Po rozli\u010dn\u00fdch kalamit\u00e1ch tu pak jsou relativn\u011b mlad\u00e9 lesy, kter\u00e9 zhruba z poloviny tvo\u0159\u00ed potomci p\u016fvodn\u00edch les\u016f a z poloviny um\u011bl\u00e1 v\u00fdsadba. Lid\u00e9 na velk\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch vys\u00e1zeli smrky i tam, kde by mohli r\u016fst i jin\u00e9 d\u0159eviny. Bez p\u00e9\u010de by byly v budoucnu velmi nestabiln\u00ed a mohly by snadno podlehnout v\u011btrn\u00fdm nebo k\u016frovcov\u00fdm kalamit\u00e1m. P\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o lesy vys\u00e1zen\u00e9 p\u0159ed dvaceti a\u017e \u0161edes\u00e1ti lety.<\/p>\n
\u201eJe to takov\u00e1 \u010dasovan\u00e1 bomba. Jsou to toti\u017e velmi hust\u00e9 porosty s po\u010dtem a\u017e 3000 strom\u016f po hektaru. Ty tady spolu soupe\u0159\u00ed o m\u00edsto na slunci, velmi rychle rostou do v\u00fd\u0161ky a z\u00e1rove\u0148 se jim zkracuje koruna a maj\u00ed mal\u00e9 ko\u0159eny, co\u017e u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch smrk\u016f, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b jedl\u00ed, znamen\u00e1 vysok\u00e9 riziko vyvr\u00e1cen\u00ed i p\u0159i slab\u0161\u00edch poryvech v\u011btru. Je tedy vhodn\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017eit konkurenci mezi stromy, vytvo\u0159it jim v\u00edce m\u00edsta a zv\u00fd\u0161it jejich odolnost\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje n\u00e1m\u011bstek \u0159editele Spr\u00e1vy N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku Jan Kozel, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 na starosti lesn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n \u201ePodpora jednotliv\u00fdch strom\u016f ale nen\u00ed hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem z\u00e1sah\u016f. T\u00edm je zm\u011bna struktury porost\u016f a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed druhov\u00e9 rozmanitosti. Vys\u00e1zen\u00e9 mlad\u00e9 souvisl\u00e9 smrkov\u00e9 lesy na velk\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch znamenaj\u00ed velk\u00e9 plochy kompletn\u011b zast\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 p\u016fdy bez vegetace. Nerovnom\u011brn\u00e1 t\u011b\u017eba v t\u011bchto m\u00edstech p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed r\u016fzn\u011b hust\u00fd les s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi sv\u011bteln\u00fdmi podm\u00ednkami. V \u0159id\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech mohou po t\u011b\u017eb\u011b r\u016fst byliny i ke\u0159\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e9 d\u0159eviny, je\u017e poskytuj\u00ed potravu a \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b hmyzu, pt\u00e1k\u016fm i dal\u0161\u00edm organism\u016fm, kter\u00e9 v hust\u00e9m nep\u016fvodn\u00edm lese \u017e\u00edt nemohou.\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Jan Kozel.<\/p>\n Probl\u00e9mem, krom\u011b velk\u00e9 hustoty relativn\u011b tenk\u00fdch strom\u016f, je tak\u00e9 to, \u017ee p\u0159evaha smrk\u016f ned\u00e1 prostor jin\u00fdm d\u0159evin\u00e1m \u2013 buk\u016fm, javor\u016fm nebo jedl\u00edm, kter\u00e9 p\u0159irozen\u011b naru\u0161uj\u00ed monokulturu smrku. Pestr\u00e9 porosty s rozd\u00edln\u00fdm mikroklimatem jsou p\u0159edpokladem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed odolnosti. Cestou ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed jsou z\u00e1sahy spojen\u00e9 s t\u011b\u017ebou d\u0159eva. Spr\u00e1va za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 s aplikac\u00ed tzv. prob\u00edrek s variabiln\u00ed intenzitou, se kter\u00fdmi se v hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch les\u00edch nesetk\u00e1te.<\/p>\n \u201eJe t\u0159eba se inspirovat p\u0159\u00edrodou. D\u00edky tomu, \u017ee je na \u0160umav\u011b ponech\u00e1no bezm\u00e1la 25 procent plochy bez z\u00e1sahu, dnes vid\u00edme, jak se les s\u00e1m obnovuje. P\u0159\u00edroda nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159idla a tak je p\u0159irozen\u00e1 obnova nesoum\u011brn\u00e1, nejsou tu \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 stromo\u0159ad\u00ed. N\u011bkde je vid\u011bt jedin\u00fd stromek, kolem n\u011bho\u017e nen\u00ed v okruhu deseti nebo dvan\u00e1cti metr\u016f jin\u00fd. Jinde jsou zase vid\u011bt velmi hust\u00e9 shluky des\u00edtek v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch nebo men\u0161\u00edch stromk\u016f, kter\u00e9 mezi sebou vedou l\u00edt\u00fd boj o \u017eivot. V\u0161ude je nav\u00edc znateln\u00e1 hust\u00e1 bylinn\u00e1 vegetace a to je z\u00e1klad zdrav\u00e9ho, stabiln\u00edho porostu,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje profesor Jakub Hru\u0161ka, kter\u00fd je jedn\u00edm z propag\u00e1tor\u016f \u201enesoum\u011brn\u00fdch\u201c prob\u00edrek v mlad\u00fdch porostech.