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V\u00e1noc, \u0161erav\u00fd advent\u2026<\/em>\n Adventn\u00ed jitro.<\/em>
\n Te\u010f le\u017e\u00ed vrchy v sam\u00e9m sn\u011bhu<\/em>
\n a z hv\u011bzd se na n\u011b line t\u0159pyt…<\/em>
\n V\u00edtr jde z d\u00e1lek beze b\u0159eh\u016f<\/em>
\n a chce \u010das z mr\u00e1kot probudit.<\/em>
\n Hluboce usnuly ty lesy,<\/em>
\n zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 jedle vo\u0148av\u00fd m\u00e1 sen,<\/em>
\n odn\u011bkud ze tmy podnebes\u00ed<\/em>
\n zticha se zved\u00e1 nov\u00fd den.<\/em>
\n Jak byst\u0159ina z hor do \u00fadol\u00ed<\/em>
\n se \u0159ine noc a jej\u00ed st\u00edn.<\/em>
\n Na \u0161t\u00edty hor se sv\u011btlo drol\u00ed<\/em>
\n a jasn\u00ed obzor v z\u00e1\u0159n\u00fd kl\u00edn.<\/em>
\n Advent, hodina, kdy se dn\u00edv\u00e1<\/em>
\n a odhaluje tajemstv\u00ed…<\/em>
\n Kruh hor kolem se rozho\u0159\u00edv\u00e1<\/em>
\n a Bo\u017e\u00ed stopa se v n\u011bm skv\u00ed.<\/em>
\n N\u00e1\u0161 pohled v\u00fdchod s touhou \u010dek\u00e1<\/em>
\n a m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed k p\u00e1su obzoru,<\/em>
\n kde jitro, s\u00edla v\u011bkov\u011bk\u00e1,<\/em>
\n nad noc se vznese nahoru.<\/em>
\n To B\u016fh sv\u00e9 ruce vl\u00eddn\u011b zdv\u00edh\u00e1<\/em>
\n a s l\u00e1skou \u017eehn\u00e1 tuto zem.<\/em>
\n Hv\u011bzdy blednou a pry\u010d je t\u00edha,<\/em>
\n sv\u011btlo jde k n\u00e1m, my vst\u0159\u00edc mu jdem……<\/em><\/p>\n
(Weihnachten tief drin im B\u00f6hmerwald, Anton Sika – Jan Mare\u0161)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Advent je za\u010d\u00e1tek liturgick\u00e9ho roku, obdob\u00ed \u010dty\u0159 ned\u011bl p\u0159ed v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edmi sv\u00e1tky. Je to doba radostn\u00e9ho o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edchodu Spasitele, duchovn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravy na V\u00e1noce, doba rozj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed a dobro\u010dinnosti. Tradi\u010dn\u00edm symbolem adventu je od 19. stolet\u00ed adventn\u00ed v\u011bnec, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech r\u016fznou podobu, v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice nej\u010dast\u011bji se \u010dty\u0159mi sv\u00ed\u010dkami, z nich\u017e t\u0159i jsou fialov\u00e9 (modr\u00e9) a jedna r\u016f\u017eov\u00e1.<\/p>\n Historie adventn\u00edch v\u011bnc\u016f nen\u00ed dlouh\u00e1. Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 a\u017e v 19. stolet\u00ed (1860), kdy jist\u00fd habsbursk\u00fd mnich zav\u011bsil od stropu kostela velk\u00fd v\u011bnec z chvoj\u00ed, na kter\u00fd um\u00edstil \u010dty\u0159iadvacet sv\u00ed\u010dek – pro ka\u017ed\u00fd adventn\u00ed den jednu. Po\u010det sv\u00ed\u010dek se pozd\u011bji sn\u00ed\u017eil na dvan\u00e1ct, za ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc v roce, a\u017e se ust\u00e1lil na dne\u0161n\u00edch \u010dty\u0159ech. Barvy i materi\u00e1l adventn\u00edch v\u011bnc\u016f byly zpo\u010d\u00e1tku poplatn\u00e9 c\u00edrkevn\u00edm zvyklostem.<\/p>\n Sv\u00edcny jsou zhotoven\u00e9 ze smrkov\u00e9ho chvoj\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdzdobu kostel\u016f. Adventn\u00ed barva je fialov\u00e1, p\u0159edposledn\u00ed t\u00fdden r\u016f\u017eov\u00e1; tomu odpov\u00edd\u00e1 i barva kn\u011b\u017esk\u00e9ho roucha – a takov\u00e9 by tak\u00e9 m\u011bly b\u00fdt sv\u00ed\u010dky na v\u011bnci; t\u0159i fialov\u00e9 a jedna r\u016f\u017eov\u00e1. Fialov\u00e1 je podle c\u00edrkevn\u00edch zvyklost\u00ed barvou pok\u00e1n\u00ed a r\u016f\u017eov\u00e1, t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edchodem Krista, je barvou z\u00e1blesku nad\u011bje.