{"id":42520,"date":"2019-12-31T14:35:57","date_gmt":"2019-12-31T13:35:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=42520"},"modified":"2021-01-01T00:38:26","modified_gmt":"2020-12-31T23:38:26","slug":"stara-sumava-trikralove-tradice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=42520","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: T\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00e9 tradice"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u0158adu adventn\u00edch a v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch sv\u00e1tk\u016f, tak povzn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00edch du\u0161i, uzav\u00edraj\u00ed po Nov\u00e9m roce Svat\u00ed T\u0159i kr\u00e1lov\u00e9. Ka\u0161par, Melichar a Baltazar t\u00e1hnou v houfu krajem, obch\u00e1zej\u00ed d\u016fm od domu v z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00e9m, pozl\u00e1tkem se t\u0159pyt\u00edc\u00edm od\u011bn\u00ed a nesou do rodin p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161eho \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a zdrav\u00ed.<\/h6>\n

Ten prvn\u00ed z nich nese na ty\u010di v \u010dele trojice betl\u00e9mskou hv\u011bzdu, kter\u00e1 jako by je vedla vp\u0159ed, druh\u00fd pohupuje kadidlem a \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed v\u016fni sv\u011bcen\u00e9 myrhy, ten t\u0159et\u00ed vzadu p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 dary a p\u00ed\u0161e k\u0159\u00eddou litery K+M+B nade dve\u0159mi jako po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed domu.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i “vykr\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed” dom\u016f sv\u011bcenou vodou v p\u0159edve\u010der (5. ledna) sv\u00e1tku T\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f (6. ledna) se modl\u00edval p\u011btkr\u00e1t Ot\u010den\u00e1\u0161 a p\u011btkr\u00e1t Zdr\u00e1vas Maria, aby t\u00edm bylo staven\u00ed a v\u0161echno v n\u011bm chr\u00e1n\u011bno od pohromy. Sv\u011bcenou k\u0159\u00eddou na z\u00e1rube\u0148 dve\u0159\u00ed vepsan\u00e1 p\u00edsmena K \u2020 M \u2020 B, jako inici\u00e1ly jmen svat\u00fdch T\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f Ka\u0161para (Kaspar), Melichara (Melchior) a Baltazara (Balthasar), musila b\u00fdt na Hromnice zase smaz\u00e1na, jinak by dr\u016fbe\u017e nesn\u00e1\u0161ela vejce, p\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno “zan\u00e1\u0161ela”.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i m\u0161i 5. nebo 6. ledna je proto \u017eehn\u00e1na (nespr\u00e1vn\u011b \u201esv\u011bcena\u201c) voda, kadidlo a k\u0159\u00edda, eventu\u00e1ln\u011b i zlat\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty. Voda byla v liturgii i v magii velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1, hlavn\u011b ta, kter\u00e1 se den p\u0159ed T\u0159emi kr\u00e1li v kostele posv\u011btila. Pokud j\u00ed bylo pot\u0159eba v\u00edc, sv\u011btila se i p\u0159ed kostelem na n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed v k\u00e1di. Lid\u00e9 ji pili, aby se ochr\u00e1nili p\u0159ed nemocemi. Tak\u00e9 ji nal\u00e9vali do kropenek, upevn\u011bn\u00fdch na st\u011bn\u011b dve\u0159\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edvali ji pak bu\u010f ka\u017ed\u00fd den, nebo aspo\u0148 v d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch chv\u00edl\u00edch \u017eivota rodiny, jakou byla svatba nebo dlouh\u00e1 cesta. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tak kropili prvn\u00ed f\u016fru p\u0159i sklizni anebo mal\u00e9 dobyt\u010de hned po narozen\u00ed, n\u011bkde p\u0159id\u00e1vali sv\u011bcenou vodu dobytku do krmen\u00ed. N\u011bkdy sta\u010dila i oby\u010dejn\u00e1 voda v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b. Kdo se do n\u00ed dok\u00e1zal cel\u00fd pono\u0159it, m\u011bl zaji\u0161t\u011bno pevn\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed na cel\u00fd rok.Voda se pak pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i ob\u0159adu kropen\u00ed lidu, kter\u00fd nahrazuje \u00fakon kaj\u00edcnosti a p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00e9mu jeho k\u0159est.<\/p>\n

Po T\u0159ech kr\u00e1l\u00edch se zase za\u010dalo s p\u0159eden\u00edm. D\u011bv\u010data chodila na p\u0159\u00e1stky, \u0159\u00edkalo se tomu “Rouckafahrt”. Ve sv\u011btnici, kde se p\u0159edlo, b\u00fdvali i ml\u00e1denci a starali se o z\u00e1bavu, sm\u00edch i n\u00e1\u0159ek, to kdy\u017e vym\u011bnili d\u011bv\u010dat\u016fm kolovrat nebo koudel anebo kdy\u017e ti zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b rozpustil\u00ed dokonce koudel zap\u00e1lili.<\/p>\n

Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, \u017ee jde o inici\u00e1ly jmen T\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f – Ka\u0161para, Melichara a Baltazara, je v\u0161ak \u0161patn\u00e9. P\u00edsmena znamenaj\u00ed P\u00e1n (nebo Kristus) \u017eehnej tomuto domu. K zastupuje Krista, nebo tak\u00e9 \u0159eckou podobu p\u00e1na Kurios, M je obydl\u00ed – latinsky mansionem a B a\u0165 \u017eehn\u00e1 = benedicet.<\/p>\n

Sv\u00e1tek t\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f i p\u0159edchoz\u00ed ve\u010der 5. ledna, naz\u00fdvan\u00fd Den sv\u011btel nebo Svatove\u010der sv\u00ed\u010dek, byly pln\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00fdch pov\u011bre\u010dn\u00fdch praktik a oby\u010dej\u016f, navazuj\u00edc\u00edch na v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed. Zapalovaly se stejn\u011b vysok\u00e9 sv\u00ed\u010dky a nechaly se sho\u0159et. Kdy\u017e d\u00fdm vstoupal vzh\u016fru a plamen byl \u010dist\u011b b\u00edl\u00fd, znamenalo to, \u017ee majitel domova se dostane do nebe. Pokud byl plamen nerovn\u00fd a d\u00fdm sm\u011b\u0159oval k zemi, bude na n\u011bho \u010dekat peklo.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed tradic\u00ed bylo, \u017ee svobodn\u00e9, mlad\u00e9 d\u00edvky se om\u00fdvaly sn\u011bhem, je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed v\u00fdchodem slunce, aby po cel\u00fd rok m\u011bli \u010distou jasnou ple\u0165, byly zdrav\u00e9, kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 jako Panna Maria.T\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lovou obch\u016fzku kon\u010dil \u010das v\u00e1noc, \u010das pln\u00fd kouzla, pokoje a m\u00edru. Teprve po 6. lednu za\u010dal nov\u00fd rok a mohl se rozto\u010dit koloto\u010d muzik, svateb a radov\u00e1nek masopustu.<\/p>\n

Pokud v\u00e1m tedy na dve\u0159e zaklepaj\u00ed koledn\u00edci, uv\u00edtejte je s radost\u00ed a mal\u00fdm poho\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm. V\u017edy\u0165 oni jsou poselstv\u00edm zdrav\u00ed, l\u00e1sky a \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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