{"id":86573,"date":"2021-12-13T20:31:43","date_gmt":"2021-12-13T19:31:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=86573"},"modified":"2021-12-13T20:31:43","modified_gmt":"2021-12-13T19:31:43","slug":"stara-sumava-vanocni-veprove-hody","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=86573","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed vep\u0159ov\u00e9 hody"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201eV\u0161echno m\u00e1 sv\u016fj konec, pouze jitrnice dva.\u201c<\/h4>\n

\"\"Jaroslav Seifert: Zabija\u010dka<\/h6>\n
\n

Sta\u0159i\u010dk\u00e1 Muso z Illiady,<\/em>
\n vol\u00e1m t\u011b dneska postaru.<\/em>
\n Kde jsi tak dlouho? To bych hlady<\/em>
\n um\u0159el nad m\u00edsou ovaru.<\/em>
\n No sl\u00e1va! Kone\u010dn\u011b jsi tady!<\/em><\/p>\n

Kdo? Snad ne slavn\u00e1 Musa ona?<\/em>
\n Ach ne, jen nastrouhan\u00fd k\u0159en.<\/em>
\n A z kotle p\u00e1ra libovonn\u00e1<\/em>
\n stoup\u00e1 v obl\u00e1\u010dc\u00edch do oken;<\/em>
\n tu na sv\u011bt\u011b nic nep\u0159ekon\u00e1.<\/em><\/p>\n

Zp\u00edv\u00e1m d\u00e1l k poct\u011b zabija\u010dky:<\/em>
\n k smrti r\u00e1d ch\u0159upku na ou\u0161ku,<\/em>
\n Te\u010f hodn\u011b k\u0159enu, a jen pla\u010dky<\/em>
\n beru si kousek lalou\u0161ku.<\/em>
\n Mus\u00ed b\u00fdt hork\u00fd z nab\u011bra\u010dky.<\/em><\/p>\n

Jak se ten vep\u0159\u00edk mohl vt\u011blit<\/em>
\n v ty v\u016fn\u011b \u010derstv\u00e9 tla\u010denky,<\/em>
\n chu\u0165 jaterni\u010dek, tmav\u00fdch jelit!<\/em>
\n U\u017e nalijte mi do sklenky,<\/em>
\n v\u0161ak pozorn\u011b, je \u0161koda p\u0159el\u00edt.<\/em><\/p>\n

A te\u010f a\u0165 dovoleno je mi,<\/em>
\n p\u0159ip\u00edti k sl\u00e1v\u011b toho dne<\/em>
\n v\u00e1m v\u0161em a potom s v\u00e1mi v\u0161emi<\/em>
\n i na\u0161\u00ed p\u016fd\u011b \u00farodn\u00e9<\/em>
\n v t\u00e9 kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9 zemi.<\/em><\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco obdob\u00ed V\u00e1noc je pro lidi d\u016fvodem k radosti, pa\u0161\u00edk\u016fm nast\u00e1v\u00e1 pohroma. Aby se hodovn\u00ed stoly mohly jak se pat\u0159\u00ed proh\u00fdbat, za\u010dnou se na dvorc\u00edch \u0161umavsk\u00fdch vesnic d\u00edt v\u011bci. Na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9 se t\u011b\u0161ili na p\u0159\u00edchod V\u00e1noc dlouh\u00e9 t\u00fddny a v\u016fbec jim nevadilo, \u017ee pen\u011bz bylo poskrovnu. V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed d\u00e1rky, kter\u00e9 nad\u011bloval Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ek, o\u010dek\u00e1vali v tu\u0161en\u00ed velmi pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by se tak jako tak musely koupit. Zato na j\u00eddle ne\u0161et\u0159ili.<\/p>\n

