{"id":365427,"date":"2026-01-02T16:55:01","date_gmt":"2026-01-02T15:55:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=365427"},"modified":"2026-01-02T16:55:01","modified_gmt":"2026-01-02T15:55:01","slug":"aktuality-tetrev-hlusec-ikona-sumavskych-navratu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=365427","title":{"rendered":"AKTUALITY: Tet\u0159ev hlu\u0161ec \u2013 ikona \u0161umavsk\u00fdch n\u00e1vrat\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Tet\u0159ev hlu\u0161ec pat\u0159\u00ed jednozna\u010dn\u011b mezi ikonick\u00e9 druhy \u0160umavy. Aby tak\u00e9 ne, kdy\u017e je na \u0160umav\u011b n\u011bkde omezen vstup ve\u0159ejnosti a d\u016fvodem, je v\u011bt\u0161inou dlouhodob\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost tet\u0159eva. I kdy\u017e, tato omezen\u00ed se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed jen mal\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti cel\u00e9 \u0160umavy \u2013 je to n\u011bco p\u0159es deset procent nep\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdch m\u00edst z cel\u00e9 rozlohy n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku. Ale i to sta\u010d\u00ed, aby se v o\u010d\u00edch n\u011bkter\u00fdch n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f stal nep\u0159\u00edtelem.<\/h6>\n

D\u0159\u00edve tet\u0159ev hlu\u0161ec ob\u00fdval v\u011bt\u0161inu les\u016f na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky. Je\u0161t\u011b mezi I. a II. sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lkou se tet\u0159ev vyskytoval ve v\u0161ech \u010desk\u00fdch a moravsk\u00fdch pohrani\u010dn\u00edch hor\u00e1ch, ale i ve vnitrozem\u00ed. Podle historick\u00fdch pramen\u016f se jejich po\u010det pohyboval okolo 12 tis\u00edc kus\u016f. O necel\u00e9 p\u016fl stolet\u00ed pozd\u011bji, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b v roce 1967, se u\u017e musel z\u00e1konem omezovat jejich lov. Nejd\u0159\u00edve byl zak\u00e1z\u00e1n lov tet\u0159ev\u00edch slepic, z\u00e1kaz lovu kohout\u016f ve\u0161el v platnost a\u017e o jeden\u00e1ct let pozd\u011bji. V roce 1973 nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 lovit tet\u0159evy tak\u00e9 v Bavorsku.<\/p>\n

\u201eTo u\u017e ale tet\u0159evovi zvonil um\u00edr\u00e1\u010dek,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 mluv\u010d\u00ed spr\u00e1vy NP \u0160umava Jan Dvo\u0159\u00e1k. Z podh\u016f\u0159\u00ed \u0160umavy tet\u0159evi zcela vymizeli a i \u010d\u00e1st populace ob\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti poho\u0159\u00ed byla na hran\u011b p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed. Po\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed populace z\u016fstala pouze v oblastech z\u00e1padn\u00ed a centr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0160umavy, v \u00fazem\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9ho hrani\u010dn\u00edho p\u00e1sma a vojensk\u00e9ho prostoru.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed odhad tet\u0159ev\u00ed populace provedla Spr\u00e1va NP \u0160umava u\u017e v roce 1991. V\u00fdsledek \u2013 zhruba 100 jedinc\u016f \u2013 nebyl nijak povzbudiv\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo. Tak mal\u00e1 populace byla prakticky na hranici vyhynut\u00ed. V tomto obdob\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1valo t\u011b\u017ei\u0161t\u011b tet\u0159ev\u00ed populace hlavn\u011b v centr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti \u0160umavy. Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed bylo to, \u017ee klidov\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed bylo vyt\u00fd\u010deno na velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti Modravsk\u00fdch slat\u00ed, kde p\u0159e\u017eila nejsouvislej\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st populace. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 byla i ochrana nedalek\u00fdch ostrovn\u00edch populac\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v \u010d\u00e1sti CHKO v Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9m hvozdu na \u017deleznorudsku. Naproti tomu z Trojmezn\u00e9 tet\u0159evi t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zcela vymizeli.<\/p>\n

