{"id":376610,"date":"2026-05-30T15:44:10","date_gmt":"2026-05-30T14:44:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=376610"},"modified":"2026-05-30T15:44:10","modified_gmt":"2026-05-30T14:44:10","slug":"vyroci-dne-pred-592-lety-30-kvetna-1434-doslo-jizne-od-stredoceske-vesnice-lipany-k-rozhodujici-bitve-polnich-vojsk-taboritu-a-sirotku-s-oddily-kalisnicko-katolicke-panske-jednoty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=376610","title":{"rendered":"V\u00ddRO\u010c\u00cd DNE: P\u0159ed 592 lety, 30. kv\u011btna 1434, do\u0161lo ji\u017en\u011b od st\u0159edo\u010desk\u00e9 vesnice Lipany k rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed bitv\u011b poln\u00edch vojsk t\u00e1borit\u016f a sirotk\u016f s odd\u00edly kali\u0161nicko-katolick\u00e9 Pansk\u00e9 jednoty"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
V\u00fdjev z panoramatick\u00e9ho obrazu Bitva u Lipan, Lud\u011bk Marold (1898)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Od vypuknut\u00ed husitsk\u00e9 revoluce roku 1419 bylo \u010cesk\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed ve stavu nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9 ob\u010dansk\u00e9 a zahrani\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lky. V mezidob\u00edch mezi zahrani\u010dn\u00edmi vp\u00e1dy v podob\u011b p\u011bti k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00fdch v\u00fdprav, k jejich\u017e odra\u017een\u00ed se vojska jednotliv\u00fdch husitsk\u00fdch frakc\u00ed neboli obc\u00ed (t\u00e1borit\u00e9, sirotci, pra\u017ean\u00e9, orebit\u00e9) v\u017edy uk\u00e1zn\u011bn\u011b spojila, v\u00e1l\u010dily tyto obce permanentn\u011b nejen proti \u010desk\u00fdm katol\u00edk\u016fm, ale i proti sob\u011b navz\u00e1jem.<\/h6>\n

Z toho \u010dasem vyplynula nezbytnost vytvo\u0159it st\u00e1l\u00e9 vojsko, kter\u00e9 by bylo v\u017edy dob\u0159e p\u0159ipraveno br\u00e1nit z\u00e1jmy sv\u00e9 obce nejen proti katol\u00edk\u016fm, ale i proti v\u0161em ostatn\u00edm, v\u010detn\u011b vlastn\u00edch souv\u011brc\u016f z jin\u00e9ho politick\u00e9ho uskupen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Tato poln\u00ed vojska \u010d\u00edtala dohromady okolo 10 000 mu\u017e\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed \u201ev poli\u201c, tedy ve v\u00e1lce, \u201epracovali\u201c nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b. P\u0159i ta\u017een\u00edch b\u00fdvala pos\u00edlena o dal\u0161\u00ed dobrovoln\u00edky, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z vesnic. M\u00e9n\u011b zn\u00e1mou, o to v\u0161ak pal\u010div\u011bj\u0161\u00ed str\u00e1nkou existence t\u00e9to prvn\u00ed \u201eprofesion\u00e1ln\u00ed\u201c arm\u00e1dy na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed byl probl\u00e9m jej\u00edho z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b poln\u00ed vojska mnohokr\u00e1t zachr\u00e1nila \u017eivot tis\u00edc\u016fm kali\u0161n\u00edk\u016f (mnohdy ov\u0161em za cenu jejich majetk\u016f), na stran\u011b druh\u00e9 mezi lidmi nar\u016fstala pochopiteln\u00e1 nechu\u0165 p\u0159isp\u00edvat na jejich ob\u017eivu. Pro st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det sedl\u00e1k\u016f bylo nav\u00edc p\u0159ita\u017eliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u201epracovat v poli\u201c ve smyslu boje za tu \u010di onu Bo\u017e\u00ed pravdu, ne\u017e v potu tv\u00e1\u0159e obd\u011bl\u00e1vat vlastn\u00ed pole \u2013 a b\u00fdt pak o v\u00fdsledek p\u0159ipraven t\u011bmi, kdo m\u00edsto vlastn\u00edho potu rad\u011bji prol\u00e9vali vlastn\u00ed i ciz\u00ed krev.<\/p>\n

