{"id":383981,"date":"2026-08-27T13:39:10","date_gmt":"2026-08-27T12:39:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=383981"},"modified":"2026-08-27T13:40:57","modified_gmt":"2026-08-27T12:40:57","slug":"ceska-republika-mamuti-kosti-z-moravy-pomahaji-resit-desitky-let-starou-otazku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=383981","title":{"rendered":"\u010cESK\u00c1 REPUBLIKA: Studie v\u011bdc\u016f. Mamut\u00ed kosti z Moravy pom\u00e1haj\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it des\u00edtky let starou ot\u00e1zku"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Mamut\u00ed kosti z Doln\u00edch V\u011bstonic, Milovic a P\u0159edmost\u00ed pomohly objasnit, jak vznikaly jejich velk\u00e9 koncentrace na archeologick\u00fdch nalezi\u0161t\u00edch. Dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta z\u016fst\u00e1valo ot\u00e1zkou, zda se hromadily p\u0159irozen\u011b, nebo v tom hr\u00e1la v\u00fdznamnou roli lidsk\u00e1 \u010dinnost. Na studii publikovan\u00e9 v \u010dasopise Current Biology se pod\u00edleli tak\u00e9 v\u011bdci z Archeologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR, Brno. Do mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho t\u00fdmu p\u0159inesli znalost moravsk\u00fdch lokalit a jejich archeologick\u00fdch souvislost\u00ed.<\/h6>\n

Rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 akumulace mamut\u00edch kost\u00ed jsou jednou z charakteristick\u00fdch stop \u017eivota lid\u00ed ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b v mlad\u00e9m paleolitu. Samotn\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy kost\u00ed v\u0161ak dlouho nedok\u00e1zaly spolehliv\u011b uk\u00e1zat, zda jde o m\u00edsta p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho \u00fahynu, druhotn\u011b p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 poz\u016fstatky, nebo o v\u00fdsledek opakovan\u00e9ho lovu, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed mr\u0161in \u010di dal\u0161\u00edch lidsk\u00fdch aktivit. Nov\u00e1 studie spojila archeologickou dokumentaci s anal\u00fdzou archaick\u00e9 DNA a porovnala n\u00e1lezy z lidsk\u00fdch s\u00eddli\u0161\u0165 s poz\u016fstatky p\u0159irozen\u011b uhynul\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at.<\/p>\n

Do v\u00fdzkumu byly zahrnuty t\u0159i moravsk\u00e9 lokality \u2013 Doln\u00ed V\u011bstonice I, Milovice I a P\u0159edmost\u00ed I. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed v\u00fdznam maj\u00ed Doln\u00ed V\u011bstonice, kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed k nejl\u00e9pe zn\u00e1m\u00fdm mladopaleolitick\u00fdm s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edm v Evrop\u011b a jsou po n\u011bkolik generac\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011btem v\u00fdzkumu brn\u011bnsk\u00e9ho Archeologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu. Dlouhodob\u011b veden\u00e1 dokumentace a p\u00e9\u010de o archeologick\u00e9 soubory umo\u017enily propojit nov\u011b z\u00edskan\u00e1 genetick\u00e1 data s konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmi n\u00e1lezy. V r\u00e1mci v\u00fdzkumu se poda\u0159ilo lokalitu tak\u00e9 znovu otev\u0159\u00edt a z\u00edskat dal\u0161\u00ed materi\u00e1l pro rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy, jejich\u017e v\u00fdsledky se teprve zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eV\u00fdsledky t\u00e9to studie ukazuj\u00ed, jak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je vracet se ke star\u0161\u00edm archeologick\u00fdm soubor\u016fm s nov\u00fdmi metodami. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Doln\u00edch V\u011bstonic m\u00e1me k dispozici materi\u00e1l z\u00edsk\u00e1van\u00fd a dokumentovan\u00fd n\u011bkolika generacemi badatel\u016f. Teprve propojen\u00ed archeologick\u00e9ho kontextu s anal\u00fdzou archaick\u00e9 DNA n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje bl\u00ed\u017ee poznat chov\u00e1n\u00ed lid\u00ed i mamut\u016f v dob\u011b p\u0159ed zhruba 30 tis\u00edci lety,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Martin Nov\u00e1k, vedouc\u00ed Centra prehistorick\u00e9 archeologie a v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny v Doln\u00edch V\u011bstonic\u00edch z Archeologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR, Brno.<\/p>\n

