{"id":381015,"date":"2026-07-24T13:18:40","date_gmt":"2026-07-24T12:18:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=381015"},"modified":"2026-07-24T13:18:40","modified_gmt":"2026-07-24T12:18:40","slug":"vyroci-dne-pred-83-lety-24-cervence-1943-zacala-operace-gomora-nalety-britskeho-kanadskeho-a-americkeho-letectva-na-nemecky-pristav-hamburk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=381015","title":{"rendered":"V\u00ddRO\u010c\u00cd DNE: P\u0159ed 83 lety, 24. \u010dervence 1943, za\u010dala operace Gomora \u2013 n\u00e1lety britsk\u00e9ho, kanadsk\u00e9ho a americk\u00e9ho letectva na n\u011bmeck\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstav Hamburk"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u010c\u00e1st hambursk\u00e9 \u010dtvrti Eilbek po n\u00e1letech<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Operace Gomora byla rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 s\u00e9rie spojeneck\u00fdch n\u00e1let\u016f na Hamburk mezi 24. \u010dervencem a 3. srpnem 1943, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 kapacity m\u011bsta i jeho civiln\u00ed z\u00e1zem\u00ed. Hamburk tehdy p\u0159edstavoval druh\u00e9 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 centrum s lod\u011bnicemi vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00edc\u00edmi ponorky, rafineriemi a dal\u0161\u00edmi podniky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi pro v\u00e1le\u010dnou v\u00fdrobu.<\/h6>\n

Pl\u00e1n pod velen\u00edm britsk\u00e9ho mar\u0161\u00e1la Arthura Harrise po\u010d\u00edtal s kombinac\u00ed masivn\u00edch no\u010dn\u00edch \u00fatok\u016f britsk\u00e9ho Velitelstv\u00ed bombardovac\u00edho letectva (RAF Bomber Command), v jeho\u017e sestav\u011b p\u016fsobila 6. kanadsk\u00e1 bombardovac\u00ed skupina (No. 6 Group RCAF), a denn\u00edch n\u00e1let\u016f ze strany americk\u00e9 8. leteck\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy (USAAF).<\/p>\n

