{"id":367895,"date":"2026-02-06T12:08:53","date_gmt":"2026-02-06T11:08:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=367895"},"modified":"2026-02-06T12:10:38","modified_gmt":"2026-02-06T11:10:38","slug":"ceska-republika-oteplovani-oslabuje-prirozene-nepratele-hmyzu-ukazuje-novy-vyzkum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=367895","title":{"rendered":"\u010cESK\u00c1 REPUBLIKA: Oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed oslabuje p\u0159irozen\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00e1tele hmyzu"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Otepluj\u00edc\u00ed se klima naru\u0161uje jemnou rovnov\u00e1hu v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed t\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016f pod veden\u00edm entomolog\u016f z Biologick\u00e9ho centra Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR zjistil, \u017ee vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teploty v\u00fdrazn\u011b sni\u017euj\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nost parazitoid\u016f \u2013 drobn\u00fdch vosi\u010dek, kter\u00e9 v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b pom\u00e1haj\u00ed regulovat populace hmyzu. \u0160patn\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va je to i pro zem\u011bd\u011blce, kte\u0159\u00ed tyto vosi\u010dky vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako sou\u010d\u00e1st ochrany rostlin p\u0159ed hmyz\u00edmi \u0161k\u016fdci. V\u00fdsledky studie byly publikov\u00e1ny v presti\u017en\u00edm \u010dasopise Ecology Letters<\/a>.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Parazitick\u00e9 vosi\u010dky kladou sv\u00e1 vaj\u00ed\u010dka do t\u011bla nebo na t\u011bla jin\u00e9ho hmyzu. Jejich larvy se pak v hostiteli vyv\u00edjej\u00ed, \u017eiv\u00ed se j\u00edm a postupn\u011b ho zahub\u00ed. D\u00edky tomu p\u016fsob\u00ed parazitoidi jako neviditeln\u00e1 kontroln\u00ed s\u00edla proti p\u0159emno\u017een\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho hmyzu. Pom\u00e1haj\u00ed tak udr\u017eovat rovnov\u00e1hu nejen v p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch ekosyst\u00e9mech, ale uplatn\u011bn\u00ed nach\u00e1zej\u00ed i v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v sadech, na pol\u00edch a ve sklen\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159i produkci ovoce.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 studie v\u0161ak ukazuje, \u017ee s rostouc\u00edmi teplotami se m\u016f\u017ee role parazitoid\u016f oslabit. V\u011bdci experiment\u00e1ln\u011b sledovali 28 r\u016fzn\u00fdch vztah\u016f mezi parazitoidy a jejich hostiteli p\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 teplot\u011b 24 \u00b0C a p\u0159i oteplen\u00ed o \u010dty\u0159i stupn\u011b na 28 \u00b0C. Zjistili, \u017ee p\u0159i vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teplot\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b klesla \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nost v\u00fdvoje parazitoid\u016f a tak\u00e9 se jim z\u00fa\u017eil \u201ej\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek\u201c, parazitoidi toti\u017e nedok\u00e1zali napadat tolik hostitelsk\u00fdch druh\u016f. Samotn\u00ed hostitel\u00e9 byli p\u0159itom oteplen\u00edm zasa\u017eeni podstatn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b. \u201eTo znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se naru\u0161uje rovnov\u00e1ha mezi hmyzem a jeho p\u0159irozen\u00fdmi nep\u0159\u00e1teli. Parazitoidi ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed schopnost pru\u017en\u011b reagovat na zm\u011bny v dostupnosti hostitel\u016f,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje hlavn\u00ed autor studie Jan Hr\u010dek z Biologick\u00e9ho centra AV \u010cR.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkum zahrnoval \u010dty\u0159i druhy tropick\u00fdch parazitick\u00fdch vosi\u010dek a sedm druh\u016f hostitel\u016f. \u201eParazitoidi reagovali stejn\u011b, p\u0159esto\u017ee jsme pracovali s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi evolu\u010dn\u00edmi liniemi star\u0161\u00edmi ne\u017e dinosau\u0159i. Vzhledem k jejich tropick\u00e9mu p\u016fvodu by se dalo o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee se dok\u00e1\u017eou se zv\u00fd\u0161enou teplotou vyrovnat, ale nen\u00ed tomu tak. Je tedy pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee nejde o v\u00fdjimku, ale o obecn\u00fd biologick\u00fd jev,\u201c<\/em> upozor\u0148uje Jan Hr\u010dek.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci testovali tak\u00e9 opa\u010dn\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159, kdy p\u016fvodn\u00ed teplotu o \u010dty\u0159i stupn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eili. Ochlazen\u00ed na 20 \u00b0C m\u011blo v\u0161ak jen m\u00edrn\u00fd dopad jak na parazitoidy, tak na jejich hostitele, co\u017e potvrzuje, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed riziko.<\/p>\n

Parazitoidi jsou d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ochrany rostlin p\u0159ed hmyz\u00edmi \u0161k\u016fdci. Pokud se jejich role vinou teplotn\u00edch zm\u011bn oslab\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee doch\u00e1zet k p\u0159emno\u017een\u00ed populac\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho hmyzu. To by mohlo v\u00e9st k vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm ztr\u00e1t\u00e1m v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pot\u0159eb\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat chemick\u00e9 pesticidy a dal\u0161\u00edmu naru\u0161en\u00ed stability ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f. Studie tak ukazuje, \u017ee dopady klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny nejsou jen ot\u00e1zkou p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch druh\u016f, ale i fungov\u00e1n\u00ed potravn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Text a foto: (tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  Otepluj\u00edc\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":367896,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[128,174],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/06\/av-cr-oteplovani-1.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/367895"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=367895"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/367895\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":367902,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/367895\/revisions\/367902"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/367896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=367895"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=367895"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=367895"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}