{"id":366969,"date":"2026-01-22T19:10:25","date_gmt":"2026-01-22T18:10:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=366969"},"modified":"2026-01-22T19:12:32","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T18:12:32","slug":"ceska-republika-vlastovky-se-uci-zkusenost-z-hnizdeni-zlepsuje-peci-o-hnizdo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=366969","title":{"rendered":"\u010cESK\u00c1 REPUBLIKA: Nov\u00e1 studie. Vla\u0161tovky se u\u010d\u00ed. Zku\u0161enost z hn\u00edzd\u011bn\u00ed zlep\u0161uje jejich p\u00e9\u010di o hn\u00edzdo"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto: pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Vla\u0161tovky dok\u00e1\u017eou odstranit ciz\u00ed vejce z hn\u00edzda, p\u0159esto\u017ee nemaj\u00ed \u201ep\u0159edstavu\u201c o tom, jak by jejich vlastn\u00ed vejce m\u011bla vypadat. Nov\u00e1 studie v\u011bdc\u016f z \u00dastavu biologie obratlovc\u016f Akademie v\u011bd, publikovan\u00e1 v presti\u017en\u00edm \u010dasopise <\/strong>Biology Letters,<\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed nov\u00fd pohled na chov\u00e1n\u00ed pt\u00e1k\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s\u00a0hygienou hn\u00edzda a obranou proti hn\u00edzdn\u00edmu parazitismu.<\/strong><\/h6>\n

\"\"V\u011bdci testovali chov\u00e1n\u00ed samic vla\u0161tovky obecn\u00e9 (Hirundo rustica<\/em>) je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed za\u010d\u00e1tkem sn\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed.\u00a0\u201eN\u011bkolik dn\u00ed p\u0159ed snesen\u00edm prvn\u00edho vejce jsme\u00a0<\/em>do pr\u00e1zdn\u00fdch hn\u00edzd vlo\u017eili bu\u010f um\u011bl\u00e9 vejce napodobuj\u00edc\u00ed vla\u0161tov\u010d\u00ed vejce (tzv. vejce mimetick\u00e9), nebo n\u00e1padn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9 modr\u00e9 vejce (vejce nemimetick\u00e9) a sledovali reakci vla\u0161tovek. D\u00edky dlouhodob\u00e9mu v\u00fdzkumu vla\u0161tovek na T\u0159ebo\u0148sku jsme mohli porovnat chov\u00e1n\u00ed zku\u0161en\u00fdch samic, kter\u00e9 hn\u00edzdily v\u00a0p\u0159edchoz\u00edch letech, s t\u011bmi, kter\u00e9 hn\u00edzdily poprv\u00e9,\u201c<\/em>\u00a0vysv\u011btluje Michal \u0160ulc z\u00a0\u00dastavu biologie obratlovc\u016f AV \u010cR (\u00daBO AV \u010cR) pr\u016fb\u011bh experimentu.<\/p>\n

Schopnost poznat vlastn\u00ed vejce je pro \u0159adu pta\u010d\u00edch druh\u016f z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad u druh\u016f hn\u00edzd\u00edc\u00edch v hust\u00fdch koloni\u00edch, kde jsou jednotliv\u00e1 hn\u00edzda od sebe vzd\u00e1lena jen n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek centimetr\u016f, m\u016f\u017ee vzhled vajec rodi\u010d\u016fm pomoci poznat jejich vlastn\u00ed sn\u016f\u0161ku. U hostitel\u016f hn\u00edzdn\u00edch parazit\u016f je tato dovednost je\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2013 ciz\u00ed vejce mohou ohrozit p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed vlastn\u00edho potomstva. Dosud v\u0161ak nebylo jasn\u00e9, zda maj\u00ed pt\u00e1ci schopnost poznat vlastn\u00ed vejce vrozenou, nebo se ji u\u010d\u00ed a\u017e v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u017eivota.<\/p>\n

Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 zku\u0161enost rozhoduje<\/strong><\/h6>\n

