{"id":85676,"date":"2017-12-17T15:24:05","date_gmt":"2017-12-17T14:24:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=85676"},"modified":"2017-12-17T15:26:21","modified_gmt":"2017-12-17T14:26:21","slug":"stara-sumava-vzajemne-vymenovani-darku-se-stalo-projevem-pratelstvi-a-lasky-k-bliznimu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=85676","title":{"rendered":"\u0160UMAVSK\u00dd \u010cAS ADVENTN\u00cd: Vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 vym\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00e1rk\u016f se stalo projevem p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed a l\u00e1sky k bli\u017en\u00edmu"},"content":{"rendered":"

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V\u00e1noce jsou dobou, kdy se v\u0161ichni vrac\u00edme dom\u016f ke sv\u00e9 rodin\u011b, vychutn\u00e1v\u00e1me si v\u00fdborn\u00e9 j\u00eddlo a t\u011b\u0161\u00edme se na to, co n\u00e1m Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ek nechal pod strome\u010dkem\u2026<\/h6>\n

Lid\u00e9 na \u0160umav\u011b se v 19. stolet\u00ed t\u011b\u0161ili na p\u0159\u00edchod V\u00e1noc dlouh\u00e9 t\u00fddny a v\u016fbec jim nevadilo, \u017ee pen\u011bz je poskrovnu a v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed d\u00e1rky, kter\u00e9 nad\u011bl\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ek, budou nejsp\u00ed\u0161e velmi pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 by se tak jako tak musely koupit.<\/p>\n

Vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 vym\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00e1rk\u016f se stalo projevem p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed a l\u00e1sky k bli\u017en\u00edmu. D\u00e1rky se za\u010daly spole\u010dn\u011b rozbalovat v okam\u017eiku, kdy se na nebi rozsv\u00edtila prvn\u00ed hv\u011bzdi\u010dka. T\u00edmto zvykem se vzpom\u00ednalo na betl\u00e9mskou hv\u011bzdu, kter\u00e1 na nebi z\u00e1\u0159ila v dob\u011b narozen\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ka. D\u0159\u00edve nebyly V\u00e1noce ani tak o d\u00e1rc\u00edch, jako sp\u00ed\u0161e o vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 l\u00e1sce a p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed, radosti a pocitu soun\u00e1le\u017eitosti v rodin\u011b, kter\u00e1 se se\u0161la ke spole\u010dn\u00fdm oslav\u00e1m pod rodn\u00fdm krovem.<\/p>\n

O \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e9m ve\u010deru nen\u00ed v na\u0161ich zem\u00edch snad nikoho, kdo by s nap\u011bt\u00edm neo\u010dek\u00e1val p\u0159\u00edchod Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ka, nesouc\u00edho v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed d\u00e1rky v\u0161em lidem dobr\u00e9 v\u016fle. Nad\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00e1rk\u016f o V\u00e1noc\u00edch m\u00e1 sv\u016fj p\u016fvod ji\u017e v legend\u011b o narozen\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ka. I jemu lid\u00e9 nosili v\u0161e, co zrovna m\u011bli, aby pomohli Svat\u00e9 rodin\u011b. Smyslem v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edho obdarov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed by m\u011bla b\u00fdt radost nejen z toho, \u017ee d\u00e1rky dost\u00e1v\u00e1me, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z toho, \u017ee je darujeme. Jde o projev p\u0159\u00edzn\u011b, \u00facty a l\u00e1sky a o snahu p\u0159ipravit bl\u00edzk\u00fdm kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina na\u0161ich v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch a \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00edch zvyk\u016f m\u00e1 ko\u0159eny a\u017e v 19. stolet\u00ed. Pat\u0159\u00ed k nim i zvyk d\u00e1vat si na \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den d\u00e1rky. Vych\u00e1z\u00ed z Nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b ze zm\u00ednky o kadidle, zlat\u011b a myrze, kter\u00e9 p\u0159inesli T\u0159i kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 jako dary narozen\u00e9mu Jezul\u00e1tku. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku se drobnostmi (j\u00eddlo, \u0161aty, mal\u00e9 pen\u00edze) p\u0159ilep\u0161ovalo chase a \u017eebr\u00e1k\u016fm.<\/p>\n

