{"id":77100,"date":"2016-10-07T11:18:12","date_gmt":"2016-10-07T10:18:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=77100"},"modified":"2016-10-09T17:36:59","modified_gmt":"2016-10-09T16:36:59","slug":"stara-sumava-behute-vody-primo-nabizely-moznost-vyuzit-jich-pro-dopravu-dreva-z-hor-k-velkym-rekam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=77100","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: B\u011bhut\u00e9 vody nab\u00edzely mo\u017enost vyu\u017e\u00edt jich pro dopravu d\u0159eva z hor k velk\u00fdm \u0159ek\u00e1m"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Star\u00e1 \u010desk\u00e1 \u0159eka Vltava nesla d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed z jiho\u010desk\u00fdch les\u016f ji\u017e od 10. stolet\u00ed. Od 16. stolet\u00ed byla postupn\u011b splav\u0148ov\u00e1na od Bud\u011bjovic do Prahy a M\u011bln\u00edka, kde splynula s vodn\u00ed cestou labskou m\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed do Hamburku. V druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 18. stolet\u00ed se v\u0161ak st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b plavilo d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed jen od Vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho Brodu a po horn\u00ed Vltav\u011b do Lipna k \u010certov\u011b st\u011bn\u011b na za\u010d\u00e1tku skalnat\u00fdch a divok\u00fdch \u010certov\u00fdch proud\u016f.<\/h6>\n

“Zde se plovouc\u00ed d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed zastavuje, t\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed o \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed valouny a jeho pravideln\u00e1 plavba je naprosto nemo\u017en\u00e1. Proto jsou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u011b \u0161ikm\u00fdm sm\u011brem zara\u017eeny do \u0159e\u010di\u0161t\u011b jehly (piloty) v jak\u00e9s vzd\u00e1lenosti od sebe. U t\u011bch se plovouc\u00ed d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed lap\u00e1; jest to tak zvan\u00fd Lipensk\u00fd zdvih \u010dili lap\u00e1k. Vory p\u0159itahuj\u00ed se u lap\u00e1ku na v\u00fdto\u0148 mohutn\u00fdmi \u017eelezn\u00fdmi h\u00e1ky, rozeb\u00edraj\u00ed se, nakl\u00e1daj\u00ed se na hojn\u011b se st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed povozy, jedouc\u00ed do Vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho Brodu nebo tamo; denn\u011b zajist\u00e9 p\u0159es dv\u011b st\u011b voz\u016f. U silnice nen\u00ed krom\u011b hospody, kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00edch kon\u00edren a kov\u00e1rny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 staven\u00ed. Vesni\u010dka Lipn\u00e9 le\u017e\u00ed o n\u011bco v\u00fd\u0161e nad vodou”.<\/em><\/p>\n

Prof. Ing. Josef Hons o kan\u00e1le napsal:<\/strong> Voda a d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed, dva spole\u010dn\u00e9 znaky krumlovsk\u00e9ho panstv\u00ed mocn\u00e9ho a bohat\u00e9ho rodu jiho\u010desk\u00fdch Schwarzenberk\u016f, se staly koncem 18. stolet\u00ed symboly jedine\u010dn\u00e9ho plavebn\u00edho kan\u00e1lu \u010di pr\u016fplavu veden\u00e9ho z povod\u00ed Vltavy \u00fabo\u010d\u00edm \u0160umavy do Horn\u00edch Rakous. Z obrovsk\u00e9 rozlohy hornat\u00e9ho krumlovsk\u00e9ho panstv\u00ed zauj\u00edmaly asi t\u0159etinu lesy, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00ed. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u0161umavsk\u00e9 hvozdy byly velikou z\u00e1sob\u00e1rnou d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed – \u0161lo v\u0161ak o to dopravit je levn\u011b jako palivo tam, kde je o n\u011b z\u00e1jem, tedy v t\u00e9 dob\u011b p\u0159es h\u0159eben \u0160umavy do Rakous, do c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 V\u00eddn\u011b.<\/p>\n

V nep\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdch \u0161umavsk\u00fdch prales\u00edch padaly v bou\u0159\u00edch a polomech v\u011bkovit\u00e9 kmeny, tlely bez u\u017eitku na horsk\u00fdch svaz\u00edch a ve str\u017e\u00edch; p\u0159itom lid\u00e9 v podh\u016f\u0159\u00ed by za d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed na otop a stavby r\u00e1di dob\u0159e zaplatili. Cesty v\u0161ak kon\u010dily na \u00fapat\u00ed hor a nezbylo, ne\u017e hledat pro dopravu \u0161umavsk\u00e9ho d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed jinou dopravn\u00ed cestu. \u0160umava byla nejen kr\u00e1lovstv\u00edm les\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 vod, opl\u00fdvala blaty, mok\u0159inami a ra\u0161elini\u0161ti, byst\u0159inami, potoky a pot\u016f\u010dky, napl\u0148ovan\u00fdmi dravou vodou z taj\u00edc\u00edch sn\u011bh\u016f na ja\u0159e, z de\u0161\u0165\u016f a bou\u0159\u00ed v l\u00e9t\u011b.<\/p>\n

