{"id":52623,"date":"2016-03-23T15:15:32","date_gmt":"2016-03-23T14:15:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=52623"},"modified":"2017-04-21T06:54:35","modified_gmt":"2017-04-21T05:54:35","slug":"ceske-dejiny-system-opevneni-mel-uchranit-mladou-republiku-pred-nacistickym-nemeckem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=52623","title":{"rendered":"\u010cESK\u00c9 D\u011aJINY: Syst\u00e9m opevn\u011bn\u00ed m\u011bl uchr\u00e1nit mladou republiku p\u0159ed nacistick\u00fdm N\u011bmeckem"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed podm\u00ednek m\u00edrov\u00fdch smluv, p\u0159ekotn\u00e9 zbrojen\u00ed a neust\u00e1l\u00e9 zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed ze strany nacistick\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka znamenalo pro mladou \u010deskoslovenskou republiku v polovin\u011b t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch let moment, kdy bylo zapot\u0159eb\u00ed definitivn\u011b sjednotit a zaktualizovat obrannou strategii st\u00e1tu v\u016f\u010di nep\u0159\u00e1telsky nalad\u011bn\u00e9mu sousedn\u00edmu st\u00e1tu. Nutno podotknout, \u017ee ne\u0161lo o jedin\u00e9ho souseda, kter\u00e9mu bylo \u010ceskoslovensko trnem v oku<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vzhledem ke sv\u00e9 geografick\u00e9 poloze<span class=\"text_exposed_show\"> se \u010ceskoslovensko muselo ji\u017e p\u0159edem uch\u00fdlit k pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed defenzivn\u00edho veden\u00ed v\u00e1lky, nebo\u0165 hlavn\u00ed, respektive ofenzivn\u00ed \u00falohu, m\u011bla hr\u00e1t francouzsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da na z\u00e1padn\u00ed front\u011b. Pro zabezpe\u010den\u00ed dlouh\u00fdch hranic s N\u011bmeckem bylo rozhodnuto, \u017ee dojde k rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 v\u00fdstavb\u011b mal\u00fdch a velk\u00fdch betonov\u00fdch pevn\u016fstek a pevnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se budou navz\u00e1jem dopl\u0148ovat. P\u0159edlohou pro tuto v\u00fdstavu se stala francouzsk\u00e1 Maginotova linie.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"text_exposed_show\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Syst\u00e9m opevn\u011bn\u00ed se skl\u00e1dal z rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch p\u00e1s\u016f mal\u00fdch \u017eelezobetonov\u00fdch pevn\u016fstek 2 vzor\u016f (36 a 37) s mnoha specifick\u00fdmi modifikacemi, reaguj\u00edc\u00edmi tak na jednotliv\u00e1 m\u00edsta v\u00fdstavby. Hlavn\u00ed zbran\u00ed zde m\u011bly b\u00fdt lehk\u00e9 kulomety. Tyto p\u00e1sy byly v n\u011bkter\u00fdch hrani\u010dn\u00edch prostorech vyztu\u017eeny p\u011bchotn\u00edmi sruby a takt\u00e9\u017e d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00fdmi tvrzemi. Zde ji\u017e doch\u00e1zelo k vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9mu podzemn\u00edmu propojen\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch objekt\u016f tak, aby dok\u00e1zaly d\u00e9le vzdorovat nep\u0159\u00edteli. Tomu odpov\u00eddala i samotn\u00e1 v\u00fdzbroj, v n\u00ed\u017e lze nal\u00e9zt nejenom lehk\u00e9 kulomety, ale takt\u00e9\u017e kulomety t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9, minomety, protitankov\u00e1 d\u011bla atd.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 technick\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti a strategick\u00e9 pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bl na starost nov\u011b vytvo\u0159en\u00fd speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fatvar tzv. \u0158editelstv\u00ed opev\u0148ovac\u00edch prac\u00ed &#8211; \u0158OP (pr\u00e1v\u011b tato zkratka se stala z\u00e1kladem odvozen\u00e9ho a dnes ji\u017e kultovn\u00edho slova &#8220;\u0159op\u00edk&#8221;, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me p\u0159i obecn\u00e9m pojmenov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed mal\u00fdch \u017eelezobetonov\u00fdch bunkr\u016f z obdob\u00ed prvn\u00ed republiky). Toto opev\u0148ovac\u00ed centrum vzniklo pr\u00e1v\u011b 20. b\u0159ezna 1935 a v pr\u016fb\u011bhu nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch let se stalo jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a nejpo\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch slo\u017eek Hlavn\u00edho \u0161t\u00e1bu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vedouc\u00edm \u0159editelstv\u00ed byl jmenov\u00e1n divizn\u00ed gener\u00e1l Karel Hus\u00e1rek, kter\u00fd svou funkci zast\u00e1val a\u017e do osudn\u00e9ho