{"id":86955,"date":"2017-12-25T19:52:43","date_gmt":"2017-12-25T18:52:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=86955"},"modified":"2017-12-25T19:53:30","modified_gmt":"2017-12-25T18:53:30","slug":"sumavsky-cas-vanocni-koleda-koleda-stepane-co-to-neses-ve-dzbane-nesu-nesu-koledu-upad-jsem-s-ni-na-ledu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=86955","title":{"rendered":"\u0160UMAVSK\u00dd \u010cAS V\u00c1NO\u010cN\u00cd: Koleda, koleda, \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1ne! Co to nese\u0161 ve d\u017eb\u00e1n\u011b? Nesu, nesu koledu, upad jsem…"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Koleda, koleda, \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1ne!<\/em>
\n Co to nese\u0161 ve d\u017eb\u00e1n\u011b?<\/em>
\n Nesu, nesu koledu,<\/em>
\n upad jsem s n\u00ed na ledu,<\/em>
\n psi se na m\u011b sb\u011bhli,<\/em>
\n koledu mi sn\u011bdli.<\/em><\/h6>\n

L\u00e1ska a vesel\u00ed jsou spojeny se sv\u00e1tkem svat\u00e9ho \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na. Ohniv\u00fd kazatel hl\u00e1saj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee Kristus byl Mesi\u00e1\u0161em p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdm proroky, byl roku 37 ukamenov\u00e1n p\u0159ed hradbami Jeruzal\u00e9ma.<\/p>\n

Koledy m\u011bly p\u0159in\u00e9st \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a blahobyt do ka\u017ed\u00e9ho staven\u00ed. K V\u00e1noc\u016fm pat\u0159ily od nejstar\u0161\u00edch dob koledy. Prvn\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00e1 dochovan\u00e1 zm\u00ednka o v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch zp\u011bvech neboli koled\u00e1ch je a\u017e z 15. stolet\u00ed. Tehdy koledy \u0161\u00ed\u0159ili potuln\u00ed um\u011blci. Koledy se hr\u00e1ly na trz\u00edch, v hostinc\u00edch a v chalup\u00e1ch. Koledy se hojn\u011b hr\u00e1ly v kl\u00e1\u0161terech a v domech bohat\u00fdch m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u016f.<\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00e1 zem\u011b, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 tradici k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch V\u00e1noc m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed koledy. U n\u00e1s byla prvn\u00ed koledou Vele, vele, stoj\u00ed dubec uprost\u0159ed dvora, kter\u00e1 byla sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed spisu \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd ve\u010der. Ten sepsal mnich Jan z Hole\u0161ova a byl to v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed spis, kter\u00fd se zab\u00fdval v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edmi zvyky, oby\u010deji a koledov\u00e1n\u00edm. Ve stejn\u00e9 dob\u011b tak\u00e9 vznikla koleda Narodil se Kristus P\u00e1n, kterou o V\u00e1noc\u00edch tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eeme \u010dasto sly\u0161et.<\/p>\n

D\u00edky pozornosti kronik\u00e1\u0159\u016f, u\u010ditel\u016f, ale i n\u00e1rodopisc\u016f se dochovaly zpr\u00e1vy o tom, jak lid\u00e9 koledovali na \u0160umav\u011b p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e sto lety. Nap\u0159\u00edklad kronik\u00e1\u0159 Panni uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee v Ka\u0161persk\u00fdch Hor\u00e1ch se koledovalo hlavn\u011b o sv\u00e1tku svat\u00e9ho \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na. U\u017e od \u010dasn\u00e9ho r\u00e1na zde obch\u00e1zely domy a staven\u00ed mal\u00e9 skupinky d\u011bt\u00ed. P\u0159ed ka\u017ed\u00fdmi dve\u0159mi, kde o\u010dek\u00e1valy n\u011bjakou almu\u017enu, zazp\u00edvaly d\u011bti v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed p\u00edse\u0148, nap\u0159\u00edklad: “Goledi singen, an Kreutzer bringen”<\/em> – ve voln\u00e9m p\u0159ekladu: “Koledy zp\u00edv\u00e1me, na krejcar \u010dek\u00e1me. Teplo je uvnit\u0159 v\u00e1m, zima zas venku n\u00e1m. Chcete-li d\u00e1t n\u011bco ven, dejte to brzy jen!”<\/em> Kdy\u017e byly pozv\u00e1ny d\u00e1l, zazp\u00edvaly d\u011bti dal\u0161\u00ed koledu ve sv\u011btnici.<\/p>\n