Tabule byla pom\u011brn\u011b bohat\u00e1 a i v chud\u0161\u00edch rodin\u00e1ch si lid\u00e9 dop\u0159\u00e1vali n\u011bkolik chod\u016f. V\u017edy\u0165 V\u00e1noce pat\u0159ily hned po Velikonoc\u00edch k jedn\u011bm z nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch sv\u00e1tk\u016f. V tradi\u010dn\u00edm lidov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed se zab\u00edja\u010dka odehr\u00e1vala p\u0159ed V\u00e1nocemi nebo o masopust\u011b \u2013 kv\u016fli zaopat\u0159en\u00ed rodin vep\u0159ov\u00fdm masem a s\u00e1dlem v zimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed i z d\u016fvodu nedostatku krmiva pro dobytek a dom\u00e1c\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata. Ji\u017e z poloviny 19. stolet\u00ed je dolo\u017een\u00fd p\u0159edv\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed prodej d\u011btsk\u00fdch hra\u010dek v podob\u011b pras\u00e1tek ze d\u0159eva, hl\u00edny \u010di pern\u00edku. Velk\u00e9ho roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed doznala v \u010desk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed pov\u011bra, \u017ee ten, kdo se post\u00ed, uvid\u00ed ve\u010der zlat\u00e9 pras\u00e1tko. Pov\u011bdom\u00ed o tomto velice archaick\u00e9m zvyku, poprv\u00e9 dolo\u017een\u00e9m na sklonku 16. stolet\u00ed, p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 do sou\u010dasnosti.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed zabija\u010dky se podle historick\u00fdch dokument\u016f konaly u\u017e v 10. stolet\u00ed na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu, kdy se tvo\u0159ilo \u0159emeslo \u0159ezn\u00edka. Prvn\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00fd cech \u0159eznick\u00fd byl ov\u0161em z\u0159\u00edzen a\u017e roku 1359. \u0158ezn\u00edky p\u0159edstihli krej\u010d\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed privilegium z\u00edskali ji\u017e v roce 1318. \u0158ezn\u00edk\u016fm to v\u0161ak nemuselo nijak vadit, proto\u017ee kdy\u017e kr\u00e1l Karel IV. na\u0159\u00eddil, \u017ee cechov\u00e9 se musej\u00ed p\u0159i slavnostn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostech se\u0159azovat v ur\u010dit\u00e9m po\u0159\u00e1dku, na prvn\u00ed m\u00edsto postavil cech \u0159eznick\u00fd. Ten tedy kr\u00e1\u010del v \u010dele pr\u016fvodu se svou \u010dervenou korouhv\u00ed, na n\u00ed\u017e byl na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b vyobrazen jednoocas\u00fd b\u00edl\u00fd lev bez koruny a na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b br\u00e1na s m\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u00ed se dv\u011bma od\u011bnci, kte\u0159\u00ed do br\u00e1ny sekaj\u00ed sekerami.<\/p>\n

Tento privilegovan\u00fd motiv \u0159ezn\u00edci z\u00edskali od Karlova otce Jana Lucembursk\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd jim ho ud\u011blil za hrdinsk\u00fd \u010din z 28. listopadu 1310, kdy Prahu obsadila korutansk\u00e1 vojska. \u0158ezn\u00edci se v\u0161ak na \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159e u jedn\u00e9 z m\u011bstsk\u00fdch bran vrhli, br\u00e1nu otev\u0159eli a kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdm voj\u00e1k\u016fm tak umo\u017enili pr\u016fnik do m\u011bsta.Aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed s\u00e1dla, masa \u010di v\u00fdrobk\u016f z vnit\u0159nost\u00ed dob\u0159e uchovat, pat\u0159ily jim zimn\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edce. Obdob\u00ed mezi prosincem a\u017e do masopustn\u00edho \u00fater\u00fd tak pat\u0159ilo pr\u00e1v\u011b z\u00e1stupc\u016fm tehdy jednoho z nejv\u00e1\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u0159emesel.
\nVenkovsk\u00fd \u017eivot byl v minulosti obohacen o r\u016fzn\u00e9 tradice a ritu\u00e1ly a pr\u00e1v\u011b dom\u00e1c\u00ed zabija\u010dka pat\u0159ila k t\u011bm nejo\u010dek\u00e1van\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159ed v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edmi sv\u00e1tky.<\/p>\n

