{"id":84826,"date":"2017-12-19T07:17:48","date_gmt":"2017-12-19T06:17:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=84826"},"modified":"2017-12-19T07:20:18","modified_gmt":"2017-12-19T06:20:18","slug":"sumavsky-cas-adventni-roraty-jsou-tradicni-zpevy-urcene-specialne-pro-adventni-dobu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=84826","title":{"rendered":"\u0160UMAVSK\u00dd \u010cAS ADVENTN\u00cd: Na\u0161e babi\u010dky a d\u011bde\u010dkov\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b za tmy chod\u00edvali ve sn\u011bhu do kostela na ror\u00e1ty"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"Lidsk\u00fd \u017eivot byl v minulosti mnohem v\u00edce spjat\u00fd s p\u0159\u00edrodou a stejn\u011b tak i kolob\u011bh kalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00edch oby\u010dej\u016f \u0159\u00eddily p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti v z\u00e1vislosti na jednotliv\u00fdch ro\u010dn\u00edch obdob\u00edch. Jakkoli jsou Letnice sv\u00e1tkem p\u0159el\u00edbezn\u00fdm a jakkoli jsou Velikonoce plny vzne\u0161enosti, V\u00e1noce budou asi nejbl\u00ed\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9mu srdci.<\/h6>\n

Je to sv\u00e1tek zasv\u011bcen\u00fd D\u00edt\u011bti, tomu v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9mu, svat\u00e9mu, v\u0161emohouc\u00edmu, nadev\u0161e laskav\u00e9mu D\u00edt\u011bti, Kr\u00e1li v\u0161ech d\u011bt\u00ed. Jedn\u00e9 noci se to d\u00edt\u011b narodilo uprost\u0159ed chud\u00e9 st\u00e1je a vzalo na sebe lidsk\u00fd \u00fad\u011bl a odtud slav\u00ed tu noc cel\u00fd sv\u011bt a jmenuje ji svatou, Velkou noc\u00ed, V\u00e1nocemi, jak je sv\u011bt\u00ed tolikero n\u00e1rod\u016f.<\/p>\n

Ror\u00e1ty jsou tradi\u010dn\u00ed zp\u011bvy ur\u010den\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro adventn\u00ed dobu. I kdy\u017e se podobn\u011b jako koledy v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed k narozen\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista, li\u0161\u00ed se od koled t\u00edm, \u017ee vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edpravu na tuto ud\u00e1lost. Vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed tak atmosf\u00e9ru adventn\u00ed doby: ovzdu\u0161\u00ed radostn\u00e9ho o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edpravy.<\/p>\n

Za Karla IV. za\u010dala tradice ror\u00e1tn\u00edch m\u0161\u00ed, slaven\u00fdch s velkou \u00fa\u010dast\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch. Snad proto se tvrdo\u0161\u00edjn\u011b opakuje, \u017ee zp\u011bvy, kter\u00e9 pro tyto m\u0161e m\u00e1me, poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z jeho doby. Ony zp\u011bvy p\u0159i ror\u00e1tn\u00edch m\u0161\u00edch toti\u017e dostaly rovn\u011b\u017e jm\u00e9no ror\u00e1ty. Jsou to kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 p\u00edsn\u011b, starobyl\u00e9 jazykem i n\u00e1p\u011bvem. Vznikaly postupn\u011b ve stolet\u00ed patn\u00e1ct\u00e9m a \u0161estn\u00e1ct\u00e9m, vesm\u011bs jsou z doby p\u0159ed B\u00edlou horou. Ur\u010dit\u00e9 sep\u011bt\u00ed s dobou Karla IV. v\u0161ak p\u0159ece maj\u00ed. V dob\u011b Karlov\u011b se p\u0159i ror\u00e1tech zp\u00edvaly latinsk\u00e9 chor\u00e1ly podle p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho formul\u00e1\u0159e. A zp\u00edvali je pouze klerici, jak o tom sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed notovan\u00e9 Arno\u0161tovy knihy dopsan\u00e9 roku 1364. V 15. stolet\u00ed byly do t\u011bchto chor\u00e1l\u016f v\u0159azov\u00e1ny latinsk\u00e9 vlo\u017eky zvan\u00e9 kantil\u00e9ny \u2013 p\u00edsn\u011b. O tom m\u00e1me sv\u011bdectv\u00ed z roku 1450 v Rukopise Vy\u0161ehradsk\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

