![\"\"](\"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/29\/sane-na-sumave.jpg\")
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Um\u00edte se v\u017e\u00edt do pocit\u016f \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd se musel se sv\u00fdmi oby\u010dejn\u00fdmi d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdmi san\u011bmi vy\u0161plhat na kopec, aby si na opl\u00e1tku u\u017eil kr\u00e1sy nedot\u010den\u00e9 krajiny? Horsk\u00fd ter\u00e9n, mno\u017estv\u00ed sn\u011bhu a nemo\u017enost udr\u017eovat sj\u00edzdn\u00e9 cesty p\u0159edur\u010dovaly s\u00e1n\u011b jako jedin\u00fd mo\u017en\u00fd dopravn\u00ed prost\u0159edek i d\u011btskou z\u00e1bavu na n\u011bkolik zimn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. ..<\/p>\n
A JAK\u00c1 BUDE LETOS ZIMA?<\/strong> San\u011b oded\u00e1vna pat\u0159ily k nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pomocn\u00edk\u016fm ka\u017ed\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159e \u017eij\u00edc\u00edho v \u0161umavsk\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch. Sv\u00e1\u017eka sena, potravin \u010di d\u0159eva toti\u017e tvo\u0159ila z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ob\u017eivu horala. D\u0159evorubectv\u00ed je v\u0161ude br\u00e1no za pr\u00e1ci t\u011b\u017ekou, nebezpe\u010dnou. Na \u0160umav\u011b pak, mysl\u00edm, dvojn\u00e1sobn\u011b. Nem\u00e1m na mysli jen k\u00e1cen\u00ed stalet\u00fdch obr\u016f v t\u011b\u017eko p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9m hvozdu. T\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 san\u011b maj\u00ed na \u0160umav\u011b i sv\u00e9 pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se jim tu \u0161mej\u010dky a pr\u00e1v\u011b na nich se v zim\u011b sv\u00e1\u017eelo d\u0159evo z les\u016f.<\/p>\n Doprava na san\u00edch m\u011bla na \u0160umav\u011b tak\u00e9 dlouhou tradici. Tyto san\u011b na\u0161ly uplatn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b v lesn\u00edm hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Jejich historii lze datovat pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b do 17. stolet\u00ed, kdy \u0160umavu zas\u00e1hla vlna d\u0159eva\u0159sk\u00e9 kolonizace. Na rozd\u00edl od krkono\u0161sk\u00fdch san\u00ed roha\u010dek, kter\u00e9 se vyzna\u010dovaly velk\u00fdmi rohy, \u0161umavsk\u00e9 san\u011b \u0161mej\u010dky nemusely v\u017edy m\u00edt v\u00fdrazn\u011b zahnut\u00e9 rohy.<\/p>\n Spisovatel Karel Klostermann p\u00ed\u0161e o san\u00edch s vyk\u0159iven\u00fdmi, zob\u00e1kovit\u011b zakon\u010den\u00fdmi sanicemi:<\/strong> D\u00e9lka roh\u016f u \u0161umavsk\u00fdch san\u00ed \u0161mej\u010dek se toti\u017e odv\u00edjela p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm od osobn\u00edho vkusu v\u00fdrobce san\u00ed a jej\u00ed rozd\u00edlnost nem\u011bla praktick\u00e9 d\u016fvody. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed \u0159emesln\u00edci vyr\u00e1b\u011bli del\u0161\u00ed nosy sp\u00ed\u0161e za \u00fa\u010delem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zdobnosti san\u00ed. San\u011b \u0161mej\u010dky slou\u017eily p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na dopravu d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed z lesa. Jednalo se o kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 metrov\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed, ale i dlouh\u00e9 kl\u00e1dy o d\u00e9lce 5 \u2013 7 metr\u016f. Tomu musely odpov\u00eddat i rozm\u011bry \u0161mej\u010dek, jejich\u017e \u0161\u00ed\u0159ka se pohybovala kolem 80 cm a d\u00e9lka p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b v rozmez\u00ed 1,5 \u2013 2,5 metr\u016f v z\u00e1vislosti na d\u00e9lce d\u0159evn\u00ed hmoty. Del\u0161\u00ed san\u011b byly ur\u010deny k p\u0159eprav\u011b polenov\u00e9ho d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed, naopak krat\u0161\u00ed san\u011b, k nim\u017e byl p\u0159ipojen oplen, se u\u017e\u00edvaly ke sv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed dlouh\u00fdch kl\u00e1d. Pokud kmeny byly p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouh\u00e9, v ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch poloh\u00e1ch hor se u\u017e\u00edvaly tak\u00e9 dvojit\u00e9 san\u011b, skl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed se z p\u0159edn\u00ed a zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti.<\/p>\n Nen\u00ed ani v\u00fdjimkou, kdy se na \u0160umav\u011b dopravovaly del\u0161\u00ed kl\u00e1dy o d\u00e9lce i n\u011bkolika des\u00edtek metr\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v 18. stolet\u00ed se prov\u00e1d\u011bla t\u011b\u017eba a doprava kl\u00e1d o d\u00e9lce v\u00edce ne\u017e 25 metr\u016f, jejich\u017e odb\u011brateli byly holandsk\u00e9 lod\u011bnice, kde se kmeny pou\u017e\u00edvaly k v\u00fdrob\u011b vysok\u00fdch sto\u017e\u00e1r\u016f lod\u00ed. D\u00edky tomu se toto dlouh\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed naz\u00fdvalo holandsk\u00e9 kmeny. \u0160mej\u010dky nena\u0161ly uplatn\u011bn\u00ed pouze u profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch d\u0159eva\u0159\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed dopravovali d\u0159evo ze \u0161umavsk\u00fdch les\u016f. Rovn\u011b\u017e zem\u011bd\u011blci \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch poloh\u00e1ch hor vyu\u017e\u00edvali tento druh san\u00ed v zimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed k vlastn\u00ed pot\u0159eb\u011b, a to nap\u0159\u00edklad k doprav\u011b palivov\u00e9ho d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed. San\u011b \u0161mej\u010dky si v\u011bt\u0161inou vyr\u00e1b\u011bli sami d\u0159eva\u0159i.<\/p>\n Ne v\u0161ichni v\u0161ak v\u00fdrobu san\u00ed zvl\u00e1dli. Pro ty ale existovala mo\u017enost si san\u011b zakoupit. V hor\u00e1ch \u017eili lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se na v\u00fdrobu san\u00ed a ostatn\u00edch d\u0159eva\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f specializovali. San\u011b \u0161mej\u010dky se vyr\u00e1b\u011bly v\u011bt\u0161inou z bukov\u00e9ho nebo smrkov\u00e9ho d\u0159eva. Vedle t\u011bchto v\u00fdrobc\u016f san\u00ed se ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b obc\u00ed nach\u00e1zel i kov\u00e1\u0159, u n\u011bho\u017e bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 si nechat okovat sanice a tak\u00e9 zhotovit kovov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, jako byl nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0159et\u011bz. Vyjma okov\u00e1n\u00ed sanic se ale k v\u00fdrob\u011b \u0161mej\u010dek b\u011b\u017en\u011b kovu a kovov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed neu\u017e\u00edvalo.<\/p>\n V\u00fdroba san\u00ed byla tradovanou dovednost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se p\u0159ed\u00e1vala z generace na generaci po \u0159adu stalet\u00ed. Lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee zp\u016fsoby v\u00fdroby se po celou dobu existence t\u011bchto san\u00ed nem\u011bnily, jen v z\u00e1v\u011bru po roce 1945 pronikly do v\u00fdroby san\u00ed kovov\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky. V\u00fdrobce lze rozd\u011blit do t\u0159\u00ed skupin. Prvn\u00ed skupinou byli samotn\u00ed d\u0159eva\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed vyr\u00e1b\u011bli roha\u010dky pro svoji vlastn\u00ed pot\u0159ebu. Dal\u0161\u00ed d\u0159eva\u0159i vyr\u00e1b\u011bli san\u011b nejen pro sebe, ale i pro sv\u00e9 bl\u00edzk\u00e9 okol\u00ed. T\u0159et\u00ed skupinu tvo\u0159ili ji\u017e profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdrobci \u201eco um\u011bli se d\u0159evem\u201c provozuj\u00edc\u00ed truhl\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9, \u010di tesa\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0159emeslo.