\u201eDom\u00e1c\u00ed zabija\u010dka byla v rodin\u011b v\u017edy velk\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost, bylo to mnoho pr\u00e1ce, ale taky hodn\u011b legrace a hlavn\u011b mezilidsk\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed.\u201c Typick\u00fdm m\u011bs\u00edcem pro jejich uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed se \u010dasto uv\u00e1d\u00ed prosinec, nebo\u0165, jak je obecn\u011b zn\u00e1mo, jeho d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1zev byl \u201eprasinec”. Kdyby to z\u016fstalo na Josefu Jungmannovi, jmenoval by se prosinec prasinec. Slovutn\u00fd obroditel, kter\u00fd mimo jin\u00e9 nahrazoval latinsk\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f \u010desk\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny, zohlednil fakt, \u017ee v prosinci se hojn\u011b por\u00e1\u017eka prasata. K V\u00e1noc\u016fm pat\u0159ily tak\u00e9 zabija\u010dky. S c\u00edrkv\u00ed vy\u017eadovan\u00fdm p\u016fstem na \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den se lid\u00e9 vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1vali po sv\u00e9m. Vep\u0159e porazili u\u017e 23. prosince. \u017de se t\u00edm lid\u00e9 dost\u00e1vali do rozporu s c\u00edrkv\u00ed, kter\u00e1 po sv\u00fdch ove\u010dk\u00e1ch po\u017eadovala na \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den p\u016fst? \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Zab\u00edje\u010dka se odsunula o den p\u0159ed nebo za \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den. Ve\u010de\u0159e 23. prosince b\u00fdvala tak bohat\u00e1, \u017ee se pro ni v\u017eilo ozna\u010den\u00ed hojn\u00e1, tu\u010dn\u00e1 nebo ob\u017eern\u00e1, a nebo tak\u00e9 tu\u010dn\u00fd ve\u010der.<\/p>\n

A vep\u0159ov\u00e9 se jedlo i na Bo\u017e\u00ed hod. N\u011bkde ale bezmas\u00fd p\u016fst nena\u0161el uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v\u016fbec. Lid\u00e9 toti\u017e v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee pokud by na \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den nejedli maso, pom\u0159el by jim dobytek. P\u0159ejeden\u00e9 t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 \u017ealudky bylo t\u0159eba l\u00e9\u010dit – samoz\u0159ejm\u011b jak jinak ne\u017e alkoholem. Krom\u011b l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f se ale, stejn\u011b jako dnes, p\u0159ip\u00edjelo na v\u0161echno mo\u017en\u00e9 – od dobr\u00e9 \u00farody a\u017e po m\u00edr mezi lidmi. Kupodivu se p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 neli\u0161\u00ed od obvykl\u00fdch postesknut\u00ed nad konzumn\u00edm charakterem dne\u0161n\u00edch sv\u00e1tk\u016f. Magdalena Beranov\u00e1 cituje Jana z Hole\u0161ova, sou\u010dasn\u00edka Karla IV. a jeho syna V\u00e1clava. “Kdy\u017e vy\u0161la hv\u011bzda,” st\u011b\u017euje si tento b\u0159evnovsk\u00fd mnich, “nejedli m\u00edrn\u011b k osv\u011b\u017een\u00ed t\u011bla, n\u00fdbr\u017e se p\u0159e\u017e\u00edrali a op\u00edjeli a a\u017e do r\u00e1na hr\u00e1li v kostky. Teprve r\u00e1no potom spali, m\u00edsto aby \u0161li do kostela na m\u0161i.”<\/p>\n

A t\u00edm jeho znechucen\u00ed v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edmi oby\u010deji nekon\u010dilo: “M\u011b\u0161ce dr\u017eeli v ruce a m\u00edchali pen\u011bzi ne proto, aby je rozd\u00e1vali, ale aby se jim budouc\u00ed rok pen\u00edze mno\u017eily a aby na n\u011b m\u011bli \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. D\u00e1rky pos\u00edlali ne na pam\u00e1tku nebesk\u00e9ho sesl\u00e1n\u00ed, n\u00fdbr\u017e aby sami m\u011bli po cel\u00fd n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed rok \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. Ti, kter\u00fdm se toho ve\u010dera n\u011bco odep\u0159elo, prorokovali: Zle se ti povede tohoto roku, proto\u017ee tohoto ve\u010dera nic nedaruje\u0161.” Pr\u016fb\u011bh zabija\u010dky m\u011bl sv\u00e1 ust\u00e1len\u00e1 pravidla jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad chyt\u00e1n\u00ed krve, pa\u0159en\u00ed a \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed prasete, atd. Maso z\u00edskan\u00e9 z prasete se p\u0159ipravovalo k p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9mu pe\u010den\u00ed, sma\u017een\u00ed, va\u0159en\u00ed, k nalo\u017een\u00ed, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed do klob\u00e1s a k zava\u0159en\u00ed do zava\u0159ovac\u00edch sklenic.<\/p>\n