To se ale za\u010dalo m\u011bnit u\u017e ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 90. let. \u201ePo\u010detnost tet\u0159ev\u00ed populace na \u0160umav\u011b m\u00edrn\u011b rostla a tito vz\u00e1cn\u00ed pt\u00e1ci se za\u010dali objevovat i v m\u00edstech, kde do t\u00e9 doby nebyli zachyceni, nap\u0159\u00edklad na Smr\u010din\u011b nebo na Trojmezn\u00e9<\/em>\u201c vzpom\u00edn\u00e1 \u0159editel Spr\u00e1vy NP \u0160umava Pavel Huben\u00fd.<\/p>\n

V roce 2009 se rozb\u011bhl prvn\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd monitoring tet\u0159ev\u00ed populace na \u00fazem\u00ed \u0160umavy a Bavorsk\u00e9ho lesa za vyu\u017eit\u00ed metody rozboru DNA. Dva roky sb\u00edrali nejen zam\u011bstnanci spr\u00e1v n\u00e1rodn\u00edch park\u016f, ale i dobrovoln\u00edci tet\u0159ev\u00ed trus, kter\u00fd se d\u00e1l analyzoval a pod\u00e1val tak mnoh\u00e9 zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 informace. Odborn\u00edci se dozv\u00eddali nap\u0159\u00edklad to, jak vysok\u00e1 m\u00edra stresov\u00fdch hormon\u016f ovliv\u0148uje chov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto pt\u00e1k\u016f. A uk\u00e1zalo se tak\u00e9 to hlavn\u00ed \u2013 kolik tet\u0159ev\u016f na \u00fazem\u00ed obou n\u00e1rodn\u00edch park\u016f a p\u0159ilehl\u00fdch oblast\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b \u017eije.<\/p>\n

Modelov\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty pro odhad velikosti populace p\u016fvodn\u011b uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee na \u0160umav\u011b v obdob\u00ed 2009\u20132011 \u017eilo 556 jedinc\u016f tet\u0159ev\u016f, z toho jedna t\u0159etina mimo n\u00e1rodn\u00ed parky \u2013 v CHKO \u0160umava a v pta\u010d\u00edch oblastech Grosser Arber, Kleiner Arber a Schwarzeck. Ov\u0161em v roce 2025, kdy nechala Spr\u00e1va NP \u0160umava v\u00fdsledky p\u0159ekontrolovat, se prok\u00e1zala chyba v odhadovan\u00e9 po\u010detnosti. Spr\u00e1vn\u00fd odhad po\u010detnosti v\u00e1\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se k tomuto obdob\u00ed je zhruba 470 jedinc\u016f.<\/p>\n

\u00dapln\u011b stejnou chybu p\u0159i vyu\u017eit\u00ed cel\u00e9 \u0159ady odhadn\u00edch matematick\u00fdch model\u016f, kter\u00e9 p\u0159i spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m za\u0159azen\u00ed a propojen\u00ed daj\u00ed ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu o velikosti populace, bohu\u017eel ud\u011blal zhotovitel i v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch dvou rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch monitorinz\u00edch. D\u00edky op\u011btovn\u00e9mu p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech model\u016f d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch pro odhad populace, kter\u00e9 si vy\u017e\u00e1dala Spr\u00e1va N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku \u0160umava, do\u0161lo ke zp\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed odhadu celkov\u00e9 populace. Skv\u011bl\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va je, \u017ee i v nov\u011b opraven\u00fdch v\u00fdsledc\u00edch po\u010detnost tet\u0159ev\u00ed populace z\u0159eteln\u011b roste.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed v letech 2016\/2017 tak neprok\u00e1zaly p\u016fvodn\u00ed odhad 605 jedinc\u016f, ale skoro 645. Korekce v\u00fdsledk\u016f zat\u00edm posledn\u00edho monitoringu uk\u00e1zala odhad 765 jedinc\u016f m\u00edsto p\u016fvodn\u011b uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch 867.<\/p>\n