V\u00fdsledky uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee jak vla\u0161tov\u010d\u00ed samice hn\u00edzd\u00edc\u00ed poprv\u00e9, tak ani ty zku\u0161en\u00e9 nerozli\u0161ovaly mezi ob\u011bma typy nab\u00eddnut\u00fdch vajec. Rozd\u00edl v\u00a0chov\u00e1n\u00ed vla\u0161tovek se projevoval v celkov\u00e9 ochot\u011b vejce z hn\u00edzda odstranit \u2013 nej\u010dast\u011bji reagovaly samice s ned\u00e1vnou hn\u00edzdn\u00ed zku\u0161enost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eZjistili jsme, \u017ee vla\u0161tovky nemaj\u00ed vrozen\u00fd obraz vlastn\u00edch vajec a ani se jej z\u0159ejm\u011b neu\u010d\u00ed,\u201c<\/em>\u00a0vysv\u011btluje Lisandrina Mari, prvn\u00ed autorka studie z\u00a0\u00daBO AV \u010cR a Univerzity Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 ve Finsku.\u00a0\u201eKl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 je ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 zku\u0161enost s hn\u00edzd\u011bn\u00edm. Vla\u0161tovky v\u00a0\u010cR \u010dasto hn\u00edzd\u00ed i dvakr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b, a \u010derstv\u00e1 zku\u0161enost zvy\u0161uje jejich pozornost v\u016f\u010di obsahu hn\u00edzda.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Podle autor\u016f studie je rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed si vlastn\u00edho kladen\u00ed vajec ne\u017e jejich vzhled. Pokud se v hn\u00edzd\u011b objev\u00ed vejce d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e samice za\u010dne sn\u00e1\u0161et, je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee jej odstran\u00ed \u2013 a tato reakce se s ned\u00e1vnou hn\u00edzdn\u00ed zku\u0161enost\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b posiluje.<\/p>\n

Hygiena hn\u00edzda podporuje \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 hn\u00edzd\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong><\/h6>\n

\u201eNa\u0161e v\u00fdsledky nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee jde o obecn\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed spojen\u00e9 s hygienou hn\u00edzda, nikoli o specializovanou obranu proti hn\u00edzdn\u00edm parazit\u016fm,\u201c<\/em>\u00a0\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Michal \u0160ulc.\u00a0\u201eVla\u0161tovky toti\u017e b\u011b\u017en\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve pou\u017eit\u00e1 hn\u00edzda, kde mohou z\u016fstat nevyl\u00edhnut\u00e1 vejce z p\u0159edchoz\u00edho hn\u00edzd\u011bn\u00ed. Jejich odstran\u011bn\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou inkubaci nov\u00fdch vajec.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkum z\u00e1rove\u0148 ukazuje, \u017ee zku\u0161enost z\u00edskan\u00e1 b\u011bhem jedn\u00e9 hn\u00edzdn\u00ed sez\u00f3ny m\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vliv ne\u017e zku\u0161enost star\u0161\u00ed. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b chov\u00e1n\u00ed ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed i kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 fyziologick\u00e9 \u010di hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bny spojen\u00e9 s rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm.\u00a0\u201eSamice mohou b\u011bhem sez\u00f3ny proch\u00e1zet zm\u011bnami, kter\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed jejich schopnost udr\u017eovat hn\u00edzdo \u010dist\u00e9 a p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 ke sn\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed,\u201c\u00a0<\/em>dopl\u0148uje Michal \u0160ulc.<\/p>\n

Studie p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k lep\u0161\u00edmu pochopen\u00ed, jak individu\u00e1ln\u00ed zku\u0161enost pt\u00e1k\u016f zlep\u0161uje p\u00e9\u010di o hn\u00edzdo a obranu proti hn\u00edzdn\u00edmu parazitismu. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 ukazuje, \u017ee i zd\u00e1nliv\u011b slo\u017eit\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u0159\u00edzeno pom\u011brn\u011b jednoduch\u00fdmi mechanismy.<\/p>\n

Odkaz na publikaci: Mari L. et al. (2025):\u00a0Recent breeding experience improves egg ejection behaviour<\/em>.\u00a0Biology Letters<\/em>:\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbl.2025.0615<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

(tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Vla\u0161tovky <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":271009,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,174],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/10\/vla\u0161tovky.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/366969"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=366969"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/366969\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":366974,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/366969\/revisions\/366974"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/271009"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=366969"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=366969"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=366969"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}