Pokusem o \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed t\u00e9to situace byly tzv. \u201espanil\u00e9 j\u00edzdy\u201c do okoln\u00edch katolick\u00fdch zem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly za \u00fakol nejen br\u00e1nit a \u0161\u00ed\u0159it Bo\u017e\u00ed pravdu, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zam\u011bstnat a nasytit n\u00e1kladnou st\u00e1lou arm\u00e1du. Poln\u00ed vojska, navzdory sv\u00fdm nepopirateln\u00fdm vojensk\u00fdm kvalit\u00e1m, nebyla toti\u017e schopna dob\u00fdt a obr\u00e1tit na spr\u00e1vnou Bo\u017e\u00ed pravdu cel\u00e9 \u010cechy, byla v\u0161ak v\u00edce ne\u017e schopna vydrancovat a poni\u010dit zna\u010dn\u00fd kus okoln\u00edch zem\u00ed. Kdy\u017e pak tyto loupe\u017eiv\u00e9 n\u00e1jezdy vedly k ochot\u011b katolick\u00e9 strany uzav\u0159\u00edt kone\u010dn\u011b s nen\u00e1vid\u011bn\u00fdmi husity m\u00edr, stala se poln\u00ed vojska paradoxn\u011b jeho posledn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou, k jej\u00edmu\u017e odstran\u011bn\u00ed se nakonec nev\u00e1hali spojit \u010de\u0161t\u00ed kali\u0161n\u00edci s \u010desk\u00fdmi katol\u00edky.<\/p>\n

Konec poln\u00edch vojsk nade\u0161el 30. kv\u011btna 1434 u Lipan. V t\u00e9to posledn\u00ed bitv\u011b husitsk\u00fdch v\u00e1lek st\u00e1la proti sob\u011b dv\u011b v\u00fdzbroj\u00ed, v\u00fdcvikem i taktikou zcela rovnocenn\u00e1 vojska. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b koalice um\u00edrn\u011bn\u00fdch kali\u0161n\u00edk\u016f a katol\u00edk\u016f veden\u00e1 Divi\u0161em Bo\u0159kem z Milet\u00ednka a Hynkem Pt\u00e1\u010dkem z Pirk\u0161tejna (14\u201315 000 mu\u017e\u016f), na stran\u011b druh\u00e9 radik\u00e1ln\u00ed svazy t\u00e1borit\u016f a sirotk\u016f pod velen\u00edm kn\u011bze Prokopa Hol\u00e9ho (10\u201311 000 mu\u017e\u016f). Ob\u011b arm\u00e1dy disponovaly vozovou hradbou, p\u011bchotou vyzbrojenou chladn\u00fdmi, st\u0159eln\u00fdmi i paln\u00fdmi zbran\u011bmi, j\u00edzdou a d\u011blost\u0159electvem, ob\u011b byly stejn\u011b vycvi\u010den\u00e9 a p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b stejn\u011b po\u010detn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

