{"id":384642,"date":"2026-09-12T13:32:13","date_gmt":"2026-09-12T12:32:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=384642"},"modified":"2026-09-12T13:32:13","modified_gmt":"2026-09-12T12:32:13","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-o-skolni-brasne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=384642","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: O \u0161koln\u00ed bra\u0161n\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"

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M\u00e1 \u0161koln\u00ed bra\u0161ni\u010dko s pen\u00e1lem d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdm,<\/em>
\ns tebou jsem chod\u00edval zelen\u00fdm osen\u00edm.<\/em>
\nV tob\u011b jsem nos\u00edval v\u011bt\u0161ino jedni\u010dky<\/em>
\nk radosti tat\u00ed\u010dka, k radosti mati\u010dky.<\/em>
\nU\u010ditel Vo\u0159\u00ed\u0161ek d\u00e1vno ji\u017e pod drnem<\/em>
\nchoul\u00ed se v hrobe\u010dku v kab\u00e1tku chatrn\u00e9m.<\/em>
\nM\u00e1 \u0161koln\u00ed bra\u0161ni\u010dko s pen\u00e1lem d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdm,<\/em>
\njak se ti, Vo\u0159\u00ed\u0161ku, jak se ti odm\u011bn\u00edm?<\/em>
\nV\u0161e, cos m\u011b nau\u010dil, p\u0159ed\u00e1m te\u010f n\u00e1rodu,<\/em>
\nsem\u00ednka z bra\u0161ni\u010dky vydaj\u00ed \u00farodu.<\/em><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se dnes \u0159ekne p\u0159\u00edprava prv\u0148\u00e1ka do \u0161koly, \u010dlov\u011bk si p\u0159edstav\u00ed aktovku, pen\u00e1l, se\u0161ity, pastelky, p\u0159ez\u016fvky a seznam, kter\u00fd se b\u011bhem srpna podez\u0159ele prodlu\u017euje. P\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e stolet\u00edm vypadala stejn\u00e1 cesta do \u0161koly \u00fapln\u011b jinak.<\/h6>\n

Pot\u0159eba \u0161koln\u00edch aktovek p\u0159i\u0161la a\u017e v moment\u011b, kdy studenti za\u010dali nosit na v\u00fduku v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed pom\u016fcek. Dlouho tak studenti \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 aktovky nenosili a pozd\u011bji za\u010dali pou\u017e\u00edvat dr\u00e1t\u011bn\u00fd nosi\u010d, kter\u00fd jim bohat\u011b sta\u010dil na p\u00e1r knih. Zm\u011bna nastala a\u017e na p\u0159elomu 19. a 20. stolet\u00ed, kdy za\u010daly d\u011bti nosit na \u0161koln\u00ed pom\u016fcky a se\u0161ity jednoduch\u00e9 bra\u0161ny z pevn\u00e9ho kartonu, nebo k\u016f\u017ee. Z\u00e1le\u017eelo, z jak\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f \u0161kol\u00e1k poch\u00e1zel a jestli chodil do \u0161koly na vesnici, nebo ve m\u011bst\u011b.<\/p>\n

Pry\u010d je doba, kdy \u0161kol\u00e1ci chodili na vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed s ko\u017eenou bra\u0161nou, v\u011bt\u0161inou stejn\u00e9 barvy. S povinnou \u0161koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zkou vyvstala pot\u0159eba pravideln\u011b p\u0159emis\u0165ovat u\u010debn\u00ed prost\u0159edky z domu do \u0161koly a zp\u011bt. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku byla hlavn\u00ed \u0161kol\u00e1kovou v\u00fdbavou b\u0159idlicov\u00e1 tabulka s kam\u00ednkem na psan\u00ed. Se\u0161ity v dne\u0161n\u00edm slova smyslu vznikly a\u017e se zaveden\u00edm levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed strojn\u00ed v\u00fdroby pap\u00edru v polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed. Dom\u00e1c\u00ed \u00fakoly se tehdy zad\u00e1valy v daleko men\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e, proto se\u0161ity v\u011bt\u0161inou z\u016fst\u00e1valy ve \u0161kole. Psac\u00ed pot\u0159eby byly umis\u0165ov\u00e1ny do men\u0161\u00edch, pevn\u00fdch d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch pen\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n

