{"id":38793,"date":"2023-12-01T10:09:03","date_gmt":"2023-12-01T09:09:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=38793"},"modified":"2023-12-26T23:41:26","modified_gmt":"2023-12-26T22:41:26","slug":"stara-sumava-svatek-svate-barbory-je-predzvesti-bliziciho-se-stedreho-dne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=38793","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9 Barbory je p\u0159edzv\u011bst\u00ed bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edho se \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e9ho dne"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u017divot lid\u00ed v minulosti m\u011bl pevn\u011bji dan\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d ne\u017e dnes. Tento \u0159\u00e1d byl dan\u00fd z\u010d\u00e1sti p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi podm\u00ednkami, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly vliv na zp\u016fsob ob\u017eivy, a z \u010d\u00e1st n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edm. Obdob\u00ed p\u016fstu st\u0159\u00eddala obdob\u00ed hodov\u00e1n\u00ed, obdob\u00ed tvrd\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce st\u0159\u00eddaly oslavy.<\/strong><\/h6>\n

My t\u0159i Barborky jsme,<\/em>
\nz dalek\u00e9 zem\u011b jdeme<\/em>
\na d\u00e1rky V\u00e1m neseme.<\/em>
\nNeseme, neseme, velice to kr\u00e1sn\u00e9,<\/em>
\na kdo se s n\u00e1mi modlit bude to mu je d\u00e1me,<\/em>
\na kdo nebude, tomu nalup\u00e1me.<\/em><\/p>\n

Advent prov\u00e1z\u00ed tajemn\u00e9 postavy Barborek, Mikul\u00e1\u0161e, Ambro\u017e\u016f, Luci\u00ed. Doba adventu s sebou nep\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ela pouze chv\u00edle rozj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed, ale v lidov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed i \u0159adu obch\u016fzek zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch a tajemn\u00fdch bytost\u00ed, spojen\u00fdch s nad\u00edlkou t\u011bm nejmen\u0161\u00edm \u010di naopak s jejich potrest\u00e1n\u00edm. Dlouh\u00e9 prosincov\u00e9 noci m\u011bly pro lidi v\u017edycky magick\u00fd n\u00e1dech. Proto to b\u00fdvala doba nadp\u0159irozen\u00fdch bytost\u00ed a jev\u016f. I to je d\u016fvod, pro\u010d se pr\u00e1v\u011b v tomto obdob\u00ed ust\u00e1lilo tolik tradic, pov\u011br a zvyk\u016f.<\/p>\n

Sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9 Barbory je p\u0159edzv\u011bst\u00ed bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edho se \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e9ho dne. Na den sv. Barbory vesnicemi se vych\u00e1zelo po ror\u00e1tech. Podle lidov\u00e9ho vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed je na zem spou\u0161t\u011bl z nebe svat\u00fd Petr po zlat\u00e9m provaze nebo po \u017eeb\u0159\u00edku. Slav\u00ed se pouh\u00e9 dva dny p\u0159ed svat\u00fdm Mikul\u00e1\u0161em a proto se mnohde stalo, \u017ee se tyto dva sv\u00e1tky slily a zv\u00edt\u011bzil zn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Mikul\u00e1\u0161. V obou p\u0159\u00edpadech se pou\u017e\u00edvaly masky a ob\u011b postavy rozd\u00e1valy d\u011btem d\u00e1rky.<\/p>\n

V 19. stolet\u00ed chod\u00edvaly na \u0160umav\u011b po domech Barborky – \u017eeny a d\u00edvky zabalen\u00e9 do b\u00edl\u00fdch prost\u011bradel \u010di \u0161at\u016f se z\u00e1vojem \u010di rou\u0161kou p\u0159es obli\u010dej, aby vzbuzovaly hr\u016fzu (b\u00edl\u00e1 je symbol \u010distoty a nevinnosti Barbory). D\u0159\u00edve se n\u011bkde objevovaly i s dlouh\u00fdmi rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdmi vlasy a v\u011bne\u010dkem na nich. Jinde m\u011bly \u017eeny jen pomou\u010den\u00fd obli\u010dej a dop\u0159edu p\u0159ehozen\u00e9 dlouh\u00e9 vlasy. V\u011bt\u0161inou chod\u00edvaly trojic\u00edch, z nich\u017e jedna nesla v ruce ko\u0161\u00edk s jablky, o\u0159echy a cukrov\u00edm na obdarov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed mal\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed, druh\u00e1 metlu na zlobiv\u00e9 d\u011bti. P\u0159ed domem zazvonily na zvonek nebo zaklepaly na okno a ti\u0161e vstoupily. Zazp\u00edvaly p\u00edse\u0148 o svat\u00e9 Barbo\u0159e, pod\u011blily d\u011bti a \u0161ly d\u00e1l.<\/p>\n