V 19. stolet\u00ed chod\u00edvaly na koledy d\u011bti s h\u016flkou, na kter\u00e9 byla p\u0159ipevn\u011bna betl\u00e9msk\u00e1 hv\u011bzda s bed\u00fdnkou, ve kter\u00e9 m\u011bli postaven\u00e9 mal\u00e9 jesli\u010dky. Dle historick\u00fdch pramen\u016f si chud\u00e9 rodiny \u010dasto koledou zabezpe\u010dily \u017eivobyt\u00ed na n\u011bkolik n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch zimn\u00edch t\u00fddn\u016f. S p\u0159\u00e1n\u00edm chodili i obecn\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci, hlavn\u011b past\u00fd\u0159, k jeho\u017e obch\u016fzce pat\u0159ilo vytrubov\u00e1n\u00ed u ka\u017ed\u00e9 chalupy.<\/p>\n

Podle tradice by se v tento den m\u011bly tak\u00e9 vz\u00e1jemn\u011b nav\u0161t\u011bvovat rodiny p\u0159\u00e1tel a zn\u00e1m\u00fdch, vym\u011b\u0148ovat si d\u00e1rky a p\u0159\u00e1t mnoho zdaru a \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f. Jedn\u00e1 se o den uvoln\u011bn\u00ed, vesel\u00ed, n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv, p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed a zp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. B\u011bhem minul\u00fdch stalet\u00ed byl tento sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed den jednou z m\u00e1la mo\u017enost\u00ed pro chasu, aby zm\u011bnila hospod\u00e1\u0159e. Na odchodnou dost\u00e1vali slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed kol\u00e1\u010d, tvo\u0159en\u00fd t\u0159emi spleten\u00fdmi prameny do kruhu a ozdoben\u00fd pentlemi a o\u0159echy.<\/p>\n

Svatek svat\u00e9ho \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na m\u00e1 to \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, \u017ee se vyskytuje v trojici dn\u016f, kter\u00e9 zn\u00e1me pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b v\u0161ichni – \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den – Hod Bo\u017e\u00ed – \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n. Jinak by mo\u017en\u00e1 ji\u017e upadl v zapomn\u011bn\u00ed, jako spousta jmen svat\u00fdch a spousta dn\u016f, kdy se sv\u00e1tky t\u011bchto osobnost\u00ed slav\u00edvaly.<\/p>\n

Zkusme chv\u00edli zapomenout na to, zda jsme \u010di nejsme k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 v\u00edry – a vezm\u011bme \u017eivoty a skutky k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch svat\u00fdch jako sou\u010d\u00e1st kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed lidstva. Svat\u00fd \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n se pova\u017eoval za patrona kon\u00ed. Proto se toho dne p\u0159ed v\u00fdchodem slunce nech\u00e1valo kon\u00edm pou\u0161t\u011bt \u017eilou, aby byli cel\u00fd rok zdrav\u00ed a \u010dil\u00ed. Sv\u011btil se oves a n\u011bkdy i jin\u00e9 obil\u00ed, ur\u010den\u00e9 pro jarn\u00ed setbu. Sv\u011btilo se v kostele, p\u0159i m\u0161i n\u011bkdy hospod\u00e1\u0159i hodili na kn\u011bze hrst ovsa (symbolick\u00e1 upom\u00ednka ukamenov\u00e1n\u00ed). I kdy\u017e byly obch\u016fzky po dom\u00e1cnostech a koledov\u00e1n\u00ed znakem mnoha lidov\u00fdch sv\u00e1tk\u016f, nikde se nerozvinulo do tak bohat\u00e9 podoby, nebylo tak obl\u00edben\u00e9 a \u010detn\u00e9, jako pr\u00e1v\u011b na v\u00e1noce.<\/p>\n