V 19. stolet\u00ed potom za\u010dali bohat\u00ed m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 zdobit strome\u010dky jako p\u0159ipom\u00ednku uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, obdarov\u00e1vat sv\u00e9 d\u011bti a v\u011bnovat si dary i mezi sebou. P\u0159edt\u00edm d\u00e1rky o V\u00e1noc\u00edch dost\u00e1valo b\u011b\u017en\u011b jen slu\u017eebnictvo a dom\u00e1c\u00ed chasa jako p\u0159ilep\u0161en\u00ed k celoro\u010dn\u00ed mzd\u011b. D\u00e1rkem pro n\u011b bylo \u010dasto o\u0161acen\u00ed, j\u00eddlo nebo drobn\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stky.<\/p>\n

Lid\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili v magickou moc d\u00e1rk\u016f. Proto d\u011bti a mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 dost\u00e1vali \u010derven\u00e1 jabl\u00ed\u010dka (zdrav\u00ed, s\u00edla a dlouhov\u011bkost), o\u0159echy (moudrost a zralost) a sladk\u00e9 pern\u00edky (radost a slast ml\u00e1d\u00ed). Ml\u00e1denec nebo panna dost\u00e1vali obvykle n\u011bjakou ozdobu (\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a bohatstv\u00ed). D\u00edt\u011b star\u0161\u00ed dvan\u00e1cti let dost\u00e1valo ka\u017ed\u00fd rok st\u0159\u00edbrnou \u010di zlatou minci, je\u017e se o p\u016flnoci uschovala. Dosp\u011bl\u00ed si nad\u011blovali lahve s v\u00ednem, sladkosti a kandovan\u00e9 ovoce (sladk\u00fd \u017eivot), magick\u00fdm d\u00e1rkem byla purpurov\u00e1 l\u00e1tka se zlatou \u010di st\u0159\u00edbrnou nit\u00ed (vitalita, dostatek l\u00e1sky i rodinn\u00e9ho tepla), vonn\u00e1 mast \u010di vo\u0148avka (sl\u00e1va, \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a mnoho kr\u00e1sn\u00fdch chvil). D\u00e1rky se d\u00e1valy tak\u00e9 \u017eebr\u00e1k\u016fm nebo tul\u00e1k\u016fm bez domova, kte\u0159\u00ed v dob\u011b k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch sv\u00e1tk\u016f zaklepali na dve\u0159e bohat\u0161\u00edch dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Co se t\u00fd\u010de p\u0159edv\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1kup\u016f, nedost\u00e1valo se nejen ryb, ale kup\u0159\u00edkladu i kvasnic pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch na v\u00e1no\u010dkov\u00e9 t\u011bsto, m\u00edsto \u010daje a k\u00e1vy byly k dispozici jen n\u00e1hra\u017eky. Dobov\u00e9 novinov\u00e9 inzer\u00e1ty dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee se sladkosti o V\u00e1noc\u00edch p\u0159ece jen na trhu objevily – nab\u00edzely se fond\u00e1ny, karamely, v\u011btrov\u00e9 a sladov\u00e9 bonbony. O rok pozd\u011bji nebyla hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 situace o mnoho lep\u0161\u00ed. Psal se rok 1919, drahota st\u00e1le stoupala, propukaly hladov\u00e9 bou\u0159e, st\u00e1vkovalo se za vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mzdy a demonstrovalo se proti “ke\u0165as\u016fm” a lichv\u00e1\u0159\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Snad ka\u017ed\u00e9 prvorepublikov\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b na\u0161lo n\u011bkdy pod strome\u010dkem ply\u0161ov\u00e9ho medv\u00eddka. Jinak d\u011btem samoz\u0159ejm\u011b Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ek nosil nezbytn\u00e9 praktick\u00e9 d\u00e1rky – pr\u00e1dlo, rukavice, \u010depice, \u0161\u00e1ly a svetry, d\u011bv\u010dat\u016fm nav\u00edc ubrusy, c\u00edchy a ru\u010dn\u00edky do v\u00fdbavy. A pak tak\u00e9 kn\u00ed\u017eky, ty uv\u00e1d\u011blo mezi vzpom\u00ednan\u00fdmi v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edmi d\u00e1rky mnoho pam\u011btn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed pro\u017e\u00edvaly V\u00e1noce za prvn\u00ed republiky.<\/p>\n

