{"id":377129,"date":"2026-06-10T22:20:46","date_gmt":"2026-06-10T21:20:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=377129"},"modified":"2026-06-10T22:25:03","modified_gmt":"2026-06-10T21:25:03","slug":"ceska-republika-navrat-divokych-velkych-bylozravcu-podporuje-rozmanitost-hmyzu-potvrzuje-rozsahla-ceska-studie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=377129","title":{"rendered":"\u010cESK\u00c1 REPUBLIKA: N\u00e1vrat divok\u00fdch velk\u00fdch b\u00fdlo\u017eravc\u016f podporuje rozmanitost hmyzu, potvrzuje studie"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Druhov\u00e1 pestrost hmyzu v \u010desk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b kles\u00e1. Zm\u00edrnit tento propad m\u016f\u017ee n\u00e1vrat velk\u00fdch kopytn\u00edk\u016f \u2013 divok\u00fdch kon\u00ed, zubr\u016f a pratur\u016f \u2013 do krajiny. Ukazuje to rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 studie \u010desk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f veden\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky z Biologick\u00e9ho centra Akademie v\u011bd \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky (BC AV \u010cR), kte\u0159\u00ed sledovali p\u011bt skupin hmyzu na jeden\u00e1cti lokalit\u00e1ch v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice s celoro\u010dn\u00ed pastvou velk\u00fdch kopytn\u00edk\u016f. V\u00fdsledky publikoval odborn\u00fd \u010dasopis Journal of Applied Ecology.<\/h6>\n

\"\"\u201eZaj\u00edmalo n\u00e1s, zda n\u00e1vrat velk\u00fdch b\u00fdlo\u017eravc\u016f dok\u00e1\u017ee alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b nahradit procesy, kter\u00e9 v krajin\u011b chyb\u00ed od vymizen\u00ed megafauny,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 autor studie Martin Konvi\u010dka z Biologick\u00e9ho centra AV \u010cR. Megafauna, tedy velc\u00ed b\u00fdlo\u017eravci od pratur\u016f a zubr\u016f a\u017e po mamuty v prav\u011bku, kte\u0159\u00ed po tis\u00edcilet\u00ed utv\u00e1\u0159eli evropskou krajinu, z v\u011bt\u0161iny \u00fazem\u00ed zmizela vlivem lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti. Hmyz je p\u0159itom siln\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00fd na struktu\u0159e prost\u0159ed\u00ed, a v d\u016fsledku zm\u011bn v krajin\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejrychleji ub\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed skupiny organism\u016f.<\/p>\n

V\u00edce opylova\u010d\u016f i kobylek<\/h6>\n

V\u00fdzkum prob\u00edhal 10 let na jeden\u00e1cti unik\u00e1tn\u00edch lokalit\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 vznikly d\u00edky organizaci \u010cesk\u00e1 krajina. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato organizace sehr\u00e1la kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v tom, \u017ee se do \u010ceska vr\u00e1tili velc\u00ed kopytn\u00edci a vytvo\u0159ila tak mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro v\u00fdzkum jejich vlivu na p\u0159\u00edrodu. V\u011bdci tak mohli porovn\u00e1vat pastviny s p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed divok\u00fdch b\u00fdlo\u017eravc\u016f \u2013 exmoorsk\u00fdch kon\u00ed, pratur\u016f a zubr\u016f \u2013 s okoln\u00edmi plochami bez pastvy. Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee na pasen\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch p\u0159ibylo druh\u016f i jedinc\u016f v\u010del a vos a v\u00fdrazn\u011b tak\u00e9 vzrostly po\u010dty kobylek a saran\u010dat. U ostatn\u00edch skupin, mezi n\u011b\u017e pat\u0159ili denn\u00ed a no\u010dn\u00ed mot\u00fdli \u010di mravenci, se celkov\u00e1 druhov\u00e1 bohatost v\u00fdrazn\u011b neli\u0161ila. \u201eEfekt nebyl u v\u0161ech skupin stejn\u00fd, ale d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, \u017ee jsme nepozorovali negativn\u00ed dopady velk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at na \u017e\u00e1dnou z nich,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 entomolog Jan Walter.<\/p>\n