V dal\u0161\u00edm stolet\u00ed byly texty p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1ny do \u010de\u0161tiny tak, aby je bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 zp\u00edvat se stejnou melodi\u00ed. Tehdy se tak\u00e9 p\u0159ipojili ke zp\u011bvu v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed a posl\u00e9ze p\u0159evzali zp\u011bvy jako lidov\u00e9. Ru\u0161en\u00ed bratrstev za josef\u00ednsk\u00fdch reforem roku 1783 znamen\u00e1 tak\u00e9 \u00fapadek ror\u00e1t\u016f jako takov\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

Na\u0161e babi\u010dky a d\u011bde\u010dkov\u00e9 r\u00e1di vzpom\u00ednaj\u00ed, jak\u00e9 to b\u00fdvalo, kdy\u017e je\u0161t\u011b za tmy chod\u00edvali ve sn\u011bhu do kostela na ror\u00e1ty. Na t\u00e9to bohoslu\u017eb\u011b hlavn\u011b \u017eeny pou\u017e\u00edvaly ror\u00e1tov\u00e9 \u010di adventn\u00ed \u201esloupky”. Jedn\u00e1 se o voskov\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty, zhotoven\u00e9 z tenk\u00e9 voskov\u00e9 sv\u00ed\u010dky do tvaru nap\u0159. sloupku, modlitebn\u00ed kn\u00ed\u017eky nebo velk\u00e9ho prstence a tak podobn\u011b. Pou\u017e\u00edvaly se ke sv\u00edcen\u00ed v tmav\u00e9m kostele a vydr\u017eely po cel\u00fd advent, proto\u017ee se jimi sv\u00edtilo v\u017edy jen kr\u00e1tce. Mnohdy nem\u00e1me jasno, zda se jednalo o rann\u00ed m\u0161e, anebo o zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed zp\u011bvy\u2026<\/p>\n

Ud\u011blejme si v adventn\u00edm \u010dase chvilku klidu a p\u0159e\u010dteme vzpom\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed kaplana Jana Ungera z N\u011bmeck\u00e9ho Rychnova (Deutsch Reichenau) o ror\u00e1tech:<\/p>\n

V Rychnov\u011b byl kn\u011bz vskutku kn\u011bzem, l\u00e9ka\u0159em du\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00fd cht\u011b necht\u011b musil se starat o posv\u011bcen\u00ed vlastn\u00ed, necht\u011bl-li se rd\u00edt p\u0159ed vlastn\u00edmi ovcemi, vida jejich touhu po prav\u00e9m k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b. A duch k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd tam byl v\u0161ude tehdy zn\u00e1t. Ti lid\u00e9 mnoz\u00ed \u017eili ve velik\u00e9 b\u00edd\u011b, nebylo vedlej\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdd\u011blk\u016f, polnost\u00ed m\u00e1lo a tuze chudi\u010dk\u00fdch, skalnat\u00fdch, obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fdch, tak\u017ee velik\u00fd po\u010det osadn\u00edk\u016f zasedal po celou zimu za tkalcovsk\u00fd stav, aby p\u0159i blikotu mali\u010dk\u00e9 petrolejov\u00e9 lampi\u010dky s kulat\u00fdm kn\u016ftkem a mali\u010dk\u00fdm cylindrem si p\u0159ivyd\u011blali na denn\u00ed chl\u00e9b. <\/em><\/p>\n

Celi\u010dk\u00fd adventn\u00ed posv\u00e1tn\u00fd \u010das byl v on\u00e9 osad\u011b vskutku d\u016fstojnou p\u0159\u00edpravou na sv\u00e1tky radosti. Denn\u011b ji\u017e po \u0161est\u00e9 hodin\u011b jsme musili do zpov\u011bdnice, pon\u011bvad\u017e tamn\u00ed osadn\u00edci r\u00e1di p\u0159ij\u00edmali svat\u00e9 sv\u00e1tosti, nebyli toti\u017e z on\u011bch \u201eosv\u00edcenc\u016f\u201c, kte\u0159\u00ed se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, jdou-li jednou do roka ke spr\u00e1v\u011b Bo\u017e\u00ed, to \u017ee si P\u00e1n B\u016fh mlaskne. A netoliko dosp\u011bl\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161eli r\u00e1di ob\u011b\u0165 rann\u011bj\u0161\u00edho vst\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed do zimy, tak\u00e9 d\u011bti na p\u0159\u00edklad za Sv. Tom\u00e1\u0161e, maj\u00edc\u00ed dobrou hodinu (z kopce dol\u016f, nahoru skoro dv\u011b) p\u0159i\u0161ly v ur\u010den\u00fd jim den ji\u017e v 6 hodin do chr\u00e1mu, musily tedy nejd\u00e9le v 5 r\u00e1no j\u00edti z domova. Po cel\u00fd advent byly prvn\u00ed ror\u00e1ty v p\u016fl 7, i v ned\u011bli, ve v\u0161edn\u00ed dny, dovolovaly-li to rubriky, byly druh\u00e9 rorate hned po prvn\u00edch, jinak byla denn\u011b po zp\u00edvan\u00e9 ror\u00e1tn\u00ed m\u0161i sv. u olt\u00e1\u0159e P. Marie druh\u00e1 zp\u00edvan\u00e1 v barv\u011b dne. Varhan\u00edk tam v\u011bru u\u017eil ledov\u00fdch kl\u00e1ves, kdy\u017e hr\u00e1l t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b skoro p\u011bt \u010dtvrt\u00ed hodiny. <\/em><\/p>\n

