Chronick\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ledvin (CKD) p\u0159edstavuje rostouc\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed probl\u00e9m. Celosv\u011btov\u011b se jeho v\u00fdskyt odhaduje na 13,4 % populace a podle progn\u00f3z by se do roku 2040 mohlo st\u00e1t p\u00e1tou nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou \u00famrt\u00ed. V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice dnes pravideln\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed na dial\u00fdzu v\u00edce ne\u017e \u0161est tis\u00edc lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n
\u201eChronick\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ledvin m\u016f\u017ee dlouho prob\u00edhat bez v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f. O to d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je dostat jeho \u010dasn\u00fd z\u00e1chyt tam, kde jsou pacienti nej\u010dast\u011bji \u2013 do ordinac\u00ed praktick\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f. Ti sv\u00e9 pacienty dlouhodob\u011b znaj\u00ed a mohou v\u010das odhalit rizikov\u00e9 faktory i po\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Na\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem je, aby se pacient dostal k pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010db\u011b co nejd\u0159\u00edve a abychom dok\u00e1zali p\u0159edch\u00e1zet z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm komplikac\u00edm,\u201c<\/i>\u00a0\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Igor Karen, n\u00e1m\u011bstek ministra zdravotnictv\u00ed pro oblast prim\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de a prevence.<\/p>\n
Nov\u00fd metodick\u00fd pokyn Ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed, vydan\u00fd ve V\u011bstn\u00edku MZ, m\u00e1 sjednotit postup p\u0159i vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pacient\u016f s po\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm ledvin. U osob star\u0161\u00edch 50 let se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s kontrolou parametr\u016f funkce ledvin p\u0159i preventivn\u00edch prohl\u00eddk\u00e1ch jednou za dva roky, u pacient\u016f s vybran\u00fdmi rizikov\u00fdmi onemocn\u011bn\u00edmi \u010dast\u011bji. Z\u00e1kladem je vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed glomerul\u00e1rn\u00ed filtrace z krve a albuminurie z mo\u010di.\u00a0V\u010dasn\u00fd z\u00e1chyt p\u0159itom umo\u017e\u0148uje zah\u00e1jit l\u00e9\u010dbu je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed rozvojem z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch stadi\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.\u00a0Podle odborn\u00fdch dat m\u016f\u017ee v\u010dasn\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dby u pacient\u016f ve 2. a 3. stadiu CKD odd\u00e1lit pot\u0159ebu hemodial\u00fdzy v pr\u016fm\u011bru o 7 a\u017e 13 let.<\/p>\n
\u201eZ\u00e1sadn\u00ed je nemoc zachytit v\u010das a co nejd\u0159\u00edve zah\u00e1jit odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbu. Pacienti s pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00edmi stadii chronick\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ledvin nad\u00e1le pat\u0159\u00ed do p\u00e9\u010de nefrolog\u016f, ale velkou \u010d\u00e1st \u010dasn\u00e9ho z\u00e1chytu a p\u00e9\u010de o m\u00e9n\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 stadia mohou zajistit prakti\u010dt\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i. Dnes nav\u00edc m\u00e1me k dispozici l\u00e9\u010dbu, kter\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee progresi chronick\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ledvin v\u00fdznamn\u011b zpomalit. O to v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam m\u00e1, abychom nemocn\u00e9ho zachytili v\u010das,\u201c<\/i>\u00a0uv\u00e1d\u00ed Ond\u0159ej Viklick\u00fd, p\u0159ednosta Transplantcentra a Kliniky nefrologie IKEM.<\/p>\n
Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ledvin je p\u0159itom \u00fazce propojeno s diabetem a nemocemi srdce. Diabetes 2. typu v\u00fdznamn\u011b zvy\u0161uje ren\u00e1ln\u00ed i kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed riziko a diabetici tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou \u010d\u00e1st pacient\u016f l\u00e9\u010den\u00fdch dial\u00fdzou.<\/p>\n
\u201eDiabetes, onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ledvin a kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed nemoci nem\u016f\u017eeme vn\u00edmat odd\u011blen\u011b. Pacient \u010dasto trp\u00ed n\u011bkolika z nich sou\u010dasn\u011b. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 komplexn\u00ed prevence a l\u00e9\u010dba rizikov\u00fdch faktor\u016f,\u201c<\/i>\u00a0\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n Sva\u010dina, p\u0159edseda \u010cesk\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti J. E. Purkyn\u011b.<\/p>\n
Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed preventivn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstupu je rovn\u011b\u017e \u010dasn\u00fd z\u00e1chyt srde\u010dn\u00edho selh\u00e1n\u00ed. U rizikov\u00fdch pacient\u016f od 50 let se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00edm kardiomarkeru NT-proBNP podle algoritmu p\u0159ipraven\u00e9ho ve spolupr\u00e1ci \u010cesk\u00e9 kardiologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a Spole\u010dnosti v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed \u010cLS JEP. C\u00edlem je zachytit rizikov\u00e9 pacienty a po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed stadia onemocn\u011bn\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve a v\u010das zah\u00e1jit l\u00e9\u010dbu, kter\u00e1 sou\u010dasn\u011b chr\u00e1n\u00ed srdce i ledviny a sni\u017euje riziko dal\u0161\u00ed progrese a komplikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n
\u201eSrde\u010dn\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee dlouhou dobu rozv\u00edjet nen\u00e1padn\u011b. \u010casn\u00fd z\u00e1chyt rizikov\u00fdch pacient\u016f v prim\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159isp\u011bt k tomu, aby bylo srde\u010dn\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed diagnostikov\u00e1no d\u0159\u00edve a pacient se v\u010das dostal k \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010db\u011b.<\/i>\u00a0Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed srdce a ledvin jsou p\u0159itom \u00fazce propojena, proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 d\u00edvat se na rizikov\u00e9ho pacienta komplexn\u011b. V\u010dasn\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba m\u016f\u017ee chr\u00e1nit oba org\u00e1ny a odd\u00e1lit rozvoj z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch komplikac\u00ed,\u201c<\/i>\u00a0\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Ale\u0161 Linhart, m\u00edstop\u0159edseda \u010cesk\u00e9 kardiologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a l\u00e9ka\u0159 2. intern\u00ed kliniky \u2013 kliniky kardiologie a angiologie 1. LF UK a VFN v Praze.<\/p>\n
V\u00fdznamnou zm\u011bnou je tak\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed praktick\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f. Od 1. \u010dervence 2026 mohou p\u0159edepisovat glifloziny, tedy inhibitory SGLT2, vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v l\u00e9\u010db\u011b diabetu, chronick\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ledvin a srde\u010dn\u00edho selh\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n
\u201eMo\u017enost zah\u00e1jit \u00fa\u010dinnou l\u00e9\u010dbu p\u0159\u00edmo v ordinaci praktick\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159e zkracuje dobu mezi z\u00e1chytem rizikov\u00e9ho pacienta a zah\u00e1jen\u00edm terapie. Praktick\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 tak dnes m\u016f\u017ee nejen rizikov\u00e9ho pacienta v\u010das zachytit, ale v indikovan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech tak\u00e9 bez zbyte\u010dn\u00e9ho odkladu zah\u00e1jit l\u00e9\u010dbu. Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de tak z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1stroj, jak p\u0159edch\u00e1zet z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm komplikac\u00edm,\u201c<\/i>\u00a0\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Petr \u0160onka, p\u0159edseda Sdru\u017een\u00ed praktick\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f.<\/p>\n C\u00edlem Ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed je propojit prevenci, \u010dasnou diagnostiku a dostupnou l\u00e9\u010dbu tak, aby se chronick\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ledvin, srde\u010dn\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed a diabetes da\u0159ilo zachytit co nejd\u0159\u00edve. Pos\u00edlen\u00ed role prim\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de m\u00e1 pacient\u016fm umo\u017enit rychlej\u0161\u00ed cestu od prevence a diagn\u00f3zy k \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010db\u011b. V\u010dasn\u00e1 diagnostika a l\u00e9\u010dba mohou zpomalit progresi onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, odd\u00e1lit jejich z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky a sn\u00ed\u017eit riziko komplikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n (tz-mzd)<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Chronick\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":385932,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[179],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/16\/nove-mzd.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/385931"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=385931"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/385931\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":385933,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/385931\/revisions\/385933"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/385932"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=385931"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=385931"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=385931"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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