\u0158ez\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011btvi\u010dek t\u0159e\u0161n\u00ed – jde o kouzlo, jen\u017e m\u00e1 p\u0159il\u00e1kat slunce, aby na\u0161lo zase cestu k n\u00e1vratu. Jde o slunovratov\u00fd oby\u010dej. Takov\u00e1 barborka je v den zimn\u00edho slunovratu, a\u0165 u\u017e vykvete \u010di ne, ozdobena b\u00edlou ma\u0161l\u00ed a je nesena ob\u0159adn\u011b se v\u0161\u00ed \u00factou cel\u00fdm domem, chl\u00e9vy, aby po\u017eehnala v\u0161emu \u017eiv\u00e9mu a p\u0159iv\u00e1bila sv\u00fdm p\u016fvabem Slunce. Nakonec se vrac\u00ed na st\u016fl, na kter\u00e9m prob\u011bhne slunovratov\u00e1 ve\u010dern\u00ed hostina.<\/p>\n

V pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dob\u00e1ch se v\u00fdznam tohoto zvyku posunul a p\u0159ijal k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 prvky. Dostal jm\u00e9no Barborka po k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 sv\u011btici ze 3. stolet\u00ed, jen\u017e jako panna uv\u011b\u0159ila k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 zv\u011bsti a jej\u00ed otec ji za to s\u0165al me\u010dem. V tomto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu nalezneme analogii s tradic\u00ed mnohem star\u0161\u00ed, jen\u017e v panensk\u00fdch rozkvetl\u00fdch v\u011btvi\u010dk\u00e1ch t\u0159e\u0161n\u00ed uprost\u0159ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed temnoty a chladu nach\u00e1z\u00ed nad\u011bji na p\u0159\u00edchod slunce. Stejn\u011b tak, jako k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 tuto nad\u011bji vkl\u00e1daj\u00ed v narozen\u00ed Spasitele na \u0160t\u011bdr\u00fd den.<\/p>\n

Podle lidov\u00e9 tradice se 4. prosince s prvn\u00edm slune\u010dn\u00edm paprskem u\u0159\u00edzla v\u011btvi\u010dka z t\u0159e\u0161n\u011b star\u00e9 nejm\u00e9n\u011b deset let a odnesla se do domu, kde \u017eila neprovdan\u00e1 d\u00edvka. Pokud v\u011btvi\u010dka o \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e9m dnu rozkvetla, znamenalo to, \u017ee si d\u00edvka v nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm roce najde \u017eenicha. Pokud rozkvetla d\u0159\u00edve, ka\u017ed\u00fd den znamenal zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed lh\u016fty svatby o jeden m\u011bs\u00edc.<\/p>\n

Rozkvetl\u00e9 barborky tak\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed zimn\u00ed slunovrat. Ten postupn\u011b ukon\u010d\u00ed zimu, po kter\u00e9 p\u0159ijde jaro pln\u00e9 kvetouc\u00edch strom\u016f. \u0160umavsk\u00e9 tradice, op\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed se o v\u011bci podstatn\u00e9, tradice ch\u00e1pan\u00e9 tu dokonce jako cosi aktu\u00e1ln\u011b o\u010distn\u00e9ho. Mohli snad i jen tu\u0161it, co se se \u0160umavou a hlavn\u011b s jej\u00edmi “\u0161umavsk\u00fdmi lidi\u010dkami” pr\u00e1v\u011b po roce 1945 nadlouho, ba vlastn\u011b natrvalo stane? Tradice adventn\u00edch sv\u00e1tk\u016f n\u00e1m poskytuje pohledy v za\u0161l\u00fd, d\u00e1vn\u00fd sv\u011bt a odhaluje z\u00e1voj, kter\u00fd je tak hust\u011b zata\u017een kolem minulosti…<\/p>\n

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P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  \u017divot <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":292541,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/03\/ram-svatek-barbory.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38793"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=38793"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38793\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":292540,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38793\/revisions\/292540"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/292541"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=38793"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=38793"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=38793"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}