B\u011bhut\u00e9 vody p\u0159\u00edmo nab\u00edzely mo\u017enost vyu\u017e\u00edt jich pro dopravu d\u0159eva z hor k velk\u00fdm \u0159ek\u00e1m: Sv\u00e9st tyto vodn\u00ed zdroje z n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed a potok\u016f do pr\u016fplavu, a po n\u011bm plavit polena a snad i kmeny. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b u\u017e \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm osudu vyr\u016fstal v m\u011bste\u010dku polo\u017een\u00e9m hodinku cesty od Krumlova chlapec, kter\u00fd pak za touto my\u0161lenkou \u0161el a \u0161el.<\/p>\n

Dunajsko-vltavsk\u00fd pr\u016fplav m\u011bl sv\u00e9 p\u0159edch\u016fdce, kte\u0159\u00ed hledali, jak spojit \u010deskou Vltavu s rakousk\u00fdm Dunajem. Zpr\u00e1vu o tom zachoval \u010desk\u00fd kronik\u00e1\u0159, znal\u00fd stavby rybn\u00edk\u016f, Jan Dubravius. Podle jeho D\u011bjin \u010cech byli vysl\u00e1ni ji\u017e za vl\u00e1dy Karla IV. na \u0160umavu m\u011b\u0159i\u010di, aby na\u0161li vhodn\u00fd sm\u011br takov\u00e9ho pr\u016fplavn\u00edho spojen\u00ed, dokonce se pr\u00fd u\u017e za\u010dalo stav\u011bt.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00fd, u\u017e konkr\u00e9tn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1vrh pr\u016fplavu p\u0159es \u0160umavu, p\u0159edlo\u017eil roku 1626 Albrecht z Vald\u0161tejna; vedl mezi \u0159ekou M\u00fchl, p\u0159\u00edtokem Dunaje, a na\u0161\u00ed Vltavou u Frymburka – a to u\u017e jsme zp\u011bt v krumlovsk\u00fdch rev\u00edrech.<\/p>\n

Po roce 1700 podal c\u00edsa\u0159i Leopoldu I. dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1vrh dunajsko-vltavsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fplavu (pro p\u0159epravu c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 soli a kupeck\u00e9ho zbo\u017e\u00ed) podnikav\u00fd nizozemsk\u00fd vodn\u00ed stavitel Lothar Vogemonte. Prozkoumal \u0161umavsk\u00e9 rozvod\u00ed a ur\u010dil t\u0159i mo\u017en\u00e9 trasy pr\u016fplavu: z bavorsk\u00e9ho Pasova na Dunaji \u0161umavsk\u00fdmi \u00fadol\u00edmi k Vltav\u011b (tedy trasu na\u0161emu vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed velmi bl\u00edzkou); z Lince, st\u0159ediska obchodu se sol\u00ed, \u00fadol\u00edm \u0159eky Feldaist do \u00fadol\u00ed Mal\u0161e u Bud\u011bjovic, nebo do \u00fadol\u00ed Vltavy u Vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho Brodu; z Krem\u017ee na Dunaji bl\u00ed\u017ee k V\u00eddni \u00fadol\u00edm \u0159\u00ed\u010dky Kamp k horn\u00edmu toku Lu\u017enice u T\u00fdna nad Vltavou. Tu pokl\u00e1dal za nejv\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e9 rozd\u00edly pr\u016fplavu hodlal Vogemonte p\u0159ekonat stovkami hr\u00e1z\u00ed a plavebn\u00edch komor – ty pokl\u00e1dal za vlastn\u00ed vyn\u00e1lez (nazval ho “Tajemstv\u00ed jak s lo\u010fmi proti proudu plouti”). Vogemont\u016fv n\u00e1kladn\u00fd n\u00e1vrh u c\u00edsa\u0159e Josefa I. neusp\u011bl, neusp\u011bly pozd\u011bji ani n\u00e1vrhy pr\u016fplavu dunajsko-vltavsk\u00e9ho od vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f doby terezi\u00e1nsk\u00e9, technicky ji\u017e dokonalej\u0161\u00ed, a skon\u010dily ve v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00fdch archivech. Teprve nyn\u00ed, koncem 18. stolet\u00ed, dostal skromn\u00fd dunajsko-vltavsk\u00fd pr\u016fplav pro plaven\u00ed oby\u010dejn\u00fdch polen \u0161anci d\u00edky \u0161umavsk\u00e9mu d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed pro V\u00edde\u0148.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/div>\n
Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/strong><\/div>\n
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