{"id":370071,"date":"2026-03-09T10:04:40","date_gmt":"2026-03-09T09:04:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=370071"},"modified":"2026-03-09T10:04:40","modified_gmt":"2026-03-09T09:04:40","slug":"vseobecna-zdravotni-pojistovna-syndrom-spankove-apnoe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=370071","title":{"rendered":"V\u0160EOBECN\u00c1 ZDRAVOTN\u00cd POJI\u0160\u0164OVNA: Syndrom sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 apnoe"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-201756 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/31\/vzp-logo.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"646\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/31\/vzp-logo.png 646w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/31\/vzp-logo-300x104.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 646px) 100vw, 646px\" \/><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">OT\u00c1ZKA:<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Partnerka tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee v noci p\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1m d\u00fdchat a chr\u00e1pu, m\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt syndrom sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 apnoe?<\/b><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">ODPOV\u011a\u010e:<\/h6>\n<p class=\"-wm-MsoNormal\">Pokud si partner v\u0161imne, \u017ee b\u011bhem sp\u00e1nku p\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1te d\u00fdchat a z\u00e1rove\u0148 chr\u00e1pete, m\u016f\u017ee se skute\u010dn\u011b jednat o tzv. syndrom sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 apnoe.\u00a0<b>Jde o jednu z\u00a0nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch poruch sp\u00e1nku, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 doch\u00e1z\u00ed k opakovan\u00fdm z\u00e1stav\u00e1m dechu b\u011bhem noci.<\/b>\u00a0<b>\u010cast\u00fdm doprovodn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edznakem b\u00fdv\u00e1 hlasit\u00e9 chr\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed, ale i nadm\u011brn\u00e1 \u00fanava p\u0159es den, sucho v\u00a0\u00fastech, bolesti hlavy typicky r\u00e1no po probuzen\u00ed \u010di poruchy koncentrace.\u00a0<\/b>Toto se m\u016f\u017ee projevit i jako\u00a0mikrosp\u00e1nky b\u011bhem dne, nap\u0159. i p\u0159i \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed motorov\u00e9ho vozidla. Nel\u00e9\u010den\u00fd syndrom sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 apnoe m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm zdravotn\u00edm komplikac\u00edm a k\u00a0rozvoji onemocn\u011bn\u00ed srdce a c\u00e9v, jako je vysok\u00fd krevn\u00ed tlak, srde\u010dn\u00ed arytmie, infarkt myokardu, c\u00e9vn\u00ed mozkov\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edhoda aj. V\u00a0posledn\u00ed dob\u011b je tak\u00e9 studov\u00e1n vliv syndromu sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 apnoe na vznik metabolick\u00fdch poruch, nap\u0159. cukrovku 2. typu nebo obezitu. Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 nepodce\u0148ovat p\u0159\u00edznaky a v\u010das vyhledat l\u00e9ka\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p class=\"-wm-Normlnmini\"><b>Hlavn\u00ed typy sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 apnoe jsou:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul type=\"disc\">\n<li class=\"-wm-Normlnmini\"><b>Obstruk\u010dn\u00ed sp\u00e1nkov\u00e1 apnoe (OSA) je<\/b>\u00a0<b>nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/b>\u00a0Ve sp\u00e1nku doch\u00e1z\u00ed vlivem uvoln\u011bn\u00ed sval\u016f k zablokov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest a t\u00edm k\u00a0zamezen\u00ed d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e aktivita mozkov\u00e9ho centra pro d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 aktivn\u00ed.\u00a0P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou b\u00fdv\u00e1\u00a0<strong>z\u00fa\u017een\u00ed nebo kolaps tk\u00e1n\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bji v\u00a0oblasti ko\u0159ene jazyka\u00a0<\/strong>a m\u011bkk\u00e9ho patra. Nedostate\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun kysl\u00edku do organismu s n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm poklesem jeho hladiny v krvi mozkov\u00e1 centra vyhodnot\u00ed a okam\u017eit\u011b aktivuj\u00ed kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 probuzen\u00ed, aby se obnovilo d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed. Tato probuzen\u00ed b\u00fdvaj\u00ed tak kr\u00e1tk\u00e1, \u017ee si je pacient obvykle neuv\u011bdomuje. Cel\u00fd proces se m\u016f\u017ee opakovat mnohokr\u00e1t b\u011bhem noci a br\u00e1n\u00ed tak dosa\u017een\u00ed hlubok\u00e9ho sp\u00e1nku, kter\u00fd je nezbytn\u00fd pro regeneraci organismu.<\/li>\n<li class=\"-wm-Normlnmini\"><b>Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/b>\u00a0<b>sp\u00e1nkov\u00e1 apnoe (CSA)<\/b>\u00a0<b>je<\/b>\u00a0<b>m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dast\u00e1\u00a0<\/b>ne\u017e obstruk\u010dn\u00ed sp\u00e1nkov\u00e1 apnoe. Pacienti s CSA maj\u00ed poruchu centr\u00e1ln\u00edho nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. D\u00fdchac\u00ed centrum v mozku nedok\u00e1\u017ee spustit d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed, a\u010dkoliv jsou d\u00fdchac\u00ed cesty norm\u00e1ln\u011b pr\u016fchodn\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li class=\"-wm-Normlnmini\"><b>Sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e1 sp\u00e1nkov\u00e1 apnoe<\/b>\u00a0p\u0159edstavuje\u00a0<b>kombinaci<\/b>\u00a0obou p\u0159edchoz\u00edch<b>.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"-wm-Normlnmini\"><a name=\"-wm-_Hlk222384569\"><\/a><b>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u010deho se stanovuje diagn\u00f3za syndromu sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 apnoe?