Koledov\u00e1n\u00ed kdysi souviselo s v\u00edrou v magick\u00e9 ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed osudu. Proto se ob\u0159ad\u016fm, spojen\u00fdm s p\u0159\u00e1n\u00edm zdaru, v\u011bnovala velk\u00e1 pozornost. \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n (=ov\u011bn\u010den\u00fd), prvomu\u010dedn\u00edk, proto\u017ee prv\u00fd svou krev za Krista prolil, byl \u017e\u00e1kem slavn\u00e9ho u\u010ditele Gamaliela a jeden ze 72 u\u010den\u00edk\u016f P\u00e1n\u011b. Sv. apo\u0161tolov\u00e9 zvolili 7 j\u00e1hn\u016f k o\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed chud\u00fdch a posv\u011btili je vkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm rukou a modlitbou; mezi nimi byl i sv. \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n. V jeho \u010dist\u00e9m srdci Duch sv. na\u0161el p\u0159\u00edbytek Sob\u011b p\u0159ipraven\u00fd a osv\u00edtil sv. \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na tak, \u017ee byl pln milosti a s\u00edly. \u010cinil mnoho z\u00e1zrak\u016f a obr\u00e1til mnoho \u017did\u016f na k\u0159es\u0165anskou v\u00edru, tak\u017ee ostatn\u00ed se domn\u00edvali, \u017ee ji\u017e se p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eil konec synagogy.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i rozmluv\u011b nezmohli ni\u010deho proti Duchu, kter\u00fd z n\u011bho mluvil nam\u00edtati, a ob\u017ealovali jej tedy u vysok\u00e9 rady, \u017ee se rouh\u00e1 z\u00e1konu Bo\u017e\u00edmu. Sv. \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n h\u00e1jil se tak skv\u011ble, \u017ee o jeho nevin\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni byli a uznati musili, \u017ee Duch sv. mluv\u00ed z n\u011bho. Mu\u017en\u011b \u017ealobc\u016fm sv\u00fdm do o\u010d\u00ed \u0159ekl, \u017ee Mesi\u00e1\u0161e utratili, zavrhli a Duchu sv. \u017ee st\u00e1le na odpor se stav\u00ed. Kdy\u017e pak zuby sk\u0159\u00edpali a k\u0159i\u010deli, aby \u0159e\u010di jeho nesly\u0161eli, zvolal mocn\u00fdm hlasem: “Vid\u00edm nebesa otev\u0159ena a Syna Bo\u017e\u00edho sed\u00edc\u00edho po pravici Bo\u017e\u00ed.”<\/em> Tu nemohli se udr\u017eeti, zacp\u00e1vali si u\u0161i, vrhli se na\u0148 a s velk\u00fdm k\u0159ikem vyvedli jej za m\u011bsto, aby jej ukamenovali. Kdy\u017e jej kamenovali, modlil se za nep\u0159\u00e1tele sv\u00e9: “Pane, nepokl\u00e1dej jim to za h\u0159\u00edch.”.<\/em> A p\u0159i slovech: “Pane Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161i, p\u0159ijmi du\u0161i mou”<\/em> vypustil ducha. Ostatky jeho jsou ve chr\u00e1m\u011b sv. Vav\u0159ince v \u0158\u00edm\u011b.<\/p>\n

\u010cty\u0159ver\u0161\u00ed uveden\u00e9 na za\u010d\u00e1tku str\u00e1nky zn\u00e1 asi ka\u017ed\u00fd. V\u00edte ale, \u017ee to nen\u00ed cel\u00e1 koleda? Tu si m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst tady a te\u010f:<\/p>\n

