{"id":370345,"date":"2026-03-12T19:12:13","date_gmt":"2026-03-12T18:12:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=370345"},"modified":"2026-03-12T19:12:13","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T18:12:13","slug":"ceska-republika-bakterie-cerneho-kasle-vyuzivaji-unikatni-trik-k-osidleni-dychacich-cest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=370345","title":{"rendered":"\u010cESK\u00c1 REPUBLIKA: Bakterie \u010dern\u00e9ho ka\u0161le vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed unik\u00e1tn\u00ed trik k os\u00eddlen\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
Ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto: pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bakterie rodu Bordetella, p\u016fvodce \u010dern\u00e9ho ka\u0161le a dal\u0161\u00edch respira\u010dn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, aktivn\u011b obch\u00e1zej\u00ed obrann\u00fd mechanismus d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest. Vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k tomu speci\u00e1ln\u00ed b\u00edlkovinu, kter\u00e1 \u201ezakotv\u00ed\u201c v bu\u0148k\u00e1ch hostitele. Unik\u00e1tn\u00ed mechanismus popsali v\u011bdci z Mikrobiologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR ve spolupr\u00e1ci s kolegy z Kalifornsk\u00e9 univerzity v Santa Barba\u0159e v \u010dasopise Science<\/a>.<\/h6>\n

\"\"D\u00fdchac\u00ed cesty \u010dlov\u011bka jsou chr\u00e1n\u011bny \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm obrann\u00fdm mechanismem tvo\u0159en\u00fdm pohybliv\u00fdmi \u0159asinkami na povrchu bun\u011bk, kter\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u011b s vrstvou hlenu vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed tzv. mukocili\u00e1rn\u00ed eskal\u00e1tor. Tento syst\u00e9m nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b odstra\u0148uje vdechnut\u00e9 mikroby, prach a dal\u0161\u00ed ne\u010distoty a zaji\u0161\u0165uje tak ochranu d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest p\u0159ed infekc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jak bakterie p\u0159ekon\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u201esamo\u010distic\u00ed\u201c syst\u00e9m d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest<\/h6>\n

Nov\u00e1 studie zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e1 v jednom z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch \u010dasopis\u016f Science popisuje, jak bakterie rodu Bordetella tento obrann\u00fd mechanismus aktivn\u011b obch\u00e1zej\u00ed. Hlavn\u00ed roli p\u0159itom hraje speci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159ilnav\u00e1 (adhezn\u00ed) b\u00edlkovina.<\/p>\n

\u201eTato b\u00edlkovina slou\u017e\u00ed k p\u0159ichycen\u00ed bakteri\u00ed na povrch \u0159asinkov\u00fdch bun\u011bk. Zjistili jsme ale, \u017ee jej\u00ed koncov\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st se nav\u00edc p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed do nitra hostitelsk\u00e9 bu\u0148ky, kde se v\u00e1\u017ee na mikrotubuly \u2013 stavebn\u00ed vl\u00e1kna tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed kostru \u0159asinek,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje Ladislav Bumba z Mikrobiologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR (MB\u00da AV \u010cR). \u201eT\u00edm si bakterie vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b stabiln\u00ed ukotven\u00ed na povrchu d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se bakterie rodu Bordetella v d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest\u00e1ch rozmno\u017e\u00ed, uvol\u0148uj\u00ed toxiny, kter\u00e9 naru\u0161uj\u00ed imunitn\u00ed obranu hostitele a vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed katar\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011bt nosohltanu a tvorbu hust\u00e9ho hlenu v pr\u016fdu\u0161nici. Nemocn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk m\u00e1 d\u00fdchac\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017ee, prsk\u00e1 a k\u00fdch\u00e1, tud\u00ed\u017e se infekce \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed, co\u017e posl\u00e9ze vede k z\u00e1chvat\u016fm velmi siln\u00e9ho dusiv\u00e9ho ka\u0161le s h\u00fdkav\u00fdmi n\u00e1dechy.<\/p>\n

