{"id":378244,"date":"2026-06-18T11:57:28","date_gmt":"2026-06-18T10:57:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=378244"},"modified":"2026-06-18T12:04:04","modified_gmt":"2026-06-18T11:04:04","slug":"ceska-republika-candati-maji-skvely-orientacni-smysl-po-nocnim-lovu-se-vraceji-domu-s-prekvapivou-presnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=378244","title":{"rendered":"\u010cESK\u00c1 REPUBLIKA: Cand\u00e1ti a jejich orienta\u010dn\u00ed smysl. Po no\u010dn\u00edm lovu se vracej\u00ed c\u00edlen\u011b op\u011bt na stejn\u00e9 m\u00edsto"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Cand\u00e1t obecn\u00fd \/ Foto: Ji\u0159\u00ed PETERKA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Cand\u00e1ti maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 obl\u00edben\u00e9 no\u010dn\u00ed lovi\u0161t\u011b, kam putuj\u00ed denn\u011b n\u011bkolik hodin na vzd\u00e1lenost a\u017e \u010dty\u0159 kilometr\u016f. P\u0159ed rozedn\u011bn\u00edm se pak c\u00edlen\u011b vracej\u00ed na stejn\u00e9 m\u00edsto. Tyto pozoruhodn\u00e9 naviga\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti cand\u00e1ta obecn\u00e9ho v jeho p\u0159irozen\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed popsali v nov\u00e9 studii v\u011bdci z Biologick\u00e9ho centra Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR. Pomoc\u00ed nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sledovac\u00edch metod uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee tento sladkovodn\u00ed pred\u00e1tor se dok\u00e1\u017ee i za tmy a n\u00edzk\u00e9 viditelnosti opakovan\u011b s vysokou p\u0159esnost\u00ed vracet na zn\u00e1m\u00e9 denn\u00ed odpo\u010dinkov\u00e9 m\u00edsto.<\/h6>\n

Cand\u00e1t obecn\u00fd pat\u0159\u00ed mezi b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 drav\u00e9 ryby na\u0161ich vod, jeho prostorov\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed v p\u0159irozen\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1valo jen m\u00e1lo prozkouman\u00e9. Naviga\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti ryb se dosud detailn\u011b studovaly p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v laboratorn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch nebo u mo\u0159sk\u00fdch migruj\u00edc\u00edch druh\u016f, jako jsou lososi \u010di \u00faho\u0159i. Nov\u00e1 studie v\u011bdc\u016f z Biologick\u00e9ho centra AV \u010cR pr\u00e1v\u011b publikovan\u00e1 v odborn\u00e9m \u010dasopise iScience v\u0161ak ukazuje, \u017ee i cand\u00e1ti mohou m\u00edt mnohem vysp\u011blej\u0161\u00ed orienta\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti, ne\u017e se dosud p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkum prob\u00edhal v \u00fadoln\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ei \u0158\u00edmov na \u010ceskobud\u011bjovicku, kde v\u011bdci n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f sledovali pohyb dosp\u011bl\u00fdch cand\u00e1t\u016f pomoc\u00ed vysokorozli\u0161ovac\u00ed akustick\u00e9 telemetrie. Tato metoda umo\u017e\u0148uje zaznamen\u00e1vat polohu ryb v kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch intervalech a detailn\u011b rekonstruovat jejich pohybov\u00e9 trasy.<\/p>\n

Sledovan\u00ed jedinci po n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f odpo\u010d\u00edvali p\u0159es den na jednom stabiln\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b. Za soumraku se vyd\u00e1vali na no\u010dn\u00ed loveck\u00e9 v\u00fdpravy, kter\u00e9 vedly do m\u00edst vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch stovky metr\u016f a\u017e n\u011bkolik kilometr\u016f. Nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bylo chov\u00e1n\u00ed ryb b\u011bhem n\u00e1vratu. Cand\u00e1ti \u010dasto nam\u00ed\u0159ili k odpo\u010dinkov\u00e9mu m\u00edstu ji\u017e na za\u010d\u00e1tku n\u00e1vratov\u00e9 trasy, a to i ze vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee. Jejich trasy byly pom\u011brn\u011b p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 a efektivn\u00ed, vedly jak pod\u00e9l b\u0159eh\u016f, tak volnou vodou. Data nav\u00edc uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee jeden ze sledovan\u00fdch jedinc\u016f opustil hlavn\u00ed odpo\u010dinkov\u00e9 m\u00edsto na v\u00edce ne\u017e m\u011bs\u00edc, ale pot\u00e9 se k n\u011bmu znovu s vysokou p\u0159esnost\u00ed vr\u00e1til.<\/p>\n

\u201eP\u0159ekvapilo n\u00e1s, \u017ee cand\u00e1ti dok\u00e1zali zah\u00e1jit n\u00e1vrat spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm sm\u011brem i ze vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee a \u010dasto za n\u00edzk\u00e9 sv\u011bteln\u00e9 intenzity. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee jejich pohyb nen\u00ed n\u00e1hodn\u00fd, ale \u017ee si v prost\u0159ed\u00ed uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed informaci o d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch m\u00edstech,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Milan \u0158\u00edha z Biologick\u00e9ho centra AV \u010cR.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee cand\u00e1ti mohou p\u0159i pohybu v n\u00e1dr\u017ei vyu\u017e\u00edvat prostorovou pam\u011b\u0165 a c\u00edlenou orientaci. P\u0159esn\u00fd mechanismus v\u0161ak zat\u00edm nen\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fd. V \u00favahu p\u0159ipad\u00e1 kombinace r\u016fzn\u00fdch smyslov\u00fdch informac\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad kompasov\u00e1 orientace, pam\u011b\u0165 r\u016fzn\u00fdch struktur prost\u0159ed\u00ed, hloubky, zvuku nebo dal\u0161\u00edch orienta\u010dn\u00edch podn\u011bt\u016f.<\/p>\n

Podle autor\u016f v\u00fdsledky otev\u00edraj\u00ed nov\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o tom, jak ryby v p\u0159irozen\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed vn\u00edmaj\u00ed prostor, jak si pamatuj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 m\u00edsta a jak\u00e9 informace vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159i n\u00e1vratu. Navazuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum nav\u00edc nazna\u010duje, \u017ee cand\u00e1t nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt jedin\u00fdm sladkovodn\u00edm druhem s takto vysp\u011bl\u00fdmi orienta\u010dn\u00edmi schopnostmi.<\/p>\n

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Text a foto: (tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Pohyb jednoho cand\u00e1ta obecn\u00e9ho v n\u00e1dr\u017ei \u0158\u00edmov b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika dn\u00ed (1. \u2013 6.7.2017). P\u0159es den se zdr\u017eoval na stabiln\u00edm odpo\u010dinkov\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b, v noci podnikal v\u00fdpravy po n\u00e1dr\u017ei a p\u0159ed rozedn\u011bn\u00edm se opakovan\u011b vracel zp\u011bt.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  Cand\u00e1ti <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":378245,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[128],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/18\/candat-obecny.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/378244"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=378244"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/378244\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":378254,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/378244\/revisions\/378254"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/378245"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=378244"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=378244"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=378244"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}