<\/p>\n \u201eJenom takov\u00fd les d\u00e1 \u0161anci i m\u00e9n\u011b pr\u016fbojn\u00fdm d\u0159evin\u00e1m, jako jsou na \u0160umav\u011b buky nebo jedle. Je tu v\u00edce pion\u00fdrsk\u00fdch d\u0159evin tedy je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f nebo b\u0159\u00edz. Imitovat p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed postupy je mo\u017en\u00e9 i v hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m lese, ale je\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed to je v les\u00edch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch park\u016f, kter\u00fdch bude v\u011bt\u0161ina v budoucnosti p\u0159evedena do ryze p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho re\u017eimu,\u201c<\/em> dopl\u0148uje.<\/p>\n Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 z\u00e1sahy v mlad\u00fdch lesn\u00edch porostech NP \u0160umava tak vypadaj\u00ed jinak, ne\u017e v jin\u00fdch les\u00edch. Prob\u00edrky s variabiln\u00ed intenzitou znamenaj\u00ed to, \u017ee v n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech se vyk\u00e1c\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b strom\u016f, jinde v\u00edce a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v nich vznikaj\u00ed tak zvan\u00e9 \u201ed\u00edry\u201c.<\/p>\n \u201eTo jsou m\u00edsta, kde se nech\u00e1 jen minimum strom\u016f. Ty propust\u00ed na zem mnohem v\u00edce sv\u011btla, ale sou\u010dasn\u011b mohou r\u016fst osamocen\u011b a budou se sv\u00fdm vzhledem podobat solit\u00e9r\u016fm. Podobn\u00fdm t\u011bm, kter\u00e9 zn\u00e1me t\u0159eba z Kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u00ed. Nav\u00edc se zde ponech\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u011bkolik stoj\u00edc\u00edch pah\u00fdl\u016f, kter\u00e9 zajist\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost mrtv\u00e9ho d\u0159eva. To je dal\u0161\u00ed rozd\u00edl od z\u00e1sah\u016f v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m lese. Mrtv\u00e9 d\u0159evo poskytuje prostor a \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00edm organism\u016fm, hmyzu, houb\u00e1m i pt\u00e1k\u016fm. D\u00edry mohou slou\u017eit nap\u0159\u00edklad i tet\u0159ev\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed souvisl\u00fd hust\u00fd les nevyhled\u00e1vaj\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> uv\u00e1d\u00ed n\u00e1m\u011bstek Jan Kozel.<\/p>\n Pro tuto \u010dinnost vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 Spr\u00e1va N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku \u0160umava dodavatelsk\u00e9 firmy, kter\u00e9 disponuj\u00ed \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lou t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed a dopravn\u00ed mechanizace, od jednotliv\u00fdch d\u0159evorubc\u016f s pilami a ko\u0148sk\u00fdmi potahy a\u017e po harvestory a vyv\u00e1\u017eec\u00ed soupravy. “T\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed a dopravn\u00ed mechanizaci vol\u00edme v\u017edy s ohledem na stanovi\u0161t\u011b. V mlad\u00fdch lesn\u00edch porostech, zejm\u00e9na kv\u016fli \u0161etrnosti, rychlosti, finan\u010dn\u00edm n\u00e1klad\u016fm a efektivit\u011b, d\u00e1v\u00e1me v\u011bt\u0161inou p\u0159ednost mechanizovan\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eb\u011b p\u0159ed t\u011b\u017ebou ru\u010dn\u00ed a vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed vezen\u00edm p\u0159ed vle\u010den\u00edm po zemi,\u201c<\/em> vyjmenov\u00e1v\u00e1 Jan Kozel.<\/p>\n \u201eP\u0159i realizaci managementov\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed spojen\u00fdch s t\u011b\u017ebou d\u0159eva v mlad\u00fdch porostech je vhodn\u00e9, aby t\u011b\u017een\u00e9 a vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed nepo\u0161kozovalo stoj\u00edc\u00ed stromy. Proto se mus\u00ed stromy na\u0159ezat na kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti tzv. sortimenty, kter\u00e9 p\u0159i vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed neod\u00edraj\u00ed stromy. Pokud jde o po\u0161kozen\u00ed p\u016fdy, je dobr\u00e9 preferovat vezen\u00ed d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed p\u0159ed vle\u010den\u00edm. Harvestory v mlad\u00fdch porostech dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed pracovat beze\u0161kodn\u011b, dob\u0159e usm\u011br\u0148uj\u00ed stromy p\u0159i p\u00e1du, na m\u00edsta, kde se jezd\u00ed, kladou klest a z\u00e1rove\u0148 efektivn\u011b a rychle roz\u0159e\u017eou stromy na kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0159ezy. Ty se pak na lehk\u00fdch vyv\u00e1\u017eec\u00edch traktorech, laicky souprav\u00e1ch, vyv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed a na skl\u00e1dce vyt\u0159\u00edd\u00ed tak, aby se co nejv\u00fdhodn\u011bji mohli prodat,\u201c<\/em> uv\u00e1d\u00ed docent Ji\u0159\u00ed Dvo\u0159\u00e1k, kter\u00fd se na \u010cesk\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b v Praze dlouhodob\u011b zab\u00fdv\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm technologi\u00ed p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u0159eva.<\/p>\n Spr\u00e1va N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku prov\u00e1d\u00ed z\u00e1sahy v mlad\u00fdch porostech ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e u\u017e t\u0159et\u00edm rokem. Pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eby jsou tak prov\u00e1d\u011bny pouze v porostech do osmdes\u00e1ti let. V roce 2015 tvo\u0159ily 49 procent z celkov\u00e9ho objemu t\u011b\u017eeb, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b 70 000 m3.<\/p>\n V leto\u0161n\u00edm roce jejich pod\u00edl pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b p\u0159es\u00e1hne 50 procent, dohromady op\u011bt okolo 70 tis\u00edc m3.<\/p>\n \u201eTo m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek neblah\u00fd dopad na ekonomiku Spr\u00e1vy N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku \u0160umava. Oproti p\u0159edchoz\u00edm let\u016fm produkujeme p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b tenk\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed, nebo d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00e9 v\u011btrem \u010di k\u016frovcem. Proto\u017ee je chod Spr\u00e1vy z v\u011bt\u0161iny finan\u010dn\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00fd na v\u00fdd\u011blku z t\u011b\u017eby d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed, nen\u00ed ekonomick\u00e1 situace tak vesel\u00e1, jako t\u0159eba p\u0159ed deseti nebo i p\u011bti lety, kdy p\u0159i kalamit\u00e1ch bylo t\u011b\u017eeno hlavn\u011b tlust\u00e9 a star\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed\u201c<\/em> upozor\u0148uje \u0159editel Spr\u00e1vy N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku \u0160umava Pavel Huben\u00fd.<\/p>\n \u201eTo ale neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee bychom cht\u011bli tento trend m\u011bnit, naopak. V pr\u00e1v\u011b projedn\u00e1van\u00e9m pl\u00e1nu p\u00e9\u010de m\u00e1me stanoven\u00fd prostor, kter\u00fd chceme p\u0159ipravit na ponech\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm z\u00e1kon\u016fm za cca 15 let. Tak\u017ee v mlad\u00fdch porostech tohoto prostoru \u2013 tam, kde bylo hojn\u011b s\u00e1zeno – p\u0159iprav\u00edme p\u016fvodn\u011b hospod\u00e1\u0159sky vys\u00e1zen\u00fd les na budouc\u00ed p\u0159evod do ryze p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho managementu. Na\u0161e zisky z lesa tak budou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b rok od roku klesat a tak bude nutn\u00e9 p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let nad jinou formou financov\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed Spr\u00e1vy,\u201c<\/em> zakon\u010duje \u0159editel Pavel Huben\u00fd<\/p>\n (tznp\u0161)<\/strong><\/p>\n Ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto: archiv redakce Za kr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Vimperk<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Lesy N\u00e1rodn\u00edho <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":67489,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/09\/\u0161umava-1.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80264"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=80264"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80264\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":80314,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80264\/revisions\/80314"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/67489"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=80264"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=80264"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=80264"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}