\u00dasp\u011bch prvn\u00edch n\u00e1let\u016f byl zalo\u017een na nasazen\u00ed ru\u0161\u00edc\u00edho prost\u0159edku Window, kter\u00fd v\u00fdrazn\u011b omezil \u00fa\u010dinnost n\u011bmeck\u00e9 protiletadlov\u00e9 obrany. Window tvo\u0159ily svazky \u00fazk\u00fdch staniolov\u00fdch p\u00e1sk\u016f o d\u00e9lce p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 26,5 cm, co\u017e odpov\u00eddalo polovin\u011b vlnov\u00e9 d\u00e9lky n\u011bmeck\u00fdch radar\u016f W\u00fcrzburg. Po vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z letadel se rozpt\u00fdlily v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e a na radarech vytv\u00e1\u0159ely rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 oblasti fale\u0161n\u00fdch odraz\u016f, tak\u017ee radary Freya a W\u00fcrzburg nedok\u00e1zaly rozli\u0161it skute\u010dn\u00e9 bombard\u00e9ry od ru\u0161en\u00ed. Luftwaffe tak nemohla \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b nav\u00e1d\u011bt no\u010dn\u00ed st\u00edha\u010de ani koordinovat palbu Flaku, co\u017e umo\u017enilo bombard\u00e9r\u016fm RAF proniknout nad m\u011bsto v kompaktn\u00edch formac\u00edch s minim\u00e1ln\u00edmi ztr\u00e1tami.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed n\u00e1let v noci z 24. na 25. \u010dervence zas\u00e1hl centrum a p\u0159\u00edstavn\u00ed oblasti, n\u00e1sledovan\u00fd denn\u00edmi \u00fatoky americk\u00fdch bombard\u00e9r\u016f B\u201117, kter\u00e9 i p\u0159es komplikace s kou\u0159em z no\u010dn\u00edch po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f c\u00edlily na lod\u011bnice Blohm & Voss, rafinerie a dal\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 objekty. RAF pou\u017e\u00edvalo kombinaci t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch trhav\u00fdch bomb, nap\u0159\u00edklad 4000libern\u00edch (cca 1814 kg) \u201eblockbuster\u016f\u201c, kter\u00e9 rozb\u00edjely st\u0159echy a konstrukce, a velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed z\u00e1paln\u00fdch bomb na b\u00e1zi ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku, fosforu a termitu. Tato kombinace byla navr\u017eena tak, aby otev\u0159ela budovy a n\u00e1sledn\u011b vyvolala rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1ry. Americk\u00e9 bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ale m\u00e9n\u011b plo\u0161n\u00e9; jeho \u00fakolem bylo doplnit no\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1lety RAF o \u00fadery na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 objekty.<\/p>\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty zp\u016fsobil n\u00e1let z 27. \u2013 28. \u010dervence, kdy kombinace such\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed, hust\u00e9 z\u00e1stavby a velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed z\u00e1paln\u00fdch bomb vyvolala ohnivou bou\u0159i. V d\u011blnick\u00fdch \u010dtvrt\u00edch, zejm\u00e9na v Hammerbrooku, se jednotliv\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1ry spojily do rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho ohniska s extr\u00e9mn\u00edmi teplotami a siln\u00fdmi vzestupn\u00fdmi proudy vzduchu. Ty vytv\u00e1\u0159ely vich\u0159ice o rychlosti p\u0159es 200 km\/h, kter\u00e9 znemo\u017e\u0148ovaly \u00fanik a zp\u016fsobily vysok\u00fd po\u010det ob\u011bt\u00ed. Teploty dosahovaly hodnot, p\u0159i nich\u017e se asfalt vzn\u00edtil, a v krytech doch\u00e1zelo k otrav\u00e1m oxidem uhelnat\u00fdm a rychl\u00e9mu vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed kysl\u00edku. N\u011bmeck\u00e1 civiln\u00ed obrana nebyla na takov\u00fd typ n\u00e1letu p\u0159ipravena; mnoho kryt\u016f v d\u011blnick\u00fdch \u010dtvrt\u00edch bylo improvizovan\u00fdch a nechr\u00e1nilo p\u0159ed \u00fa\u010dinky ohniv\u00fdch bou\u0159\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00ed no\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1lety na konci \u010dervence a za\u010d\u00e1tkem srpna byly m\u00e9n\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 kv\u016fli zhor\u0161en\u00e9mu po\u010das\u00ed a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 reorganizaci n\u011bmeck\u00e9 obrany.<\/p>\n

Celkov\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty se odhaduj\u00ed na 34\u201343 tis\u00edc mrtv\u00fdch, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b civilist\u016f, a v\u00edce ne\u017e milion obyvatel m\u011bsto opustil. Zni\u010deno bylo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 60 % bytov\u00e9ho fondu a rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti Hamburku byly prakticky srovn\u00e1ny se zem\u00ed. Operace potvrdila zranitelnost n\u011bmeck\u00fdch m\u011bst v\u016f\u010di plo\u0161n\u00e9mu bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed a stala se jedn\u00edm z precedens\u016f pro pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fatoky, v\u010detn\u011b Dr\u00e1\u017e\u010fan v roce 1945.<\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> Martin Midlebrook \u2013 Noc, kdy zem\u0159el Hamburk: Bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed Hamburku v roce 1943<\/p>\n

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FB \u2013\u00a0Karel OKT\u00c1BEC<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

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Jin\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky autora:<\/h4>\n