<\/p>\n Ka\u017ed\u00e1 ned\u011ble i ka\u017ed\u00fd t\u00fdden v adventu m\u00e1 z c\u00edrkevn\u00edho hlediska odli\u0161n\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Olt\u00e1\u0159e v kostele se nezdob\u00ed kv\u011btinami, ale chvoj\u00edm a v\u0161e se zdob\u00ed do tmav\u011b fialov\u00e9 postn\u00ed barvy. V\u00fdjimkou je t\u0159et\u00ed ned\u011ble adventn\u00ed, kdy jsou povoleny kv\u011btiny, a liturgickou barvou tohoto dne je r\u016f\u017eov\u00e1. I materi\u00e1l m\u00e1 svoji symboliku. Jehli\u010dnany symbolizuj\u00ed nesmrtelnost a trnovou korunu. Cesm\u00edna symbolizuje s\u00edlu a uzdraven\u00ed. Vav\u0159\u00edn symbolizuje v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed a osvobozen\u00ed. Ani ozdoby nejsou na v\u011bnci polo\u017een\u00e9 jen tak, i ony maj\u00ed sv\u016fj v\u00fdznam. \u0160i\u0161ky p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed nov\u00fd \u017eivot a vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n Hlub\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam m\u016f\u017ee adventn\u00ed v\u011bnec z\u00edskat po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00edm Je-li adventn\u00ed v\u011bnec po\u017eehn\u00e1n, u\u017e to nen\u00ed jen kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 p\u0159edv\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdzdoba – sp\u00ed\u0161e rodin\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee do jejich domu p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed s\u00e1m B\u016fh a \u017ee v\u0161echno rozporupln\u00e9 v ka\u017ed\u00e9m jednotlivci i ve vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdch vztaz\u00edch znovu spojuje v jednotu. Zelen\u00e9 sn\u00edtky adventn\u00edho v\u011bnce n\u00e1m mohou p\u0159ipom\u00ednat nepom\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivot, kter\u00fd n\u00e1m B\u016fh daroval vt\u011blen\u00edm sv\u00e9ho Syna. V\u0161echno vyprahl\u00e9 se znovu zazelen\u00e1 a o\u017eije. Sv\u011btlo adventn\u00edho v\u011bnce z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v temnot\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 se n\u011bkdy rozp\u00ednaj\u00ed i v na\u0161\u00ed du\u0161i, a teplo sv\u00edc\u00ed zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 na\u0161e vychladl\u00e1 srdce. V\u011bnec je od nepam\u011bti symbolem v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed a kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 d\u016fstojnosti. Ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, kdo v\u011brn\u011b a s l\u00e1skou vyhl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed p\u0159\u00edchod P\u00e1n\u011b, bude p\u0159ed\u00e1n v\u011bnec spravedlnosti, v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00fd v\u011bnec \u017eivota.<\/p>\n Na prvn\u00ed adventn\u00ed ned\u011bli zapalujeme prvn\u00ed fialovou sv\u00ed\u010dku, zvanou sv\u00edci prorok\u016f. Tato sv\u00ed\u010dka je pam\u00e1tkou na proroky, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bli narozen\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista. Na druhou adventn\u00ed ned\u011bli zapalujeme druhou fialovou sv\u00ed\u010dku,zvanou betl\u00e9mskou, kter\u00e1 reprezentuje l\u00e1sku a p\u0159edstavuje Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161kovy jesli\u010dky. Na t\u0159et\u00ed adventn\u00ed ned\u011bli zapalujeme r\u016f\u017eovou sv\u00edci,kterou naz\u00fdv\u00e1me past\u00fd\u0159skou, kter\u00e1 vyjad\u0159uje radost z toho, \u017ee postn\u00ed obdob\u00ed je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 u konce a adventn\u00ed obdob\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 slavnostn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed r\u00e1z. Na \u010dtvrtou adventn\u00ed ned\u011bli zapalujeme posledn\u00ed fialovou sv\u00ed\u010dku, and\u011blskou, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edstavuje m\u00edr a pokoj. \u010ctvrt\u00e1 adventn\u00ed ned\u011ble m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ipadnout na \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den. Konec adventu pak p\u0159edstavuje z\u00e1pad slunce \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e9ho ve\u010dera. V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00e1tky za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed Slavnost\u00ed narozen\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b neboli Bo\u017e\u00edm hodem v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm, 25. prosince. Advent b\u00fdval dobou duchovn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravy na V\u00e1noce, dobou rozj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed a dobro\u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n V t\u00e9to zimn\u00ed dob\u011b bylo nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zpracovat sklize\u0148, ovoce a zelenina se zpracov\u00e1valy hned p\u0159i sklizni, ale ml\u00e1cen\u00ed