{"id":40102,"date":"2024-12-15T20:18:26","date_gmt":"2024-12-15T19:18:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=40102"},"modified":"2024-12-17T16:32:44","modified_gmt":"2024-12-17T15:32:44","slug":"stara-sumava-betlem-se-nekde-stavi-prvni-adventni-nedeli-a-uchovava-se-do-unorovych-hromnic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=40102","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: Betl\u00e9m se n\u011bkde stav\u00ed prvn\u00ed adventn\u00ed ned\u011bli a uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 se do \u00fanorov\u00fdch Hromnic"},"content":{"rendered":"
Je na \u0160umav\u011b star\u00fd oby\u010dej, \u017ee lid\u00e9 kolem V\u00e1noc stav\u00ed sv\u00fdm d\u011btem jesli\u010dky s betl\u00e9mskou st\u00e1j\u00ed a svatou Rodinou, s volkem, osl\u00edkem a ovcemi i v\u0161elijak\u00fdmi jin\u00fdmi figurami kolem. Vyst\u0159ihly se z pap\u00edru, nalepily na d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 \u0161pal\u00edky a postavily pak do mechu mezi okna nebo na prk\u00e9nko do rohu sv\u011btnice. Ve\u010der se v\u0161echno osv\u011btlilo sv\u00ed\u010di\u010dkou a bylo to divukr\u00e1sn\u00e9. Nejen snad d\u011bti st\u00e1ly p\u0159ed t\u00edm v posv\u00e1tn\u00e9m \u00fa\u017easu, ale i ti star\u0161\u00ed jako by byli n\u00e1hle op\u011bt mlad\u00ed a dok\u00e1zali se z toho t\u011b\u0161it. A\u017e na Hromnice putovala cel\u00e1 ta n\u00e1dhera zase na cel\u00fd jeden rok, schovan\u00e1 pe\u010dliv\u011b v krabici, nahoru na p\u016fdu.<\/strong><\/h6>\n
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Tak\u00e9 letos mohou lid\u00e9 vid\u011bt pap\u00edrov\u00fd betl\u00e9m ve v\u00fdkladn\u00ed sk\u0159\u00edni prodejny Antik v Ro\u017embersk\u00e9 ulici ve Vimperku \/ Foto: (red) – Za kr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Vimperk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

P\u0159i n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u00e1ch a cestou za n\u00e1kupy do v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch osad byly ke spat\u0159en\u00ed u kupc\u016f ve v\u00fdkladu obchodu pap\u00edrov\u00e9 vyst\u0159ihovac\u00ed jesli\u010dky, od kter\u00fdch nemohly d\u011bti spustit o\u010di a kter\u00e9 na\u0161ly velk\u00e9 zal\u00edben\u00ed i u obyvatel ze \u0160umavy.\u00a0V roce 1782 vy\u0161el edikt osv\u00edcen\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159e Josefa II. (1741\u20131790) nevystavovat v kostele betl\u00e9my jako \u201ezp\u016fsob p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed narozen\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b c\u00edrkve je ned\u016fstojn\u00fd a p\u0159\u00edmo d\u011btinsk\u00fd.\u201c<\/p>\n

V lidov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed z\u00e1kaz stav\u011bn\u00ed betl\u00e9m\u016f v kostel\u00edch zap\u016fsobil nesm\u00edrn\u011b pozitivn\u011b. Prost\u00fd lid, sedl\u00e1ci, \u0159emesln\u00edci a m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 si na betl\u00e9my zvykli, a tak je p\u0159est\u011bhovali do sv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edbytk\u016f.. Zru\u010dn\u00ed si je dok\u00e1zali sami vy\u0159ezat nebo namalovat a ostatn\u00ed jim d\u00e1vali mo\u017enost v\u00fdd\u011blku stejn\u011b jako truhl\u00e1\u0159\u016fm, student\u016fm a vyu\u010den\u00fdm mal\u00ed\u0159\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Nejlevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak si opat\u0159it betl\u00e9m, bylo zakoupen\u00ed pap\u00edrov\u00fdch ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch arch\u016f vznikaj\u00edc\u00edch d\u00edky se rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edmu knihtisku. Lid\u00e9 se ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b t\u011b\u0161ili na tuto pod\u00edvanou a po z\u00e1kazu jim nezbylo nic jin\u00e9ho, ne\u017e si postavit sv\u016fj betl\u00e9m doma. Ne v\u0161ichni byli zru\u010dn\u00fdmi \u0159ezb\u00e1\u0159i a po\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed hotov\u00e9ho betl\u00e9mu bylo velmi n\u00e1kladn\u00e9. Po ruce byl ale pap\u00edr a barvy. Lid\u00e9 si je vyr\u00e1b\u011bli sami, a to v proveden\u00ed mnohem pest\u0159ej\u0161\u00edm a v\u00edce figurov\u00e9m. Objevily se postavy venkovan\u016f, \u0159emesln\u00edk\u016f, ponocn\u00fdch i dom\u00e1c\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at. Po\u010det postav jde n\u011bkdy a\u017e do stovek a p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou lidi z doby, kdy betl\u00e9m vznikal, v dobov\u00fdch od\u011bvech a s v\u011bcmi, je\u017e sami pou\u017e\u00edvali.<\/p>\n