Genetika odhalila v\u00fdrazn\u00fd rozd\u00edl<\/h6>\n

T\u00fdm analyzoval genomov\u00e1 data 521 mamut\u016f srstnat\u00fdch z Eurasie a Severn\u00ed Ameriky, z nich\u017e 448 jedinc\u016f bylo sekvenov\u00e1no nov\u011b. Sto mamut\u016f poch\u00e1zelo z jeden\u00e1cti velk\u00fdch akumulac\u00ed kost\u00ed spojen\u00fdch s lidskou \u010dinnost\u00ed a datovan\u00fdch p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b do obdob\u00ed p\u0159ed 30 000 a\u017e 20 000 lety. Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdci analyzovali dal\u0161\u00edch 421 mamut\u016f z m\u00edst, kde se jejich poz\u016fstatky nenahromadily v souvislosti s lidskou \u010dinnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Rozd\u00edl mezi ob\u011bma skupinami byl v\u00fdrazn\u00fd. Mezi mamuty z m\u00edst bez souvislosti s lidskou \u010dinnost\u00ed p\u0159eva\u017eovali samci \u2013 tvo\u0159ili 66,5 procenta, zat\u00edmco samice 33,5 procenta. V akumulac\u00edch spojen\u00fdch s lidsk\u00fdmi s\u00eddli\u0161ti byl pom\u011br t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 opa\u010dn\u00fd: 70 procent jedinc\u016f tvo\u0159ily samice a 30 procent samci. Takto odli\u0161n\u00e9 zastoupen\u00ed pohlav\u00ed podle autor\u016f ukazuje, \u017ee rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed roli p\u0159i vzniku rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch akumulac\u00ed mamut\u00edch kost\u00ed spojen\u00fdch s prav\u011bk\u00fdmi s\u00eddli\u0161ti hr\u00e1la lidsk\u00e1 \u010dinnost a v\u00fdb\u011br zv\u00ed\u0159at, nikoli pouze p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed procesy.<\/p>\n

Genetick\u00e1 data sama nerozli\u0161\u00ed, zda byl ka\u017ed\u00fd mamut uloven, nebo zda lid\u00e9 vyu\u017eili tak\u00e9 p\u0159irozen\u011b uhynul\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata. P\u0159\u00edm\u00fd lov mamut\u016f je sice z n\u011bkter\u00fdch lokalit dolo\u017een hroty zbran\u00ed v kostech, auto\u0159i studie v\u0161ak vol\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed formulaci o lidsk\u00e9m v\u00fdb\u011bru a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at. P\u0159evahu samic lze vysv\u011btlovat jejich men\u0161\u00ed t\u011blesnou velikost\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00edm st\u00e1d: skupiny samic s ml\u00e1\u010faty se mohly krajinou pohybovat pravideln\u011bji a p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u011bji ne\u017e samot\u00e1\u0159\u0161t\u00ed samci.<\/p>\n

Star\u00e9 sb\u00edrky p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed nov\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi<\/h6>\n

\u201eRozd\u00edln\u00fd pom\u011br samc\u016f a samic s\u00e1m o sob\u011b nevysv\u011btluje, jak koncentrace mamut\u00edch kost\u00ed vznikly. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd je a\u017e v kombinaci s archeologick\u00fdmi n\u00e1lezy a ter\u00e9nn\u00ed dokumentac\u00ed. D\u00edky nov\u00fdm metod\u00e1m se tak m\u016f\u017eeme vracet ke star\u00fdm sb\u00edrk\u00e1m a hledat v nich odpov\u011bdi na ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edve nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161it,\u201c<\/em> dopl\u0148uje So\u0148a Her\u010d\u00edkov\u00e1 z Archeologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR, Brno.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkum vznikl v r\u00e1mci mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho projektu MAMBA (Exploring Mammoth Bone Accumulations in Central Europe), jeho\u017e partnerem je Archeologick\u00fd \u00fastav AV \u010cR, Brno. Projekt spojuje archeology, genetiky a dal\u0161\u00ed specialisty a zam\u011b\u0159uje se na vznik koncentrac\u00ed mamut\u00edch kost\u00ed i jejich v\u00fdznam pro spole\u010dnosti lovc\u016f a sb\u011bra\u010d\u016f ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b. Nov\u00e1 studie z\u00e1rove\u0148 ukazuje, pro\u010d jsou dlouhodob\u00e1 p\u00e9\u010de o sb\u00edrky a p\u0159esn\u00e1 dokumentace stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 jako modern\u00ed laboratorn\u00ed metody: bez nich by nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 genetick\u00fd v\u00fdsledek spr\u00e1vn\u011b archeologicky interpretovat.<\/p>\n

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Text a foto: (tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  Mamut\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":383983,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[128,174],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/27\/mamuti-kosti-z-moravy-001.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/383981"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=383981"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/383981\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":383986,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/383981\/revisions\/383986"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/383983"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=383981"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=383981"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=383981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}