Spr\u00e1va N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku \u0160umava se loni zam\u011b\u0159ila na pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eby v\u00a0mlad\u00fdch lesn\u00edch porostech. Nahodil\u00fdch t\u011b\u017eeb k\u016frovcem napaden\u00fdch strom\u016f je toti\u017e nejm\u00e9n\u011b od roku 2007 a mlad\u00e9 lesn\u00ed porosty lesy ve v\u011bku do 40 a tak\u00e9 do 60 let jsou naproti tomu velmi hust\u00e9 a nutn\u011b pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed z\u00e1sahy.<\/p>\n
V\u00a0roce 2014 bylo na \u00fazem\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku \u0160umava vyt\u011b\u017eeno necel\u00fdch 23 000 m3 k\u016frovcem napaden\u00fdch strom\u016f, co\u017e je 54 % k\u016frovcov\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eby roku 2013. Dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 86\u00a0000 m3 p\u0159inesly pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eby v\u00a0p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b\u00a0mlad\u00fdch um\u011ble zalo\u017een\u00fdch porostech.<\/p>\n
Podpora stabiln\u00edch strom\u016f<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u201eV t\u011bchto les\u00edch se doposud kv\u016fli nahodil\u00fdm t\u011b\u017eb\u00e1m (v\u00edtr, k\u016frovec) t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nezasahovalo a je to opravdu velmi zn\u00e1t. Jsou velice hust\u00e9, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee znamenat v\u00a0budoucnu \u0159adu probl\u00e9m\u016f. Hust\u00e9 porosty jsou m\u00e9n\u011b stabiln\u00ed a h\u016f\u0159e odol\u00e1vaj\u00ed pov\u011btrnostn\u00edm vliv\u016fm i k\u016frovci,\u201c<\/strong> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 n\u00e1m\u011bstek \u0159editele Spr\u00e1vy NP \u0160umava pro lesn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my Jan Kozel.<\/p>\n \u201ePokud je mlad\u00fd, um\u011ble zalo\u017een\u00fd les p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 hust\u00fd, nemaj\u00ed stromy prostor pro zv\u011bt\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch korun. Pr\u00e1v\u011b velk\u00e1 a hlubok\u00e1 koruna znamen\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed odolnost proti v\u011btru, sn\u011bhu ale tak\u00e9 k\u016frovci. Hust\u00fd les nut\u00ed stromy r\u016fst p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychle do v\u00fd\u0161ky a sou\u010dasn\u011b nedostatkem sv\u011btla odum\u00edraj\u00ed spodn\u00ed v\u011btve. T\u00edm se koruny zkracuj\u00ed a stromy se pak snadno vyvrac\u00ed. Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby v\u00a0mlad\u00fdch porostech z\u016fst\u00e1valy smrky s\u00a0p\u011bkn\u00fdmi korunami a odstra\u0148ovaly se stromy, kter\u00e9 t\u011bm perspektivn\u00edm vad\u00ed,\u201c<\/strong> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Jan Kozel.<\/p>\n Zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed druhov\u00e9 rozmanitosti, vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u010casto se mezi hust\u011b rostouc\u00edmi smrky najde tak\u00e9 jedle nebo buk. Ty jsou podporovan\u00e9 v\u00a0prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b tak, \u017ee se okolo nich rovn\u011b\u017e vyt\u011b\u017e\u00ed smrky, kter\u00e9 je utla\u010duj\u00ed. T\u011b\u017eba tak podporuje druhovou rozmanitost, odolnost a stabilitu mlad\u00e9ho lesa. \u0158id\u0161\u00ed les znamen\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed prostor a v\u00edce sv\u011btla nejen pro d\u0159eviny, ale i jin\u00e9 organismy. T\u011b\u017eba v\u00a0mlad\u00e9m um\u011ble zalo\u017een\u00e9m lese tak podporuje i druhovou rozmanitost.<\/p>\n Doposud se t\u011bmto postup\u016fm nev\u011bnovalo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozornosti, a proto velk\u00fd d\u016fraz klademe na vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. Postupy p\u0159estaveb lesn\u00edch porost\u016f, krom\u011b jin\u00e9ho, konzultujeme s\u00a0p\u0159edn\u00edmi odborn\u00edky.<\/p>\n \u201eV\u00a0r\u00e1mci pracovn\u00edch cest nav\u0161t\u011bvujeme lesy, kde s\u00a0p\u0159estavbami lesn\u00edch porost\u016f maj\u00ed dlouholet\u00e9 praktick\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti. Byli jsme ve Schwarzwaldu, v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edkladn\u011b spravovan\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edch les\u00edch Bavorska, v rakousk\u00e9m Schl\u00e4glu a v\u00fdm\u011bna zku\u0161enost\u00ed prob\u00edh\u00e1 tak\u00e9 s\u00a0kolegy z\u00a0NP Bavorsk\u00fd les,\u201c<\/strong> vysv\u011btluje Jan Kozel<\/p>\n N\u011bkde pily n\u011bkde harvestor<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Spr\u00e1va pro pr\u00e1ce v\u00a0les\u00edch vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jak d\u0159evorubc\u016f s\u00a0pilou, vyv\u00e1\u017eec\u00edch souprav, \u017eelezn\u00fdch i \u017eiv\u00fdch ko\u0148\u016f, tak i harvestor\u016f.<\/p>\n \u201eBez harvestor\u016f se neobejdeme, proto\u017ee je pot\u0159eba zasahovat v\u00a0mnoha mlad\u00fdch porostech. Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me je tedy tam, kde to je s\u00a0ohledem na ter\u00e9nn\u00ed a stanovi\u0161tn\u00ed podm\u00ednky vhodn\u00e9. V\u00fdbornou vlastnost\u00ed je jejich rychlost a n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci ani \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9 tak nejsou obt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1ni hlukem p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouho. T\u011b\u017eby v\u00a0mlad\u00fdch porostech motorov\u00fdmi pilami jsou dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed a trvaj\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10kr\u00e1t d\u00e9le ne\u017e harvestorem. To, \u017ee stromy k\u00e1c\u00ed stroj, v\u016fbec neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee je to ne\u0161etrn\u00e9. Harvestor zkr\u00e1t\u00ed kmeny tak, aby se mohly vyv\u00e1\u017eet na podvozku p\u0159ibli\u017eovac\u00edch souprav. To je mnohem \u0161etrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e kdy\u017e se d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed tah\u00e1 po zemi. A nav\u00edc harvestor pod sebe d\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u011btve a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed p\u016fd\u011b ochrannou vrstvu.\u201c<\/strong> vysv\u011btluje Jan Kozel. Je v\u0161ak mnoho m\u00edst, kde se Spr\u00e1va NP \u0160umava neobejdeme bez motorov\u00fdch pil a kon\u00ed, a\u0165 t\u011bch \u017eiv\u00fdch nebo i \u017eelezn\u00fdch.<\/p>\n Podpora odborn\u00edk\u016f<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u201ePracovn\u00edci n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku dob\u0159e rozpoznali kapacitu p\u0159irozen\u00e9 obnovy \u0161umavsk\u00fdch les\u016f a jej\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro p\u0159estavbu smrkov\u00fdch monokultur ve sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9 porosty. Tento postup je nyn\u00ed t\u0159eba uplatnit a vyu\u017e\u00edt po cel\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku \u0160umava: c\u00edlen\u00fdmi uvol\u0148ovac\u00edmi z\u00e1sahy prolomit uzav\u0159en\u00fd z\u00e1poj smrkov\u00fdch monokultur, uvolnit p\u0159im\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9 a dosud potla\u010den\u00e9 d\u0159eviny, d\u00e1t jim prostor a t\u00edm vytvo\u0159it podm\u00ednky pro p\u0159irozenou obnovu. Tyto postupy je t\u0159eba za\u010d\u00edt realizovat i v mlad\u0161\u00edch porostech, kde se d\u00e1 postupn\u011b doc\u00edlit v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rozmanitosti v\u011bkov\u00e9 a prostorov\u00e9 struktury lesa, bl\u00edzk\u00e9 jeho p\u0159irozen\u00e9mu stavu,\u201c<\/strong> hodnot\u00ed z\u00e1sahy a postup Spr\u00e1vy NP a CHKO \u0160umava emeritn\u00ed profesor ekologie lesa university ve Wageningenu Josef Fanta.<\/p>\n \u201eZvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed strukturn\u00ed rozr\u016fzn\u011bnosti a napom\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm proces\u016fm je jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f managementu lesa v z\u00e1sahov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku. Lesn\u00edci zde aktivn\u00ed \u010dinnost\u00ed p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed ke zm\u011bn\u011b struktury lesa a vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed vhodn\u00fdch biotop\u016f pro celou \u0159adu organism\u016f. Intenzivn\u00ed z\u00e1sahy v\u00a0mlad\u00fdch porostech jsou zcela pat\u0159i\u010dn\u00e9 a nelze je posuzovat klasick\u00fdmi lesnick\u00fdmi m\u011b\u0159\u00edtky,\u201c<\/strong> dopl\u0148uje profesora Fantu docent Miroslav Svoboda, expert na ekologii lesa z\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 univerzity v Praze.<\/p>\n Letos bude Spr\u00e1va NP \u0160umava v\u00a0z\u00e1saz\u00edch v\u00a0mlad\u00fdch porostech pokra\u010dovat. \u00damysln\u00e1 t\u011b\u017eba se bude v\u00a0roce 2015 t\u00fdkat p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b um\u011ble zalo\u017een\u00fdch porost\u016f mlad\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u00edho v\u011bku, tedy maxim\u00e1ln\u011b do st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 80 let. Podle p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu by se m\u011blo celkov\u011b (v\u010detn\u011b nahodil\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eby) vyt\u011b\u017eit okolo 110 tis. m3.<\/p>\n (tznp\u0161)<\/strong><\/p>\n Foto:\u00a0\u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n ROSENKRANZ<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Spr\u00e1va N\u00e1rodn\u00edho <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7191,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/t\u011b\u017eba-d\u0159eva-3.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7188"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7188"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7188\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7255,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7188\/revisions\/7255"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7191"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7188"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7188"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7188"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}