K zabija\u010dce se tak\u00e9 v minulosti pojily n\u011bkter\u00e9 ob\u0159ady a zvyky. P\u0159ed por\u00e1\u017ekou bylo nap\u0159\u00edklad prase souzeno a \u010detl se mu rozsudek. Projevem nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pocty bylo sn\u011bzen\u00ed vep\u0159ov\u00e9ho mozku. D\u011bti dost\u00e1valy ledvinky, soused\u016fm se pos\u00edlala j\u00e1trov\u00e1 om\u00e1\u010dka s kousky masa a vnit\u0159nostmi. P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdm a soused\u016fm se pos\u00edlala v\u00fdslu\u017eka v podob\u011b pol\u00e9vky, masa, s\u00e1dla a zabija\u010dkov\u00fdch specialit. Obdarovan\u00ed se na opl\u00e1tku odm\u011bnili v\u00fdslu\u017ekou z vlastn\u00ed zabija\u010dky. Tento zvyk m\u011bl dlouhou tradici, proto\u017ee rodina si tak zajistila \u010derstv\u00e9 maso a masn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky pro dobu, do n\u00ed\u017e si je sama nemohla uchovat \u010derstv\u00e9 z vlastn\u00edch zdroj\u016f.<\/p>\n

D\u00edky rozes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdslu\u017eek se vep\u0159ov\u00e9 maso dost\u00e1valo i do j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku soci\u00e1ln\u011b slab\u0161\u00edch rodin, kter\u00e9 si vep\u0159e nemohly dovolit chovat. O zabija\u010dkov\u00fdch lah\u016fdk\u00e1ch se v \u010desk\u00e9 literatu\u0159e p\u00ed\u0161e pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dasto, po\u010d\u00ednaje Hrabalov\u00fdmi Post\u0159i\u017einami a kon\u010de Franti\u0161kem Nepilem, kter\u00fd venkovskou zabija\u010dku popsal v pov\u00eddce Kmot\u0159e Pet\u0159e. Por\u00e1\u017eka vep\u0159e na \u0160umav\u011b m\u011bla i sv\u00e9 pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed na jednotliv\u00e9 pochutiny, zabija\u010dka, byla to zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165n\u00ed sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost pro v\u0161echny. Va\u0159ily se jitrnice a jelita (Graupenw\u00fcrste), d\u011bti rozn\u00e1\u0161ely zabija\u010dkovou jitrnicovou pol\u00e9vku po sousedstvu. Zeln\u00fd z\u00e1vitek zvan\u00fd \u0161umavsky Galuschte (v N\u011bmecku Krautwickerl), vytou\u017een\u00e1 huspenina, lidov\u011b “sulc” \u0159e\u010den\u00e1, v dialektu “G’stona’s” (spisovn\u011b Sulz, tj. rosol), “ta\u0161ti\u010dky”, “Totschn” (tak\u00e9 “Reiberdatschi”) s vep\u0159ov\u00fdm masem byly a dodnes je\u0161t\u011b jsou n\u00e1m vz\u00e1cnou pochoutkou.A m\u016f\u017eeme pokra\u010dovat d\u00e1le a d\u00e1le…<\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> N\u00e1rodopisn\u00e1 encyklopedie<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

(Z cyklu Star\u00e1 \u0160umava)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201eV\u0161echno m\u00e1 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":242663,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/13\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-star\u00e1-\u0161umava.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86573"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=86573"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86573\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":242664,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86573\/revisions\/242664"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/242663"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=86573"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=86573"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=86573"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}