0 C. V\u00fdpadky v doprav\u011b zp\u016fsobily citeln\u00fd nedostatek paliva, zejm\u00e9na uhl\u00ed. Hrozn\u00e9 byly \u0161kody na ovocn\u00fdch stromech, mnoho jich pomrzlo, v\u011bt\u0161inu v\u0161ak ohlodali zaj\u00edci. V lesn\u00edch rev\u00edrech m\u011bsta bylo nalezeno vzdor dostate\u010dn\u00e9mu krmen\u00ed 36 mrtv\u00fdch srnc\u016f. Zima se drala i do st\u00e1j\u00ed a tak mnoh\u00e1 koza byla r\u00e1no nalezena mrtv\u00e1, umrzl\u00e1. V oblasti Ka\u0161persk\u00fdch Hor a Hartmanic napadlo do t\u00e9 doby nev\u00eddan\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed sn\u011bhu. B\u011bhem nejstuden\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dn\u016f bylo mnoho poh\u0159b\u016f, skoro v\u0161echny star\u00e9 osoby vym\u0159ely\u2026\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edvaly sn\u011bhu mnoh\u00e1 s\u00eddla na dlouhou dobu zcela izolovaly. Kdy\u017e se k tomu p\u0159idaly nemoci a dokonce epidemie, bylo ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed dokonal\u00e9. V pov\u00eddce Osudn\u00e9 Velikonoce pod\u00e1v\u00e1 Karel Klostermann ot\u0159esnou zpr\u00e1vu o epidemii tyfu, kter\u00e1 na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 1853 nejv\u00edce postihla vesnice nad Rej\u0161tejnem \u2013 Svoj\u0161e, Koz\u00ed H\u0159bety, Dobron\u00edn, Zh\u016f\u0159\u00ed a Jelenov:<\/p>\n

\u201eDo n\u011bkter\u00fdch t\u011bchto d\u011bdin, ohromn\u00fdmi spoustami sn\u011bhu odlou\u010den\u00fdch od cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, po celou zimu se nikdo nedostal a ven z nich tak\u00e9 nikdo nemohl. Teprve v dubnu prosko\u010dily p\u0159\u00ed\u0161ern\u00e9, ale pon\u011bkud mlhav\u00e9 zv\u011bsti o stra\u0161n\u00e9m \u00famrt\u00ed v t\u011bchto kon\u010din\u00e1ch. Politick\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad tam vyslal komisi, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e byl ov\u0161em i m\u016fj otec jako\u017eto l\u00e9ka\u0159. P\u0159es to, \u017ee nade\u0161el ji\u017e duben, bylo t\u0159eba sehnat sta lid\u00ed, ne\u017e se poda\u0159ilo prodrati se ohromn\u00fdmi z\u00e1v\u011bjemi\u2026 Co shled\u00e1no v n\u011bkter\u00fdch d\u011bdin\u00e1ch, p\u0159esahovalo v\u0161echny hr\u016fzy. P\u0159\u00edbytky zav\u00e1ty sn\u011bhem a\u017e p\u0159es st\u0159echy, tak\u017ee nutno bylo prokop\u00e1vat opravdov\u00e9 tunely od staven\u00ed ke staven\u00ed. Nebylo domu, aby v n\u011bm nele\u017eelo n\u011bkolik mrtvola s t\u011bmito za\u010dast\u00e9 na jednom l\u016f\u017eku nemocn\u00ed, p\u0159esto, \u017ee mrtvoly byly ji\u017e oby\u010dejn\u011b v rozkladu. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch vesnic\u00edch vym\u0159ela dobr\u00e1 polovice v\u0161eho obyvatelstva a ve st\u00e1j\u00edch le\u017eely mrtvoly dobytka, pohynuv\u0161\u00edho hlady, pon\u011bvad\u017e nebylo lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed by jej pokrmili. Co zbylo z obyvatelstva, podobalo se bludn\u00fdm st\u00edn\u016fm, d\u011bti skoro vesm\u011bs pom\u0159ely, mnoh\u00e9 dojista hlady, z dosp\u011bl\u00fdch n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed ze\u0161\u00edleli, jin\u00ed propadli takov\u00e9 tuposti, \u017ee neprojevili ani radosti, \u017ee p\u0159i\u0161la z\u00e1chrana\u2026 Ve dne v noci t\u00e1hly po uvoln\u011bn\u00fdch cest\u00e1ch k Rej\u0161tejnu p\u0159\u00ed\u0161ern\u00e9 povozy, je\u017e odv\u00e1\u017eely na h\u0159bitov spousty mrtvol\u2026\u201c <\/em><\/p>\n

Ni\u010div\u011b \u0159\u00e1dily na \u0160umav\u011b sn\u011bhov\u00e9 bou\u0159e. V zim\u011b 1905 sn\u011bhov\u00e1 vich\u0159ice pol\u00e1mala nebo dokonce vyvr\u00e1tila v les\u00edch m\u011bsta Ka\u0161persk\u00fdch Hor na 800 tis\u00edc strom\u016f. P\u0159es tyto smutn\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti hr\u00e1l sn\u00edh na \u0160umav\u011b tak\u00e9 pozitivn\u00ed roli. \u0158\u00edkalo se tu, \u017ee ve sn\u011bhu jsou ukryty pen\u00edze. Dokonce s\u00e1m spisovatel Klostermann tvrdil: \u201eZima bez dostatku sn\u011bhu jest nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kalamitou, ba opravdov\u00fdm ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00edm pro d\u011bln\u00fd lid na \u0160umav\u011b.\u201c<\/em> Sn\u00edh toti\u017e umo\u017e\u0148oval p\u0159ibli\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u0159eva z m\u00e1lo p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdch horsk\u00fdch poloh tenkr\u00e1t roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm s\u00e1\u0148kov\u00e1n\u00edm. Neb\u00fdval\u00fdm ruchem o\u017e\u00edvala v zim\u011b tak\u00e9 st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e1 Zlat\u00e1 stezka. Transport zbo\u017e\u00ed kvetl, kdy\u017e se ujezdila dobr\u00e1 sanice a po\u010das\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1lo.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: PhDr. Vladim\u00edr Horpeniak, Muzeum \u0160umavy Ka\u0161persk\u00e9 Hory<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Je zima, <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":89486,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/17\/stara-sumava.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89485"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=89485"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89485\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":123570,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89485\/revisions\/123570"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/89486"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=89485"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=89485"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=89485"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}