D\u00e1rkem, kter\u00fd nach\u00e1zeli pod strome\u010dkem jak kluci, tak d\u011bv\u010data, byly s\u00e1\u0148ky. Ale i ty podl\u00e9haly m\u00f3d\u011b. Na po\u010d\u00e1tku t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch let byly nejv\u00edce v kurzu takzvan\u00e9 roha\u010dky. Ale pozor, musely b\u00fdt “p\u00e9rovan\u00e9 a z javorov\u00e9ho d\u0159eva,” nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm hitem pak byly ty, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly volant. Mnoho d\u011bt\u00ed nach\u00e1zelo pod strome\u010dkem tak\u00e9 brusle, i kdy\u017e se v\u011bt\u0161inou jednalo pouze o tzv. \u0161lajfky, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159ipev\u0148ovaly na boty. Obl\u00edben\u00fdm d\u00e1rkem bylo rovn\u011b\u017e loutkov\u00e9 divad\u00e9lko, to se nach\u00e1zelo v mnoha prvorepublikov\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnostech a bavily se j\u00edm nejen d\u011bti, ale i dosp\u011bl\u00ed, co\u017e bylo jist\u011b d\u00e1no i t\u00edm, \u017ee neexistovala televize. Dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00edtan\u00fdm d\u00e1rkem pro dlouh\u00e9 zimn\u00ed ve\u010dery byla stoln\u00ed hra \u010clov\u011b\u010de nezlob se! To se u n\u00e1s pod n\u00e1zvem Ludo roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo pr\u00e1v\u011b za prvn\u00ed republiky.<\/p>\n

Ve dvac\u00e1t\u00fdch letech se na trhu objevuje i stoln\u00ed hra, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 d\u011btem pomoci poznat l\u00e9pe rodnou zemi: Cestov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenskou republikou. Popul\u00e1rn\u00ed byly i d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 kostky, z kter\u00fdch se skl\u00e1daly obr\u00e1zky. V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed v\u0161ak nach\u00e1zela pod strome\u010dkem levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nad\u00edlku: \u017eeny \u010dasto dost\u00e1valy l\u00e1tku na \u0161aty nebo boty, mu\u017ei doutn\u00edky, tab\u00e1k, pen\u011b\u017eenku nebo l\u00e1hev alkoholu. Ve m\u011bstech p\u0159etrv\u00e1val v souvislosti s v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edmi sv\u00e1tky zvyk zn\u00e1m\u00fd je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed prvn\u00ed sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lkou: darov\u00e1n\u00ed snubn\u00edch prst\u00fdnk\u016f mezi snoubenci.<\/p>\n

Dne\u0161n\u00ed nakupov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00e1rk\u016f p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 hysterick\u00e9 skupov\u00e1n\u00ed odpustk\u016f ve st\u0159edov\u011bku, jako bychom si drah\u00fdmi d\u00e1rky a tunami j\u00eddla i pit\u00ed zbavovali zodpov\u011bdnosti za vlastn\u00ed h\u0159\u00edchy. Zapomn\u011bli jsme toti\u017e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychle na hlavn\u00ed odkaz zimn\u00edho slunovratu, kter\u00fd byl, a douf\u00e1m, \u017ee pro mnoho lid\u00ed st\u00e1le je, poselstv\u00edm a symbolem pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 pospolitosti pro dal\u0161\u00ed obdob\u00ed.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  V\u00e1noce <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":117762,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/17\/vanocni-darky-titul.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85676"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=85676"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85676\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":117765,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85676\/revisions\/117765"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/117762"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=85676"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=85676"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=85676"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}