obil\u00ed se prot\u00e1hlo a\u017e na advent, stejn\u011b jako zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed lnu, konop\u00ed, d\u00e1le se dralo pe\u0159\u00ed, opravovalo zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 n\u00e1\u010din\u00ed, p\u0159ipravoval materi\u00e1l na jarn\u00ed opravy chalup. Byla-li ji\u017e tma, byl \u010das j\u00edt sp\u00e1t. M\u00e1lokdy se zdr\u017eeli p\u0159es tuto dobu. Nav\u00edc \u010das zimn\u00ed a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm adventu – to byl \u010das magie a duch\u016f, kter\u00fdch se v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed b\u00e1la a proto ji\u017e nikam po setm\u011bn\u00ed nevych\u00e1zela.<\/p>\n Advent byla doba, kdy m\u011bli lid\u00e9 nejv\u00edce \u010dasu na spole\u010densk\u00fd \u017eivot a tak se sch\u00e1z\u00edvali v\u017edy v jedn\u00e9 chalup\u011b a po\u0159\u00e1dali spole\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1stky, p\u0159i nich\u017e \u017eeny p\u0159edly nit\u011b (v\u00fdrob\u011b nit\u00ed a tkan\u00ed se \u017eeny kdysi v\u011bnovaly a\u017e do velikono\u010dn\u00edho p\u016fstu) a mu\u017ei je p\u0159i tom obveselovali historkami a p\u00edsn\u011bmi. Spole\u010dn\u00e1 posezen\u00ed se organizovala nejen z toho d\u016fvodu, \u017ee tuto pr\u00e1ci bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 nosit si s sebou a pov\u00eddat si u n\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 z \u00fasporn\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f (sv\u00edcen\u00ed a otop).<\/p>\n U\u017e v 16. stolet\u00ed zemsk\u00fd sn\u011bm v Praze vyd\u00e1val p\u0159edpisy k omezen\u00ed nebo i z\u00e1kaz\u016fm p\u0159\u00e1stek \u017een a d\u00edvek se spole\u010dnost\u00ed mu\u017e\u016f. Je\u0161t\u011b v polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed m\u011bli rycht\u00e1\u0159i podrobn\u00e9 instrukce, jak trestat p\u0159\u00e1stevn\u00edky. Ale proto\u017ee lid\u00e9 si stejn\u011b sv\u00e9 zvyky udr\u017eovali, poda\u0159ilo se vrchnosti i c\u00edrkvi pouze n\u011bkolik omezen\u00ed, a to, \u017ee se p\u0159\u00e1stky nekonaly ve dny sv\u00e1tk\u016f svat\u00fdch (Ond\u0159ej, Barbora, Ambro\u017e, Lucie, Mikul\u00e1\u0161, v\u00e1noce, T\u0159i kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 atd.) Ji\u017e na za\u010d\u00e1tku adventu nast\u00e1val na \u0160umav\u011b \u010das pro hr\u00e1tky, p\u0159\u00e1stky a dra\u010dky.<\/p>\n Ka\u0161perskohorsk\u00fd kronik\u00e1\u0159 Engelbert Panni popisuje p\u0159\u00e1stky na st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0160umav\u011b takto: \u201eKdy\u017e se venku stm\u00edv\u00e1, \u0160umava je zahalena do b\u00edl\u00e9ho h\u00e1vu, k zemi padaj\u00ed velk\u00e9 sn\u011bhov\u00e9 vlo\u010dky nebo \u0159\u00e1d\u00ed v\u00e1nice, je ve vytopen\u00e9 sv\u011btnici u velk\u00fdch kachlov\u00fdch kamen anebo peci velmi p\u0159\u00edjemn\u011b. Babi\u010dka vypravuje d\u011btem poh\u00e1dky a ve\u010der, p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed k hospodyni sousedky s kolovraty. Shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u00ed se kolem h\u0159ejiv\u00fdch kamen a p\u0159i sv\u011btle pl\u00e1polaj\u00edc\u00ed lou\u010de si p\u0159i p\u0159eden\u00ed pov\u00eddaj\u00ed. Vypr\u00e1v\u011bj\u00ed si v\u0161elijak\u00e9 historky, naslouchaj\u00ed p\u0159ed\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159e z bible a z kalend\u00e1\u0159\u016f a tak tr\u00e1v\u00ed zimn\u00ed ve\u010der a\u017e p\u0159ed p\u016flnoc.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Na \u0161umavsk\u00fdch <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":84477,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/02\/stara-sumava-advent-2.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84462"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=84462"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84462\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":84562,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84462\/revisions\/84562"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/84477"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=84462"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=84462"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=84462"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}