V\u00ddRO\u010c\u00cd DNE: P\u0159ed 52 lety, 20. \u010dervence 1974, obsadila tureck\u00e1 arm\u00e1da severn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st Kypersk\u00e9 republiky<\/a><\/h6>\n
V\u00ddRO\u010c\u00cd DNE: P\u0159ed 156 lety, 19. \u010dervence 1870, vyhl\u00e1sila Francie v\u00e1lku Prusku. Za\u010dala Prusko\u2011francouzsk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka, ve Francii \u010dasto ozna\u010dovan\u00e1 jako v\u00e1lka z roku 1870<\/a><\/h6>\n
V\u00ddRO\u010c\u00cd DNE: P\u0159ed 606 lety, 14. \u010dervence 1420, do\u0161lo na V\u00edtkov\u011b ho\u0159e v p\u0159edpol\u00ed pra\u017esk\u00fdch hradeb k \u0161arv\u00e1tce, kter\u00e1 v\u00edce m\u00e9n\u011b ukon\u010dila prvn\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017eovou v\u00fdpravu proti \u010desk\u00fdm husit\u016fm<\/a><\/h6>\n
V\u00ddRO\u010c\u00cd DNE: P\u0159ed 986 lety, 10. \u010dervence 1040, projela podle star\u00e9 pov\u011bsti lady Godiva na koni nah\u00e1 ulicemi anglick\u00e9ho m\u011bsta Coventry<\/a><\/h6>\n
V\u00ddRO\u010c\u00cd DNE: P\u0159ed 417 lety, 9. \u010dervence 1609, vydal c\u00edsa\u0159 Rudolf II. Majest\u00e1t na n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou svobodu (Majest\u00e4tsbrief), kter\u00fdm potvrzoval svobodu n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed v \u010cesk\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed<\/a><\/h6>\n
V\u00ddRO\u010c\u00cd DNE: P\u0159ed 83 lety, 5. \u010dervence 1943, zah\u00e1jila n\u011bmeck\u00e1 arm\u00e1da na v\u00fdchodn\u00ed front\u011b rozs\u00e1hlou \u00fato\u010dnou operaci s kryc\u00edm n\u00e1zvem Citadela<\/a><\/h6>\n
V\u00ddRO\u010c\u00cd DNE: P\u0159ed 160 lety, 3. \u010dervence 1866, do\u0161lo severoz\u00e1padn\u011b od pevnosti Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 k rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed bitv\u011b prusko\u2011rakousk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky<\/a><\/h6>\n
V\u00ddRO\u010c\u00cd DNE: P\u0159ed 112 lety, 28. \u010dervna 1914, byl v Sarajevu, hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b Bosny a Hercegoviny, sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n atent\u00e1t na arciv\u00e9vodu a n\u00e1sledn\u00edka rakousko-uhersk\u00e9ho tr\u016fnu Franti\u0161ka Ferdinanda d\u2019Este<\/a><\/h6>\n
V\u00ddRO\u010c\u00cd DNE: P\u0159ed 214 lety, 24. \u010dervna 1812, p\u0159ekro\u010dily prvn\u00ed odd\u00edly francouzsk\u00e9 \u201eVelk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy\u201c (Grande Arm\u00e9e) \u0159eku N\u011bmen a za\u010dalo nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed, jak\u00e9 Evropa do t\u00e9 doby poznala<\/a><\/h6>\n
V\u00ddRO\u010c\u00cd DNE: P\u0159ed 405 lety, 21. \u010dervna 1621, bylo na pra\u017esk\u00e9m Starom\u011bstsk\u00e9m n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed popraveno 27 p\u0159edn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f \u010desk\u00e9ho stavovsk\u00e9ho odboje<\/a><\/h6>\n
V\u00ddRO\u010c\u00cd DNE: P\u0159ed 84 lety, 18. \u010dervna 1942, za\u00fato\u010dili p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci SS, gestapa a n\u011bmeck\u00e9 po\u0159\u00e1dkov\u00e9 policie na pra\u017esk\u00fd chr\u00e1m sv. Cyrila a Metod\u011bje v Resslov\u011b ulici<\/a><\/h6>\n