\u0160koln\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d z roku 1870 stanovil, \u017ee knihy a se\u0161ity po\u0159izuj\u00ed d\u011btem rodi\u010de nebo z\u00e1stupci \u017e\u00e1k\u016f. Je\u0161t\u011b na konci 19. stolet\u00ed nebylo u\u010debnic mnoho a na jejich p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed sta\u010dilo sv\u00e1zat je \u0159em\u00ednky nebo um\u00edstit do dr\u00e1t\u011bn\u00e9ho dr\u017e\u00e1ku. Na vesnici bylo dlouho roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ko\u017een\u00fdch nebo textiln\u00edch bra\u0161en, levn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ta\u0161ek pleten\u00fdch ze sl\u00e1my \u010di jin\u00fdch dostupn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f. Chlapci m\u011bli bra\u0161ny p\u0159es rameno, d\u00edvky nosily ta\u0161ky v ruce.<\/p>\n

Se zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edm se po\u010dtem \u0161koln\u00edch pot\u0159eb byly z praktick\u00fdch a zdravotn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f k v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ko\u017een\u00e9 bra\u0161ni\u010dce p\u0159ichyceny \u0159em\u00ednky k no\u0161en\u00ed na z\u00e1dech. Tento zlep\u0161ov\u00e1k byl patrn\u011b inspirov\u00e1n tornami voj\u00e1k\u016f a k sou\u010dasn\u00fdm tvarovan\u00fdm popruh\u016fm m\u011bl daleko. V roce 1880 byla v denn\u00edm tisku inzerov\u00e1na \u201emodern\u00ed v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e1 \u0161koln\u00ed bra\u0161na s \u0159emenem pro hochy na z\u00e1da, pro d\u00edvky do ruky\u201c. Bra\u0161na nem\u011bla \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u011blen\u00ed na p\u0159ihr\u00e1dky ani postrann\u00ed kapsy. M\u00edsto toho d\u011bti \u010dasto nosily je\u0161t\u011b mal\u00e9, v\u011bt\u0161inou ko\u017een\u00e9 kabelky p\u0159es rameno. Podle fotografi\u00ed z po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed za\u010dala tak\u00e9 d\u011bv\u010data nosit bra\u0161nu na z\u00e1da.<\/p>\n

Ve 20. a 30. letech 20. stolet\u00ed p\u0159evl\u00e1dla m\u00f3da aktovek, ta\u0161ek do ruky. N\u00e1zev i tvar byly odvozeny od men\u0161\u00ed ta\u0161ky na spisy (akta), kterou p\u0159edt\u00edm nosili pouze advok\u00e1ti, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci. P\u016fvodn\u011b nem\u011bla dr\u017eadlo a nosila se v podpa\u017e\u00ed nebo p\u0159elo\u017eena v kapse svrchn\u00edku. Po vzniku \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 republiky se zv\u00fd\u0161il po\u010det \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f a ka\u017ed\u00fd nosil aktovku s dr\u017eadlem v ruce. Aktovky do ruky za\u010dali nosit tak\u00e9 \u0161kol\u00e1ci, zejm\u00e9na d\u011bv\u010data, ale najdeme je i u chlapc\u016f.<\/p>\n

Ve 30. letech 20. stolet\u00ed se objevuj\u00ed doporu\u010den\u00ed, aby m\u00f3dn\u00ed ta\u0161ku do ruky vyst\u0159\u00eddala op\u011bt prakti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bra\u0161na na z\u00e1da, kter\u00e1 \u201ed\u011btsk\u00e9 t\u011blo p\u011bkn\u011b nap\u0159\u00edm\u00ed a p\u0159i tom z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed ru\u010dky voln\u00e9.\u201c U men\u0161\u00edch d\u011bt\u00ed se skute\u010dn\u011b ke slovu znovu dostala bra\u0161na na z\u00e1da, ov\u0161em s dr\u017eadlem ve vrchn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti, tak\u017ee se dala nosit i v ruce. Pou\u017e\u00edval se pro ni i p\u0159enesen\u00fd n\u00e1zev aktovka. Star\u0161\u00ed studenti, a\u0165 nosili sebev\u00edc u\u010debnic a se\u0161it\u016f, aktovku do ruky opustit necht\u011bli. Pozd\u011bji ji vym\u011bnili za ta\u0161ky p\u0159es rameno.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> Helena Kov\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1, J\u00e1ra Cimrman – \u0160koln\u00ed bra\u0161ni\u010dka ze hry Smoljak, Sv\u011br\u00e1k – Dobyt\u00ed severn\u00edho<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  M\u00e1 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":385587,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/12\/ram-o-brasne.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/384642"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=384642"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/384642\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":385586,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/384642\/revisions\/385586"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/385587"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=384642"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=384642"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=384642"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}