<\/p>\n Na hor\u00e1ch nebyl jednoduch\u00fd zp\u016fsob ob\u017eivy, a pokud cht\u011bl \u010dlov\u011bk v tomto nehostinn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt, musel sv\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed prost\u0159edky vyu\u017e\u00edt naplno. To sam\u00e9 platilo i pro san\u011b, kter\u00e9 se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu 19. stolet\u00ed za\u010daly pou\u017e\u00edvat i k jin\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm, ne\u017e byla p\u0159eprava b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad sedl\u00e1ci \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v \u00fadol\u00ed u\u017e\u00edvali p\u0159i svatb\u00e1ch nebo k p\u0159eprav\u011b turist\u016f pro z\u00e1bavu vedle ko\u010d\u00e1r\u016f tak\u00e9 san\u011b.<\/p>\n P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ruku na <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":120127,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/18\/sane-na-sumave-titul.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87198"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=87198"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87198\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":120408,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87198\/revisions\/120408"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/120127"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=87198"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=87198"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=87198"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nU\u017e od srpna se do\u010d\u00edt\u00e1me aspo\u0148 jednou t\u00fddn\u011b m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed znalc\u016f, to jest hajn\u00fdch, star\u00fdch pam\u011btn\u00edk\u016f a jin\u00fdch pozorovatel\u016f p\u0159\u00edrody, jak\u00e1 se d\u00e1 letos podle r\u016fzn\u00fdch zn\u00e1mek \u010dekat zima. Tedy bude velmi krut\u00e1, proto\u017ee syslov\u00e9 si pr\u00fd d\u011blaj\u00ed velk\u00e9 z\u00e1soby; bude v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 n\u00e1padn\u011b m\u00edrn\u00e1, proto\u017ee veverky nenasadily hust\u00fd ko\u017eich. Naproti tomu bude krut\u00e1, proto\u017ee jehli\u010diny m\u011bly letos mnoho \u0161i\u0161ek; ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 bude m\u00edrn\u00e1, proto\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina d\u0159evin nasadila pupence t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 na rozpuk. Nu\u017ee, m\u016f\u017eeme se patrn\u011b spol\u00e9hat na neklamn\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky p\u0159\u00edrody: zima ur\u010dit\u011b bude, a\u0165 u\u017e m\u00edrn\u00e1, nebo krut\u00e1, nebo oboj\u00ed; a nemus\u00ed n\u00e1s m\u00fdlit, \u017ee dosud se neprojevila.<\/em> Lidov\u00e9 noviny 10. 12. 1930, Karel \u010capek<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nNastal na zn\u00e1m\u00e9m n\u00e1m svahu \u0160picenberka \u010dil\u00fd \u017eivot, kter\u00fd trval od rann\u00ed tmy do ve\u010dern\u00ed. D\u0159eva\u0159i vyhrabali nakupen\u00e9 z\u00e1soby polen zpod hlubok\u00fdch z\u00e1v\u011bj\u016f sn\u011bhov\u00fdch, smetli vrstvy sn\u011bhu s nahromad\u011bn\u00fdch klad, upravili ke v\u0161emu cestu, dot\u00e1hli sami t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 s\u00e1n\u011b s vyk\u0159iven\u00fdmi, zob\u00e1kovit\u011b kon\u010d\u00edc\u00edmi sanicemi, \u017eelezem okovan\u00fdmi; zv\u00ed\u0159ata st\u011b\u017e\u00ed by obst\u00e1la p\u0159i t\u00e9to stra\u0161n\u00e9, \u00famorn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci, kterou tu konali synov\u00e9 lid\u0161t\u00ed. Mr\u00e1z r\u00e1no i ve\u010der \u017e\u00edhal krut\u00fd, \u017ee sn\u00edh pod nohama hv\u00edzdal a s\u00edp\u011bl zvukem kovov\u00fdm, \u017ee vous hork\u00fdm dechem ovanut\u00fd v tlust\u00e9 rampouchy mrzl i \u0159e\u010di br\u00e1nil, svrchn\u00ed \u0161at b\u00edl\u00fdm j\u00edn\u00edm se pokryl, a kr\u016fp\u011bje potu po tv\u00e1\u0159i se \u0159inouc\u00ed a na oblek dopadaj\u00edc\u00ed ve st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9 perly se m\u011bnily, nebylo st\u00e1n\u00ed ni ust\u00e1n\u00ed, zima nedala, ku pr\u00e1ci a pohybu nut\u00edc.<\/em> (Ze sv\u011bta lesn\u00edch samot)<\/strong><\/p>\n