<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"-wm-MsoNormal\"><b>P\u0159i podez\u0159en\u00ed na syndrom sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 apnoe<\/b>\u00a0(nap\u0159\u00edklad kv\u016fli hlasit\u00e9mu chr\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed, pauz\u00e1m v d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed b\u011bhem sp\u00e1nku nebo nadm\u011brn\u00e9 \u00fanav\u011b p\u0159es den)\u00a0<b>by m\u011bly prvn\u00ed kroky v\u00e9st k praktick\u00e9mu l\u00e9ka\u0159i.<\/b>\u00a0<b>Ten m\u016f\u017ee krom\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00edho vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed prov\u00e9st v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech i screeningov\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, a to formou dom\u00e1c\u00edho m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed flow a saturace kysl\u00edku.\u00a0<\/b>Pacient si vyzvedne p\u0159\u00edstroj, kter\u00fd si ve\u010der p\u0159ed ulehnut\u00edm nasad\u00ed. B\u011bhem noci prob\u00edh\u00e1 monitorace pr\u016ftoku vzduchu a saturace se z\u00e1znamem do p\u0159\u00edstroje. R\u00e1no pacient p\u0159inese p\u0159\u00edstroj se z\u00e1znamem k\u00a0vyhodnocen\u00ed.\u00a0<b>V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b podez\u0159en\u00ed na onemocn\u011bn\u00ed doporu\u010d\u00ed praktick\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed u specialisty akreditovan\u00e9ho sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9ho centra.<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"-wm-MsoNormal\"><u>Vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed u specialisty sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9ho centra<\/u><\/p>\n<p class=\"-wm-MsoNormal\">P\u0159i vstupn\u00edm vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed tento l\u00e9ka\u0159 zji\u0161\u0165uje mimo klinick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f i rizikov\u00e9 faktory vzniku sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 apnoe.\u00a0<b>\u00a0N\u00e1sleduje polygrafick\u00e9 nebo polysomnografick\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed. Pacient str\u00e1v\u00ed jednu noc s p\u0159\u00edstrojem, kter\u00fd sleduje d\u00fdchac\u00ed pohyby, hladinu kysl\u00edku v krvi, pohyby hrudn\u00edku a dal\u0161\u00ed parametry celono\u010dn\u00ed sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 monitorace. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto \u00fadaj\u016f lze ur\u010dit, o jak\u00fd typ a jak z\u00e1va\u017enou formu apnoe se jedn\u00e1.\u00a0<\/b>Toto vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee prob\u00edhat v nemocnici nebo doma, v\u00fdb\u011br zp\u016fsobu a typu vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed je pln\u011b v\u00a0kompetenci l\u00e9ka\u0159e sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9ho centra. Ka\u017ed\u00fd pacient se syndromem obstruk\u010dn\u00ed sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 apnoe by m\u011bl tak\u00e9 absolvovat vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed pr\u016fchodnosti horn\u00edch cest d\u00fdchac\u00edch otorinolaryngologem (u\u0161n\u00ed, nosn\u00ed, kr\u010dn\u00ed).<b>\u00a0Na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fdsledk\u016f monitorace sp\u00e1nku a\u00a0<\/b><strong>eventu\u00e1ln\u011b<\/strong>\u00a0<b>dal\u0161\u00edch vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed je pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fd postup.<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"-wm-Normlnmini\"><b>Jak\u00e9 mo\u017enosti m\u00e1 dosp\u011bl\u00fd pacient p\u0159i l\u00e9\u010db\u011b?<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"-wm-Normlnmini\"><b>L\u00e9\u010dba z\u00e1vis\u00ed na z\u00e1va\u017enosti a typu sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 apnoe a jej\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed by m\u011bla b\u00fdt v\u017edy re\u017eimov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed.\u00a0<\/b>Pat\u0159\u00ed sem sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti p\u0159i nadv\u00e1ze nebo obezit\u011b, zdrav\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed styl (omezen\u00ed alkoholu, kou\u0159en\u00ed, l\u00e9k\u016f na span\u00ed a jin\u00fdch n\u00e1vykov\u00fdch l\u00e1tek). D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je tak\u00e9 spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 sp\u00e1nkov\u00e1 hygiena.<b>\u00a0U st\u0159edn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch a t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch forem syndromu obstruk\u010dn\u00ed sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 apnoe se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstroj pro l\u00e9\u010dbu p\u0159etlakem (CPAP\/BIPAP), kter\u00fd pomoc\u00ed m\u00edrn\u00e9ho tlaku vzduchu udr\u017euje d\u00fdchac\u00ed cesty b\u011bhem sp\u00e1nku pr\u016fchodn\u00e9. Je to dosud nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e1 metoda vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 u pacient\u016f s\u00a0obstruk\u010dn\u00ed sp\u00e1nkovou apnoe.\u00a0<\/b>Pacient sp\u00ed s\u00a0d\u00fdchac\u00ed maskou napojenou na p\u0159\u00edstroj, co\u017e n\u011bkter\u00fdm pacient\u016fm m\u016f\u017ee \u010dinit obt\u00ed\u017ee, ale s vhodn\u011b vybran\u00fdm typem p\u0159\u00edstroje i d\u00fdchac\u00ed masky je \u00fa\u010dinnost t\u00e9to metody velmi vysok\u00e1.<b>\u00a0D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je tak\u00e9 motivace pacienta p\u0159\u00edstroj pravideln\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat.<\/b>\u00a0Pacienti po \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m nastaven\u00ed p\u0159etlakov\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby \u010dasto uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 zlep\u0161en\u00ed kvality sp\u00e1nku, maj\u00ed v\u00edce energie a lep\u0161\u00ed koncentraci.\u00a0<b>Nen\u00ed-li nastaven\u00ed p\u0159etlakov\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 nebo se jedn\u00e1 o pacienta s\u00a0lehk\u00fdm stupn\u011bm syndromu sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 apnoe, lze po zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho ORL specialisty prov\u00e9st chirurgick\u00fd z\u00e1krok ke zpr\u016fchodn\u011bn\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest.<\/b>\u00a0Tyto z\u00e1kroky mohou tak\u00e9 zlep\u0161it toleranci pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje pro l\u00e9\u010dbu p\u0159etlakem. Samostatn\u00e1 operace bez pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159etlakov\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby m\u00e1 v\u0161ak ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost.<\/p>\n<p class=\"-wm-Normlnmini\"><b>Dal\u0161\u00ed metody, jako polohov\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba nebo pou\u017eit\u00ed mandibul\u00e1rn\u00edho protraktoru (za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je v\u00a0\u00fastech a p\u0159edsunuje doln\u00ed \u010delist b\u011bhem sp\u00e1nku), jsou tak\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u0159i nemo\u017enosti nastaven\u00ed p\u0159etlakov\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby nebo u leh\u010d\u00edch forem syndromu obstruk\u010dn\u00ed sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 apnoe.<\/b>\u00a0U pacient\u016f s\u00a0centr\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo sm\u00ed\u0161enou sp\u00e1nkovou apnoe \u010di s prok\u00e1zanou\u00a0hypoventilac\u00ed (stav, kdy doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0vzestupu oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho a k\u00a0poklesu kysl\u00edku v\u00a0krvi vlivem nedostate\u010dn\u00e9ho d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed) jsou vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny ventila\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u0159ady.<\/p>\n<div>\n<p class=\"-wm-Normlnmini\"><b>\u00dahrada p\u0159\u00edstroje pro l\u00e9\u010dbu p\u0159etlakem a d\u00fdchac\u00ed masky zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovnou<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"-wm-Normlnmini\"><b>P\u0159\u00edstroje pro l\u00e9\u010dbu sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 apnoe a jejich p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161enstv\u00ed (d\u00fdchac\u00ed maska, hadice, filtry) jsou zdravotnick\u00e9 prost\u0159edky, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed stanovenu v\u00fd\u0161i \u00fahrady z ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdravotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1konem.<\/b>\u00a0Po potvrzen\u00ed diagn\u00f3zy, ur\u010den\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho typu p\u0159\u00edstroje, stanoven\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edho nastaven\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje a \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m absolvov\u00e1n\u00ed zku\u0161ebn\u00ed f\u00e1ze, kdy si pacient p\u0159\u00edstroj vyzkou\u0161\u00ed bu\u010f ve sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 laborato\u0159i, nebo doma, je p\u0159i dolo\u017een\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9ho efektu l\u00e9\u010dby pod\u00e1na o\u0161et\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edm l\u00e9ka\u0159em \u017e\u00e1dost o \u00fahradu p\u0159\u00edstroje zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovn\u011b pacienta. Poji\u0161\u0165ovna posoud\u00ed spln\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech stanoven\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed a informace o schv\u00e1len\u00ed je n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159ed\u00e1na l\u00e9ka\u0159i sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9ho centra. Dodavatel zdravotnick\u00e9 techniky pot\u00e9 p\u0159iprav\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroj a p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 kompletn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161enstv\u00ed k p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed.<b>\u00a0P\u0159i p\u0159evzet\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje odborn\u00fd person\u00e1l pacienta za\u0161kol\u00ed v jeho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, \u00fadr\u017eb\u011b a p\u00e9\u010di o p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161enstv\u00ed. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed je tak\u00e9 podeps\u00e1n\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch dokument\u016f.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>(vzp)<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>OT\u00c1ZKA: Partnerka <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":370072,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/09\/ram-vzp.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/370071"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=370071"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/370071\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":370073,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/370071\/revisions\/370073"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/370072"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=370071"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=370071"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=370071"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}