V\u00ddRO\u010c\u00cd DNE: P\u0159ed \u0161edes\u00e1ti lety, 14. \u010dervna 1966, byl zru\u0161en c\u00edrkevn\u00ed Index librorum prohibitorum (Seznam zak\u00e1zan\u00fdch knih)<\/a><\/h6>\n
V\u00ddRO\u010c\u00cd DNE: P\u0159ed 84 lety, 9. \u010dervna 1942, obkl\u00ed\u010dily jednotky n\u011bmeck\u00e9 po\u0159\u00e1dkov\u00e9 policie (Schutzpolizei), bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed policie (Sipo) a wehrmachtu st\u0159edo\u010deskou obec Lidice a zah\u00e1jily t\u00edm jej\u00ed systematickou likvidaci<\/a><\/h6>\n
V\u00ddRO\u010c\u00cd DNE: P\u0159ed 592 lety, 30. kv\u011btna 1434, do\u0161lo ji\u017en\u011b od st\u0159edo\u010desk\u00e9 vesnice Lipany k rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed bitv\u011b poln\u00edch vojsk t\u00e1borit\u016f a sirotk\u016f s odd\u00edly kali\u0161nicko-katolick\u00e9 Pansk\u00e9 jednoty<\/a><\/h6>\n
V\u00ddRO\u010c\u00cd DNE: P\u0159ed 84 lety, 27. kv\u011btna 1942, provedli \u010deskosloven\u0161t\u00ed para\u0161utist\u00e9 Jozef Gab\u010d\u00edk a Jan Kubi\u0161 v Praze\u2011Libni atent\u00e1t na zastupuj\u00edc\u00edho \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e9ho protektora Reinharda Heydricha<\/a><\/h6>\n
V\u00ddRO\u010c\u00cd DNE: P\u0159ed 109 lety, 25. kv\u011btna 1917, do\u0161lo k v\u00fdbuchu v muni\u010dn\u00ed tov\u00e1rn\u011b \u0160kodov\u00fdch z\u00e1vod\u016f v Plzni<\/a><\/h6>\n
V\u00ddRO\u010c\u00cd DNE: P\u0159ed 408 lety, 23. kv\u011btna 1618, byli v pr\u016fb\u011bhu (v po\u0159ad\u00ed ji\u017e t\u0159et\u00ed) pra\u017esk\u00e9 defenestrace vyhozeni z okna sv\u00e9 kancel\u00e1\u0159e na Pra\u017esk\u00e9m hrad\u011b kr\u00e1lov\u0161t\u00ed m\u00edstodr\u017e\u00edc\u00ed<\/a><\/h6>\n
V\u00ddRO\u010c\u00cd DNE: P\u0159ed 80 lety, 22. kv\u011btna 1946, byl v pra\u017esk\u00e9 pankr\u00e1ck\u00e9 v\u011bznici popraven Karl Hermann Frank<\/a><\/h6>\n
V\u00ddRO\u010c\u00cd DNE: P\u0159ed 108 lety, 21. kv\u011btna 1918, do\u0161lo v severo\u010desk\u00e9m Rumburku k ozbrojen\u00e9 vzpou\u0159e voj\u00e1k\u016f 7. \u010dety 3. setniny n\u00e1hradn\u00edho praporu plze\u0148sk\u00e9ho st\u0159eleck\u00e9ho pluku \u010d. 7<\/a><\/h6>\n
V\u00ddRO\u010c\u00cd DNE: P\u0159ed 88 lety, 20. kv\u011btna 1938, byli povol\u00e1ni na mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 cvi\u010den\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci prvn\u00edho ro\u010dn\u00edku I. z\u00e1lohy \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 brann\u00e9 moci a star\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00edci ur\u010den\u00ed k aktivov\u00e1n\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f<\/a><\/h6>\n
V\u00ddRO\u010c\u00cd DNE: P\u0159ed 158 lety, 16. kv\u011btna 1868, byl polo\u017een z\u00e1kladn\u00ed k\u00e1men N\u00e1rodn\u00edho divadla<\/a><\/h6>\n
V\u00ddRO\u010c\u00cd DNE \u2013 14. kv\u011btna: P\u0159ed 710 lety, 14. kv\u011btna 1316, se v Praze narodil Karel IV.<\/a><\/h6>\n
\n

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