Nejde jen o po\u010det druh\u016f, ale i jejich vlastnosti<\/h6>\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm studie je, \u017ee vlivem n\u00e1vratu velk\u00fdch kopytn\u00edk\u016f do krajiny se z\u00e1sadn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed druhov\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed hmyzu. P\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm druhy, kter\u00e9: jsou men\u0161\u00ed a m\u00e9n\u011b pohybliv\u00e9, maj\u00ed specializovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1roky na prost\u0159ed\u00ed, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed n\u00edzk\u00e9 byliny a dok\u00e1\u017eou p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt v prost\u0159ed\u00ed pravideln\u011b naru\u0161ovan\u00e9m pastvou. \u201eVelc\u00ed b\u00fdlo\u017eravci vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed pestrou mozaiku prost\u0159ed\u00ed od spasen\u00fdch ploch po naru\u0161enou p\u016fdu. A pr\u00e1v\u011b tato r\u016fznorodost je pro mnoho druh\u016f hmyzu kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje Martin Konvi\u010dka.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1vrat podm\u00ednek, na kter\u00e9 je hmyz evolu\u010dn\u011b zvykl\u00fd<\/h6>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina dne\u0161n\u00edch druh\u016f hmyzu se vyvinula v dob\u011b, kdy evropskou krajinu ob\u00fdvala po\u010detn\u00e1 megafauna. Po jej\u00edm vybit\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bkem nahradilo jej\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed hospoda\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zahrnovalo st\u00e1lou p\u0159\u00edtomnost skotu, kon\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at v\u0161ude v krajin\u011b. Modern\u00ed intenzivn\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a lesnictv\u00ed v\u0161ak tyto podm\u00ednky odstranilo. N\u00e1vrat velk\u00fdch b\u00fdlo\u017eravc\u016f do krajiny podle autor\u016f studie napodobuje p\u0159irozen\u00e9 naru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edve zp\u016fsobovala velk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata. Obnovuje tak chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed ekologick\u00e9 procesy a m\u016f\u017ee zm\u00edrnit negativn\u00ed dopady intenzivn\u00edho hospoda\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Auto\u0159i z\u00e1rove\u0148 upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee tento p\u0159\u00edstup nen\u00ed univerz\u00e1ln\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm. N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy hmyzu mohou b\u00fdt naopak potla\u010deny, nap\u0159\u00edklad ty v\u00e1zan\u00e9 na vysokou travn\u00ed vegetaci nebo m\u00e1lo naru\u0161ovan\u00e9 plochy. \u201eD\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je udr\u017eet v krajin\u011b pestrost \u2013 tedy kombinaci sp\u00e1san\u00fdch i nesp\u00e1san\u00fdch m\u00edst. To by p\u0159i dostate\u010dn\u00e9 velikosti ploch s velk\u00fdmi kopytn\u00edky zajistila samotn\u00e1 aktivita zv\u00ed\u0159at v kombinaci s p\u016fsoben\u00edm pred\u00e1tor\u016f,\u201c<\/em> dopl\u0148uje Martin Konvi\u010dka.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1vrat divok\u00fdch b\u00fdlo\u017eravc\u016f tak p\u0159edstavuje slibn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pro ochranu hmyzu a dal\u0161\u00edch organism\u016f, pro obnovu ekologick\u00fdch funkc\u00ed krajiny, a nab\u00edz\u00ed se i jako alternativa k n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010di o n\u011bkter\u00e1 chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed.\u00a0 \u201eVelc\u00ed b\u00fdlo\u017eravci nejsou jen symbol divo\u010diny. Jsou to kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00ed architekti krajiny, kte\u0159\u00ed pom\u00e1haj\u00ed udr\u017eet \u017eivot v cel\u00e9 jeho rozmanitosti,\u201c<\/em> uzav\u00edr\u00e1 Martin Konvi\u010dka.<\/p>\n

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Informovali jsme:<\/h4>\n

\u010cESK\u00c1 REPUBLIKA: Zub\u0159\u00ed samice ze Zooparku Chomutov roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila chov v milovick\u00e9 rezervaci<\/a><\/h6>\n
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\u010cESK\u00c1 REPUBLIKA: V\u00fdzkum. Zub\u0159i a divoc\u00ed kon\u011b pom\u00e1haj\u00ed ukl\u00e1dat do p\u016fdy stovky tun uhl\u00edku ka\u017ed\u00fd rok<\/a><\/h6>\n
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ZE SV\u011aTA: Ve \u0160pan\u011blsku vypustili st\u00e1do \u0161esti samic \u010desk\u00fdch zubr\u016f. Jde o p\u0159elom, oce\u0148uje odborn\u00edk<\/a><\/h6>\n
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\u010cESK\u00c1 REPUBLIKA: Cenu sympatie v sout\u011b\u017ei E.ON Energy Globe z\u00edskala rezervace velk\u00fdch kopytn\u00edk\u016f<\/a><\/h6>\n
\u010cESK\u00c1 REPUBLIKA: Brig\u00e1da. Dobrovoln\u00edci ukl\u00edzeli turistickou stezku u rezervace velk\u00fdch kopytn\u00edk\u016f<\/a><\/h6>\n
JI\u017dN\u00cd \u010cECHY: Divoc\u00ed kon\u011b v Novohradsk\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch. Dal\u0161\u00ed je budou n\u00e1sledovat<\/a><\/h6>\n
\u010cESK\u00c1 REPUBLIKA: Dobrovoln\u00edci odstranili cel\u00e9 ohnisko invazn\u00ed lupiny v rezervaci velk\u00fdch kopytn\u00edk\u016f<\/a><\/h6>\n
\u010cESK\u00c1 REPUBLIKA: Dobrovoln\u00edci dnes likviduj\u00ed invazn\u00ed lupinu v milovick\u00e9 rezervaci velk\u00fdch kopytn\u00edk\u016f<\/a><\/h6>\n
JI\u017dN\u00cd \u010cECHY: Nov\u00e1 st\u00e1da velk\u00fdch kopytn\u00edk\u016f ve dvou jiho\u010desk\u00fdch rezervac\u00edch<\/a><\/h6>\n
\u010cESK\u00c1 REPUBLIKA: D\u011bti vybraly jm\u00e9na pro dvojici pratur\u016f v n\u00e1rodn\u00edm parku<\/a><\/h6>\n
JI\u017dN\u00cd \u010cECHY: Vznik\u00e1 nov\u00fd chov zubr\u016f. Zv\u00ed\u0159ata jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bny, do kter\u00e9 jsou zapojeny \u010dty\u0159i kraje<\/a><\/h6>\n
\u010cESK\u00c1 REPUBLIKA: Velk\u00e1 v\u00fdm\u011bna pom\u016f\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161it genetickou pestrost chov\u016f<\/a><\/h6>\n
\n

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