\u201eOnemocn\u011bn\u00ed \u010dern\u00fdm ka\u0161lem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u kojenc\u016f a senior\u016f smrteln\u00e9, proto\u017ee m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 hypoxii (nedostatku kysl\u00edku) a plicn\u00ed hypertenzi s n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm selh\u00e1n\u00edm srdce,\u201c<\/em> up\u0159es\u0148uje Peter \u0160ebo z MB\u00da AV \u010cR.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ichycen\u00ed nesta\u010d\u00ed \u2013 bakterie mus\u00ed sestoupit ke ko\u0159eni \u0159asinek<\/h6>\n

Pomoc\u00ed mikroskopie na \u017eiv\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00edch v\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee se bakterie nejprve zachyt\u00ed na \u0161pi\u010dk\u00e1ch \u0159asinek a n\u00e1sledn\u011b \u201esestupuj\u00ed\u201c k jejich b\u00e1zi, kde jsou l\u00e9pe chr\u00e1n\u011bny p\u0159ed mechanick\u00fdm odstran\u011bn\u00edm proudem hlenu.<\/p>\n

\u201eP\u0159ipravili jsme geneticky upravenou bakterii, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed schopna tuto speci\u00e1ln\u00ed b\u00edlkovinu produkovat. Tyto bakterie sice dok\u00e1\u017eou p\u0159ilnout k bu\u0148k\u00e1m, ale z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed pouze na \u0161pi\u010dk\u00e1ch \u0159asinek a jsou mnohem snadn\u011bji odstra\u0148ov\u00e1ny,\u201c<\/em> popisuje Ladislav Bumba. \u201eV experiment\u00e1ln\u00edm zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edm modelu se nav\u00edc uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee tato defektn\u00ed bakterie osidluje nosn\u00ed dutinu podstatn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b efektivn\u011b.\u201c<\/em> Pevn\u00e9 p\u0159ilnut\u00ed bakterie k bu\u0148k\u00e1m d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm krokem p\u0159i rozvoji infekce. Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 vakc\u00edny velmi \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm pr\u016fb\u011bhem \u010dern\u00e9ho ka\u0161le, jejich schopnost zabr\u00e1nit samotn\u00e9mu os\u00eddlen\u00ed nosn\u00ed sliznice je v\u0161ak omezen\u00e1. O\u010dkovan\u00e9 osoby tak mohou bakterii po ur\u010ditou dobu p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et, ani\u017e by se u nich rozvinuly z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdznam objevu<\/h6>\n

Objev odhaluje dosud nezn\u00e1m\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm tento respira\u010dn\u00ed patogen p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159irozenou obranu organismu, a ukazuje, \u017ee samotn\u00e1 p\u0159ilnavost bakteri\u00ed k bu\u0148k\u00e1m \u0159asinkov\u00e9ho epitelu nen\u00ed zalo\u017eena pouze na povrchov\u00e9 interakci, ale vy\u017eaduje tak\u00e9 specifick\u00e9 ukotven\u00ed bakterie k vnitrobun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdm struktur\u00e1m hostitelsk\u00fdch bun\u011bk. Lep\u0161\u00ed porozum\u011bn\u00ed tomuto mechanismu m\u016f\u017ee otev\u0159\u00edt cestu k nov\u00fdm strategi\u00edm prevence i c\u00edlen\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby \u010dern\u00e9ho ka\u0161le.<\/p>\n

T\u00fdm z Laborato\u0159e molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed biologie bakteri\u00e1ln\u00edch patogen\u016f v MB\u00da AV \u010cR studuje bakterii Bordetella dlouhodob\u011b, na studii se pod\u00edlel zejm\u00e9na elektronovou mikroskopi\u00ed a pou\u017eit\u00edm zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edho modelu k v\u00fdzkumu kolonizace nosn\u00ed dutiny t\u011bmito bakteriemi.<\/p>\n

(tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Bakterie <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":365823,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[128,174],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/08\/bakterie.webp","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/370345"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=370345"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/370345\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":370346,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/370345\/revisions\/370346"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/365823"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=370345"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=370345"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=370345"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}