podzimu 1938. Do t\u00e9 doby se poda\u0159ilo vybudovat z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st opevn\u011bn\u00ed, av\u0161ak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 op\u011brn\u00e9 body dobudov\u00e1ny nebyly a nebo nedo\u0161lo k jejich vyzbrojen\u00ed. T\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm \u00faderem do strategick\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed obrany se stal i an\u0161lus Rakouska v b\u0159eznu 1938, kdy se hranice s nacistick\u00fdm N\u011bmeckem je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila. Chlouba \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho obrann\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed tak na podzim 1938 nemohla a ani nebyla vyu\u017eita ke sv\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010delu, co\u017e bylo jasn\u00e9 i samotn\u00e9mu arm\u00e1dn\u00edmu velen\u00ed, nebo\u0165 dokon\u010den\u00ed opev\u0148ovac\u00edch prac\u00ed bylo pl\u00e1nov\u00e1no a\u017e v druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b \u010dty\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch let.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Text a foto: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/%C4%8CESK%C3%89-D%C4%9AJINY-1444344869218324\/?fref=ts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u010cESK\u00c9 D\u011aJINY<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-52623 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-medium'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?attachment_id=52624'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/21\/opevneni-300x225.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-52624\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/21\/opevneni-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/21\/opevneni-476x357.jpg 476w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/21\/opevneni-644x483.jpg 644w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/21\/opevneni.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-52624'>\n\t\t\t\tOdznak \u0158OP vyroben\u00fd v roce 1938, pouze mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed se poda\u0159ilo v\u011bnovat zaslou\u017eil\u00fdm pracovn\u00edk\u016fm, buduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010ds. opevn\u011bn\u00ed\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?attachment_id=52625'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" src=\"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/21\/opevneni-2-300x199.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-52625\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/21\/opevneni-2-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/21\/opevneni-2-100x65.jpg 100w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/21\/opevneni-2-539x357.jpg 539w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/21\/opevneni-2-729x483.jpg 729w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/21\/opevneni-2.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-52625'>\n\t\t\t\tP\u011bchotn\u00ed srub K-S 14 &#8220;U Cihelny&#8221;\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?attachment_id=52626'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/21\/opevneni-3-300x200.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-52626\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/21\/opevneni-3-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/21\/opevneni-3-536x357.jpg 536w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/21\/opevneni-3-725x483.jpg 725w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/21\/opevneni-3.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-52626'>\n\t\t\t\tP\u011bchotn\u00ed srub N-S 82 B\u0159ezinka\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?attachment_id=52627'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/21\/opevneni-4-300x200.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-52627\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/21\/opevneni-4-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/21\/opevneni-4-536x357.jpg 536w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/21\/opevneni-4-725x483.jpg 725w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/21\/opevneni-4.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-52627'>\n\t\t\t\tUk\u00e1zka pr\u016f\u017eezu \u0159op\u00edku vz. 37 a t\u0159\u00ed jeho modifikac\u00ed\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed podm\u00ednek 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