{"id":47348,"date":"2016-02-12T20:15:23","date_gmt":"2016-02-12T19:15:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=47348"},"modified":"2016-02-12T21:46:16","modified_gmt":"2016-02-12T20:46:16","slug":"ceske-dejiny-pred-dve-ste-osmdesati-lety-se-konala-svatba-cisarovny-marie-terezie-a-frantiska-lotrinskeho","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=47348","title":{"rendered":"\u010cESK\u00c9 D\u011aJINY: P\u0159ed 280 lety se konala svatba c\u00edsa\u0159ovny Marie Terezie a Franti\u0161ka Lotrinsk\u00e9ho"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Posledn\u00ed mu\u017esk\u00fd \u010dlen rodu Habsburk\u016f c\u00edsa\u0159 Karel VI. a jeho man\u017eelka Al\u017eb\u011bta Krist\u00fdna Brun\u0161vicko-Wolfenb\u00fctelsk\u00e1 m\u011bli dlouho probl\u00e9m v\u016fbec m\u00edt d\u011bti. A kdy\u017e se kone\u010dn\u011b za\u010daly rodit, byl to pouze jeden syn a po n\u011bm \u010dty\u0159i dcery, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e syn brzy zem\u0159el. I kdy\u017e si to rodi\u010de dlouho necht\u011bli p\u0159ipustit, stala se jejich nejstar\u0161\u00ed dcera Marie Terezie (narozen\u00e1 v roce 1717) v\u00e1\u017enou kandid\u00e1tkou n\u00e1stupu na otc\u016fv tr\u016fn, a tedy tak\u00e9 jednou z nej\u017e\u00e1dan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch princezen Evropy. <\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
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\u0160pan\u011bl\u0161t\u00ed Bourboni, kte\u0159\u00ed kdysi \u0160pan\u011blsko vyhr\u00e1li na Karlovi VI., se s n\u00edm cht\u011bli zase usm\u00ed\u0159it a d\u00e1t jeho dce\u0159i za mu\u017ee jednoho prince ze sv\u00e9ho rodu. To se v\u0161ak v\u016fbec nel\u00edbilo Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii, kter\u00e1 se b\u00e1la op\u011btn\u00e9ho bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho spojen\u00ed panovnick\u00fdch rod\u016f habsbursk\u00e9 monarchie, Svat\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 a \u0160pan\u011blska. Donutila proto Karla VI. k dohod\u011b, \u017ee si Marie Terezie nevezme nikoho z v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch panovnick\u00fdch rod\u016f Evropy. Karlovi VI. tedy nebyl proti mysli n\u00e1pad lotrinsk\u00e9ho v\u00e9vody Leopolda, aby si Marii Terezii vzal jeho star\u0161\u00ed syn Leopold Klement.<\/span><\/div>\n

\nTehdej\u0161\u00ed Lotrinsko bylo v\u00e9vodstv\u00edm mezi N\u011bmeckem a Franci\u00ed. Jeho \u00fazem\u00ed je dnes sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Francie a ta o n\u011bj usilovala u\u017e tehdy. Snad i proto lotrin\u0161t\u00ed v\u00e9vodov\u00e9 spolupracovali ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve \u00fazce s Habsburky a byli s nimi i s\u0148atkem sp\u0159\u00edzn\u011bni. Ji\u017e v roce 1724, tedy v dob\u011b, kdy Marii Terezii bylo teprve sedm let, do\u0161lo k rozhodnut\u00ed vypravit Leopolda Klementa do V\u00eddn\u011b, aby se tam \u201eaklimatizoval\u201c. B\u011bhem p\u0159\u00edprav na cestu v\u0161ak Leopold Klement ne\u010dekan\u011b zem\u0159el. Jeho otec se v\u0161ak nevzdal a nab\u00eddl c\u00edsa\u0159i Karlovi VI. pro jeho dceru sv\u00e9ho mlad\u0161\u00edho syna Franti\u0161ka \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na. Ten se tehdy do V\u00eddn\u011b skute\u010dn\u011b vypravil, a\u010dkoliv s\u0148atek nebyl zat\u00edm ofici\u00e1ln\u011b ohl\u00e1\u0161en. Franti\u0161ku \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1novi bylo tenkr\u00e1t patn\u00e1ct let a pr\u00fd byl okouzluj\u00edc\u00ed, tak\u017ee si brzy z\u00edskal sympatie dvo\u0159an\u016f. Ve V\u00eddni se d\u00e1le vzd\u011bl\u00e1val a st\u00fdkal se s c\u00edsa\u0159skou rodinou, tak\u017ee Marie Terezie si na n\u011bj zvykla a ji\u017e jako \u201epubert\u00e1ln\u00ed\u201c d\u00edvka se do n\u011bj hluboce zamilovala. <\/span><\/div>\n