R\u00e1no 30. kv\u011btna zah\u00e1jili t\u00e1borit\u00e9 a sirotci palbu ze sv\u00e9 vozov\u00e9 hradby. Z koali\u010dn\u00ed vozov\u00e9 hradby odpov\u011bd\u011bli a rozho\u0159ela se d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e1 p\u0159est\u0159elka, je\u017e nep\u0159inesla rozhodnut\u00ed. Bo\u0159ek z Milet\u00ednka proto zvolil taktiku, kter\u00e1 se m\u011bla st\u00e1t rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm momentem bitvy: p\u0159edst\u00edran\u00fd \u00fastup \u010d\u00e1sti vozov\u00fdch \u0161ik\u016f. T\u00e1borit\u00e9 a sirotci, povzbuzen\u00ed domn\u011bl\u00fdm \u00fasp\u011bchem, otev\u0159eli \u010d\u00e1st vozov\u00e9 hradby, aby mohli pron\u00e1sledovat ustupuj\u00edc\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1tele. Jakmile to ud\u011blali, ude\u0159ila jim do boku t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 j\u00edzda Divi\u0161e Bo\u0159ka, dosud ukryt\u00e1 za ter\u00e9nn\u00ed vlnou, a bitva se zm\u011bnila v chaotick\u00fd masakr, v n\u011bm\u017e padl Prokop Hol\u00fd i dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edn\u00ed velitel\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Za cenu zhruba dvou stovek padl\u00fdch tak b\u00fdval\u00fd \u017di\u017ek\u016fv spojenec Divi\u0161 Bo\u0159ek z Milet\u00ednka porazil vojsko \u017di\u017ekov\u00fdch sirotk\u016f a t\u00e1borit\u016f, veden\u00e9 kn\u011bzem Prokopem Hol\u00fdm. Krom\u011b pora\u017een\u00e9ho velitele padlo okolo t\u0159in\u00e1cti set Bo\u017e\u00edch bojovn\u00edk\u016f. \u0160lo v\u011bt\u0161inou o p\u011b\u0161\u00e1ky, proto\u017ee jezdce je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed koncem bitvy odvedl z boji\u0161t\u011b sirot\u010d\u00ed (a b\u00fdval\u00fd \u017di\u017ek\u016fv) hejtman Jan \u010capek ze S\u00e1n. N\u011bkolik set zajatc\u016f bylo pot\u00e9 z iniciativy katolick\u00e9ho ryt\u00ed\u0159e Jana Krka z Rab\u00ed up\u00e1leno v lipansk\u00fdch stodol\u00e1ch, v\u011bt\u0161ina ostatn\u00edch vstoupila pozd\u011bji do slu\u017eeb v\u00edt\u011bz\u016f.<\/p>\n

Por\u00e1\u017eka radik\u00e1ln\u00edho husitsk\u00e9ho k\u0159\u00eddla umo\u017enila kompromisn\u00ed dohodu s kr\u00e1lem Zikmundem Lucembursk\u00fdm, katolickou c\u00edrkv\u00ed a leg\u00e1ty kostnick\u00e9ho koncilu, kter\u00e1 ukon\u010dila patn\u00e1ct let trvaj\u00edc\u00ed ob\u010danskou v\u00e1lku. D\u00edky tomu se v \u010cech\u00e1ch mohly postupn\u011b prosadit principy ideologie um\u00edrn\u011bn\u00fdch husit\u016f a \u010cesk\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed se postupn\u011b prom\u011bnilo v zemsk\u00e9 z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na sou\u017eit\u00ed katol\u00edk\u016f a utrakvist\u016f.<\/p>\n

Po skon\u010den\u00ed husitsk\u00fdch v\u00e1lek vyvstala samoz\u0159ejm\u011b ot\u00e1zka, co s t\u011bmi, kdo nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e v\u00e1lku neznali a zn\u00e1t necht\u011bli. V\u0161e nakonec vy\u0159e\u0161ila \u201eneviditeln\u00e1 ruka trhu\u201c. Skv\u011ble vycvi\u010den\u00ed \u010de\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci byli v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1ni a v\u00fdborn\u011b placeni po cel\u00e9 tehdej\u0161\u00ed Evrop\u011b. Bojovali na Slovensku, v Uhr\u00e1ch, v Polsku, v N\u011bmecku, v Rusku. Jako spr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159i slou\u017eili ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, kdo jim zaplatil. Jako ostatn\u011b d\u00e1vno p\u0159ed nimi Jan \u017di\u017eka z Trocnova, Mikul\u00e1\u0161 z Husi a mnoz\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed slavn\u00ed i m\u00e9n\u011b slavn\u00ed husit\u0161t\u00ed hejtmani…<\/p>\n

Zdroj: https:\/\/1url.cz\/TeaBH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

FB \u2013\u00a0Karel OKT\u00c1BEC<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Od <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":376613,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[74],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/30\/ram-vyroci.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/376610"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=376610"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/376610\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":376614,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/376610\/revisions\/376614"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/376613"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=376610"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=376610"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=376610"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}