Po prvn\u00edch ror\u00e1tech nikdo neodch\u00e1zel, p\u0159i\u0161el-li, z\u016fstal tak\u00e9 na druh\u00fdch. Kostelem – jako v\u0161ude – zvu\u010dely radostn\u00e9 n\u00e1p\u011bvy adventn\u00edch p\u00edsn\u00ed. V lavic\u00edch pln\u011b obsazen\u00fdch skl\u00e1n\u011bly se na obou stran\u00e1ch mu\u017esk\u00e9 i \u017eensk\u00e9 postavy nad nebekl\u00ed\u010di po p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se zp\u011bvn\u00edky, dr\u017e\u00edc\u00ed oby\u010dejn\u011b v levici tzv. sloupky voskov\u00e9…\u010c\u00edm v\u00edce bl\u00ed\u017eily se sv\u00e1tky, t\u00edm v\u00edce b\u00fdvalo denn\u011b kaj\u00edcn\u00edk\u016f, tak\u017ee jsem za\u010d\u00ednal pod\u00e1vat hned po prom\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed pana d\u011bkana u postrann\u00edho olt\u00e1\u0159e. A kdy\u017e se tento vrac\u00edval, je\u0161t\u011b jsem mnohdy nebyl hotov s pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm. <\/em><\/p>\n

V ten den ji\u017e v p\u011bt hodin r\u00e1no, kdy\u017e \u0161li jsme do zpov\u011bdnice, musili jsme se v ko\u017ei\u0161\u00edch prod\u00edrat z\u00e1stupy mu\u017e\u016f a jinoch\u016f, p\u0159ipravuj\u00edc\u00edch se na svatou zpov\u011b\u010f. V\u00fdrostci skoro ka\u017ed\u00fd dr\u017eel sv. r\u016f\u017eenec omotan\u00fd kolem ruky, v n\u00ed\u017e dr\u017eel modlitebn\u00ed kn\u00ed\u017eku. Byla to radostn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce, v Rychnov\u011b se na kn\u011bze ned\u00edvali jako na sedl\u00e1ka,p\u00edsa\u0159e, matrik\u00e1\u0159e, k n\u011bmu\u017e se chod\u00ed jen pro matri\u010dn\u00ed listy nebo platit pachtovn\u00e9, nikoliv. Byli spokojeni s m\u00e1lem, nikdo jim tehdy nemaloval r\u00e1j na st\u011bnu, nesliboval hory doly, jako elektriku, dr\u00e1hu, parn\u00ed l\u00e1zn\u011b, kino, snad i operu, aby po vy\u017ed\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed z nich posledn\u00edho trpce z\u00edskan\u00e9ho hal\u00e9\u0159e se jim vysm\u00e1l a uvrhl je do b\u00eddy je\u0161t\u011b nepom\u011brn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed. \u017dili ti lid\u00e9 klidn\u011b, spokojeni sv\u00fdm prostink\u00fdm, ale mravn\u00fdm \u017eivotem rodinn\u00fdm, jejich kr\u00e1sn\u00fd kostel byl jejich nebem, nem\u011bli \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdch v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1rok\u016f. Blahoslaven\u00ed chud\u00ed…<\/em><\/p>\n

Zdroj: Fritz Bertlwieser, Zuzana Vop\u00e1lkov\u00e1<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lidsk\u00fd \u017eivot <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":116526,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/02\/stara-sumava-rotary-titul.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84826"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=84826"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84826\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":117962,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84826\/revisions\/117962"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/116526"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=84826"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=84826"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=84826"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}