Koleda, koleda, \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1ne! – Co to nese\u0161 ve d\u017eb\u00e1n\u011b?<\/em>
\n Nesu, nesu koledu, – upad jsem s n\u00ed na ledu,<\/em>
\n psi se na m\u011b seb\u011bhli, – koledu mi sn\u011bdli.<\/em>
\n Co m\u00e1m smutn\u00fd d\u011blati? – Mus\u00edm jinou \u017eebrati.<\/em>
\n Koledu mi dejte, – jen se mi nesm\u011bjte!<\/em>
\n Koledu mi dali, – p\u0159ece se mi sm\u00e1li.<\/em>
\n \u0160t\u011bst\u00ed, zdrav\u00ed, pokoj svat\u00fd, vin\u0161ujeme v\u00e1m.<\/em>
\n Nap\u0159ed panu hospod\u00e1\u0159i, pak v\u0161em d\u00edtk\u00e1m.<\/em>
\n Z daleka se neseme, novinu v\u00e1m neseme,<\/em>
\n Co se stalo, p\u0159ihodilo, v m\u011bst\u011b Betl\u00e9m\u011b.<\/em>
\n Narodil se n\u00e1m Spasitel, jen\u017e jest Kristus P\u00e1n.<\/em>
\n To\u0165 d\u011b\u0165\u00e1tko, nemluv\u0148\u00e1tko, pos\u00edl\u00e1 mne k v\u00e1m,<\/em>
\n abyste mu n\u011bco dali, v\u0161ak j\u00e1 mu to d\u00e1m.<\/em>
\n Chleb\u00ed\u010dek nechce br\u00e1ti, nakrmila jej m\u00e1ti.<\/em>
\n Jen tol\u00e1rek nebo duk\u00e1tek m\u00e1te poslati.<\/em>
\n P\u011bkn\u011b pros\u00edm, odbu\u010fte mne, nem\u00e1m tu kdy st\u00e1t,<\/em>
\n je\u0161t\u011b mus\u00edm do Betl\u00e9ma d\u00edt\u011b kol\u00edbat.<\/em>
\n To d\u00edt\u011b je P\u00e1n velk\u00fd, ono v\u00e1m to zaplat\u00ed.<\/em>
\n Budete se radovati v nebi na v\u011bky.<\/em><\/p>\n

Sv\u00e1tek sv. \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na pat\u0159il k nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sv\u00e1tk\u016fm roku a v pr\u016fb\u011bhu stalet\u00ed se vyvinuly pestr\u00e9 oby\u010deje spojen\u00e9 s jeho slaven\u00edm. Na svat\u00e9ho \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na se rozd\u00e1val chud\u00e1k\u016fm a \u017eebr\u00e1k\u016fm chl\u00e9b, n\u011bkde se dodnes pe\u010de speci\u00e1ln\u00ed svato\u0161t\u011bp\u00e1nsk\u00fd chl\u00e9b. V\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed d\u00e1vali 26. prosince \u017eehnat \u010derven\u00e9 v\u00edno v kalichu, do n\u011bho\u017e kladli mal\u00fd k\u00e1men jako vzpom\u00ednku na kamenov\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u00edno pak pili. Tak\u00e9 s\u016fl a vodu, kter\u00e9 byly o \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1nu sv\u011bceny, lid\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edvali jako l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fd prost\u0159edek.<\/p>\n

Dodnes jsou v Bavorsku 26. prosince p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bni kon\u011b ve slavnostn\u00edch pr\u016fvodech p\u0159ed kostel sv. \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na k \u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed. Hodn\u011b turist\u016f se nap\u0159\u00edklad sj\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed na \u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed kon\u00ed ve Steflingu v Doln\u00edm Bavorsku. Majitel\u00e9 pak se sv\u00fdmi vyzdoben\u00fdmi ko\u0148mi t\u0159ikr\u00e1t obj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00ed kostel. Nezapom\u00ednaj\u00ed ani na po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed ovsa a do vody \u010di do krmen\u00ed p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u011bcenou vodu nebo s\u016fl. V\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed h\u00e1zej\u00ed na kn\u011bze hrst ovsa na p\u0159ipom\u00ednku \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1nova kamenov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Sv\u00e1tek sv. \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u00fdznam V\u00e1noc: \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n vid\u011bl nebesa otev\u0159en\u00e1 a jako prvn\u00ed z mu\u010dedn\u00edk\u016f ve\u0161el do nebesk\u00e9 sl\u00e1vy a z\u00edskal v\u011bnec v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed. Ani \u017eivot k\u0159es\u0165ana nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fd bez p\u0159ijet\u00ed a nesen\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Koleda, <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":118402,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/25\/koleda-titul.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86955"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=86955"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86955\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":118404,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86955\/revisions\/118404"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/118402"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=86955"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=86955"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=86955"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}