Betl\u00e9m se n\u011bkde stav\u00ed prvn\u00ed adventn\u00ed ned\u011bli a uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 se do \u00fanorov\u00fdch Hromnic. Zn\u00e1me ale tak\u00e9 tradici, \u017ee se stav\u011bl a\u017e na \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den. D\u00edky tomuto zdom\u00e1cn\u011bn\u00ed betl\u00e9m\u016f za\u010daly vznikat i u n\u00e1s betl\u00e9m\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 d\u00edlny. Krom\u011b origin\u00e1ln\u011b ru\u010dn\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch pap\u00edrov\u00fdch betl\u00e9m\u016f tu vznikla dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost \u2013 ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed arch\u016f s figurkami, kter\u00e9 se musely vyst\u0159ihnout, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b vybarvit. Nap\u0159\u00edklad u\u017e koncem 18. stolet\u00ed tiskl v Praze jesli\u010dkov\u00e9 archy Josef Jan Rudl, kter\u00fd m\u011bl tisk\u00e1rnu na \u201esvat\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky.\u201c Z tohoto vydavatelstv\u00ed zn\u00e1me nap\u0159. arch s \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed betl\u00e9mu z 60. let 19. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pap\u00edrov\u00e9 betl\u00e9my jsou lepen\u00e9 na tvrd\u00fd karton, vy\u0159ezan\u00e9 a stav\u011bn\u00e9 na r\u016fzn\u00e9 podstavce. K men\u0161\u00edm betl\u00e9m\u016fm pat\u0159\u00ed pap\u00edrov\u00e9 betl\u00e9my malovan\u00e9. Z historick\u00fdch betl\u00e9m\u016f p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00ed vy\u0159ez\u00e1van\u00e9 a pap\u00edrov\u00e9, z nich\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 byly ve sv\u00e9 dob\u011b vyd\u00e1ny jako reklamn\u00ed, nap\u0159. Otta m\u00fddlo nebo Brand cikorka, kuri\u00f3zn\u00ed je i prvorepublikov\u00fd betl\u00e9m s figurkou Masaryka coby svat\u00e9ho Josefa.<\/p>\n

Po\u010d\u00e1tek stav\u011bn\u00ed betl\u00e9m\u016f u n\u00e1s lze datovat do poloviny 16. stolet\u00ed, kdy betl\u00e9my stav\u011bli hlavn\u011b \u010dlenov\u00e9 Tovary\u0161stva Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ova (jezuit\u00e9), aby p\u0159ivedli \u010desk\u00fd lid zp\u011bt ke katolick\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e. Pod\u00edvan\u00e1 to tehdy musela b\u00fdt n\u00e1ramn\u00e1! Promy\u0161len\u011b seskupen\u00e9 figury v \u017eivotn\u00ed velikosti, oble\u010den\u00e9 do n\u00e1dhern\u00fdch rouch, musely nutn\u011b na v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka siln\u011b zap\u016fsobit.<\/p>\n

Pap\u00edrov\u00e9 betl\u00e9my se v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch objevily poprv\u00e9 kolem roku 1790. Nejd\u0159\u00edve \u0161lo o ru\u010dn\u011b kolorovan\u00e9 ocelorytiny, pozd\u011bji o litografie nebo d\u0159evotisk. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed tisky byly kolorovan\u00e9 jen \u010derven\u011b, mod\u0159e, zelen\u011b a \u017elut\u011b. \u00darove\u0148 pap\u00edrov\u00fdch betl\u00e9m\u016f u n\u00e1s stagnovala a\u017e do roku 1902, kter\u00fd je v tomto ohledu p\u0159elomov\u00fd. Mal\u00ed\u0159 Mikol\u00e1\u0161 Ale\u0161 toti\u017e vydal t\u0159i betl\u00e9mov\u00e9 archy a o dva roky pozd\u011bji \u010dtvrt\u00fd, \u010d\u00edm\u017e dal impulz, kter\u00fd spustil lavinu z\u00e1jmu mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch um\u011blc\u016f.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Je na <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":331842,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/14\/ram-betlem-sum.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40102"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=40102"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40102\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":331843,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40102\/revisions\/331843"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/331842"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=40102"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=40102"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=40102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}