\u201eNejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nem\u011bnn\u00e9 – i po p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech spole\u010dn\u00fdch s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed ukazuj\u00ed v\u00fdsledky nad\u00e1le pozitivn\u00ed trend v\u00fdvoje tet\u0159ev\u00ed populace na \u0160umav\u011b a v Bavorsk\u00e9m lese, s n\u00e1r\u016fstem mezi prvn\u00edm a t\u0159et\u00edm monitoringem o zhruba 300 jedinc\u016f,\u201c<\/em> zmi\u0148uje mluv\u010d\u00ed Spr\u00e1vy NP \u0160umava Jan Dvo\u0159\u00e1k.<\/p>\n

\u201eA proto\u017ee vstupn\u00ed, tzv. surov\u00e1 data byla v po\u0159\u00e1dku, chyba se stala pouze v r\u00e1mci pou\u017eit\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti model\u016f, m\u016f\u017eeme bez probl\u00e9m\u016f pokra\u010dovat v tomto monitoringu i v budoucnu. Dal\u0161\u00ed s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed prob\u011bhne pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ke konci aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed dek\u00e1dy,\u201c<\/em> dopl\u0148uje Jan Dvo\u0159\u00e1k.<\/p>\n

Jist\u00e9 je, \u017ee populace tet\u0159eva na \u0160umav\u011b a v Bavorsk\u00e9m lese se u\u017e dostala p\u0159es kritickou hranici 470 jedinc\u016f, kterou odborn\u00edci ur\u010dili jako nezbytnou pro dlouhodob\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed tohoto druhu na \u0160umav\u011b. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu t\u0159iceti let se nav\u00edc tet\u0159evi dostali i do m\u00edst, odkud d\u0159\u00edve vymizeli. D\u00edky rostouc\u00ed populaci mo\u017en\u00e1 bude za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek povolen p\u0159\u00edstup k hrani\u010dn\u00edmu p\u0159echodu Modr\u00fd Sloup, ale proto\u017ee \u0160umava z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 hlavn\u00edm m\u00edstem s \u017eivotaschopnou populac\u00ed tet\u0159eva ve st\u0159edn\u00ed a velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropy mimo Alpy, bude i nad\u00e1le nutn\u00e9 mu ponechat \u010d\u00e1st \u00fazem\u00ed pro jeho neru\u0161en\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p>\n

\u201eStala se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e1 v\u011bc: Zat\u00edmco v \u010d\u00e1sti Evropy po\u010dty tet\u0159ev\u016f st\u00e1le klesaj\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad na Slovensku, na \u0160umav\u011b p\u0159e\u017eil a jeho populace postupn\u011b s\u00edl\u00ed. Tet\u0159eva potk\u00e1me dnes i v les\u00edch v okol\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku, podobn\u011b, jako tomu b\u00fdvalo naposledy n\u011bkdy v polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> shrnuje \u0159editel Pavel Huben\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\u201eUr\u010dit\u011b pomohla p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 ochrana jeho domovsk\u00fdch okrsk\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 zm\u011bny, kter\u00e9 se odehr\u00e1ly s lesem. Polomy a k\u016frovec postupn\u011b prosv\u011btlily velk\u00e9 plochy p\u016fvodn\u011b kompaktn\u00edho smrkov\u00e9ho lesa, ve sv\u011btlin\u00e1ch a v mezer\u00e1ch mezi padl\u00fdmi stromy te\u010f bohat\u011b plod\u00ed bor\u016fvky a brusinky, je zde hodn\u011b hmyzu, kter\u00fd je nesm\u00edrn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eitou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed potravy zejm\u00e9na pro mal\u00e1 ku\u0159ata. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee se n\u00e1m povedlo dop\u0159\u00e1t tet\u0159ev\u016fm skute\u010dn\u00fd tet\u0159ev\u00ed les,\u201c<\/em> zakon\u010duje.<\/p>\n

Text a foto: (tz-np\u0161)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  Tet\u0159ev <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":365429,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[179],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/02\/nove-tetrev.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/365427"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=365427"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/365427\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":365430,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/365427\/revisions\/365430"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/365429"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=365427"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=365427"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=365427"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}