\nPo p\u011bti letech, kdy Franti\u0161ek \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n pob\u00fdval ve V\u00eddni, zem\u0159el jeho otec a on s\u00e1m se tedy vydal na kr\u00e1tkou dobu do Lotrinska p\u0159evz\u00edt vl\u00e1du. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b pot\u0159eboval francouzsk\u00fd kr\u00e1l Ludv\u00edk XIV. naj\u00edt vhodn\u00e9 zaopat\u0159en\u00ed pro sv\u00e9ho chr\u00e1n\u011bnce, b\u00fdval\u00e9ho polsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le Stanislava Lesczy\u0144sk\u00e9ho, a p\u0159ipadl na to d\u00e1t mu Lotrinsko, kter\u00e9 by po Stanislavov\u011b smrti jaksi automaticky p\u0159ipadlo Francii. Franti\u0161ku \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1novi za to nab\u00eddl n\u00e1dhern\u00e9 italsk\u00e9 Tosk\u00e1nsko, kde vl\u00e1dl ji\u017e star\u00fd posledn\u00ed \u010dlen rodu Medici Giovanni Gaston. Pl\u00e1n se v\u0161em l\u00edbil, krom\u011b Franti\u0161ka \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na, ale pod hrozbou, \u017ee z jeho s\u0148atku s Mari\u00ed Terezi\u00ed nic nebude, se nakonec vzdal. Jeho potomci t\u00edm sice ztratili Lotrinsko, ale z\u00edskali Tosk\u00e1nsko, kde potom a\u017e do sjednocen\u00ed It\u00e1lie vl\u00e1dla vedlej\u0161\u00ed v\u011btev habsbursko-lotrinsk\u00e9ho rodu.<\/span><\/div>\n

\nS\u0148atku Franti\u0161ka \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na s Mari\u00ed Terezi\u00ed u\u017e pak nic nebr\u00e1nilo. Do\u0161lo k n\u011bmu tedy 12. \u00fanora 1736 ve V\u00eddni v augustini\u00e1nsk\u00e9m kostele. Snoubence, oba v b\u00edl\u00e9m, oddal pape\u017esk\u00fd nuncius (vyslanec), co\u017e urazilo v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9ho arcibiskupa, kter\u00fd se proto pod v\u00fdmluvou nemoci vzd\u00e1lil z V\u00eddn\u011b, aby nemusel b\u00fdt ob\u0159adu p\u0159\u00edtomen. C\u00edsa\u0159 musel tak\u00e9 intervenovat p\u0159\u00edmo u pape\u017ee, aby nuncius neodd\u00e1val vsed\u011b, jak si p\u0159\u00e1l. Po ob\u0159adu se konala v Hofburgu, hlavn\u00edm c\u00edsa\u0159ov\u011b v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9m s\u00eddle, hostina, kde vedle c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9ho p\u00e1ru sed\u011bli na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b novoman\u017eel\u00e9, na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b sestra a teta Marie Terezie. Ostatn\u00ed pouze p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017eeli.<\/span><\/div>\n

\nJak je v\u0161eobecn\u011b zn\u00e1mo, man\u017eelstv\u00ed bylo neoby\u010dejn\u011b \u0161\u0165astn\u00e9, harmonick\u00e9 a obda\u0159en\u00e9 mnoha d\u011btmi.<\/span><\/div>\n
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Text a foto: \u010cESK\u00c9 D\u011aJINY<\/a><\/strong><\/div>\n
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