{"id":365137,"date":"2025-12-29T08:49:51","date_gmt":"2025-12-29T07:49:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=365137"},"modified":"2025-12-29T08:49:51","modified_gmt":"2025-12-29T07:49:51","slug":"vseobecna-zdravotni-pojistovna-vliv-alkoholu-na-funkci-jater","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=365137","title":{"rendered":"V\u0160EOBECN\u00c1 ZDRAVOTN\u00cd POJI\u0160\u0164OVNA: Vliv alkoholu na funkci jater"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

OT\u00c1ZKA:<\/h6>\n
M\u016f\u017ee konzumace alkoholu v\u00e9st k\u00a0nevratn\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed funkce jater?<\/b><\/h6>\n
ODPOV\u011a\u010e:<\/h6>\n

J\u00e1tra jsou jedn\u00edm z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f v lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble. Nach\u00e1zej\u00ed se v prav\u00e9 horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti dutiny b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed pod br\u00e1nic\u00ed a u dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho jedince v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b jeden a p\u016fl kilogramu.\u00a0Tento org\u00e1n zast\u00e1v\u00e1 celou \u0159adu \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch funkc\u00ed.<\/b>\u00a0Detoxikuje a \u010dist\u00ed krev od \u0161kodlivin (toxiny, alkohol, l\u00e9ky)<\/b>\u00a0a odpadn\u00edch l\u00e1tek vznikl\u00fdch p\u0159i metabolismu.\u00a0<\/b>Pod\u00edl\u00ed se na regulaci hladiny cukru v\u00a0krvi a na zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed cukr\u016f, tuk\u016f a b\u00edlkovin, je\u017e p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje na energii, kterou p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 do z\u00e1soby. Produkuje \u017elu\u010d nezbytnou pro tr\u00e1ven\u00ed tuk\u016f, d\u00e1le n\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 b\u00edlkoviny a hormony a funguje jako z\u00e1sob\u00e1rna vitam\u00edn\u016f a miner\u00e1l\u016f.<\/b><\/p>\n

Jak alkohol p\u016fsob\u00ed na j\u00e1tra?<\/b><\/p>\n

J\u00e1tra jsou org\u00e1nem, kter\u00fd v\u00a0t\u011ble odbour\u00e1v\u00e1 alkohol. Jeho pravideln\u00e1 a nadm\u011brn\u00e1 konzumace je<\/b>\u00a0pro j\u00e1tra velmi zat\u011b\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed a je<\/b>\u00a0jednou z hlavn\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din jejich n\u011bkdy i trval\u00e9ho po\u0161kozen\u00ed a\u017e mo\u017en\u00e9ho selh\u00e1n\u00ed. Produktem odbour\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed alkoholu v\u00a0t\u011ble je acetyldehyd, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee po\u0161kodit r\u016fzn\u00e9 org\u00e1ny lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011bla.\u00a0<\/strong>Po\u0161kozen\u00ed jater prob\u00edh\u00e1 \u010dasto nen\u00e1padn\u011b a bez p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f. V\u00a0d\u016fsledku zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9\u00a0konzumace alkoholu tak m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt ke vzniku\u00a0onemocn\u011bn\u00ed jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

Ztu\u010dn\u011bn\u00ed jater (steat\u00f3za)<\/u><\/p>\n

V prvn\u00ed f\u00e1zi po\u0161kozen\u00ed jater doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0tzv.\u00a0steat\u00f3ze neboli ztu\u010dn\u011bn\u00ed jater.<\/b>\u00a0Je\u00a0to stav charakterizovan\u00fd nadm\u011brn\u00fdm ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm tuku (lipid\u016f) v jatern\u00edch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch,\u00a0co\u017e naru\u0161uje jejich funkci.\u00a0Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami jsou nadm\u011brn\u00e1 konzumace alkoholu\u00a0<\/b>(tzv. alkoholov\u00e1 steat\u00f3za).\u00a0<\/b>P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou mohou b\u00fdt i metabolick\u00e9 faktory (hlavn\u011b obezita, cukrovka 2. typu, vysok\u00e1 hladina cholesterolu) nebo n\u011bkter\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e1 vedou k tzv.\u00a0nealkoholov\u00e9 steat\u00f3ze jater<\/strong>.\u00a0V ran\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch nemus\u00ed pacient poci\u0165ovat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 obt\u00ed\u017ee, v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch se m\u016f\u017ee steat\u00f3za jater projevovat \u00fanavou, nevolnost\u00ed,\u00a0pocitem tlaku v prav\u00e9m pod\u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u00a0nebo \u017elut\u00fdm zabarven\u00edm o\u010dn\u00edho b\u011blma \u010di k\u016f\u017ee (\u017eloutenkou). \u010casem m\u016f\u017ee steat\u00f3za jater p\u0159ej\u00edt v z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, a to a\u017e v jatern\u00ed cirh\u00f3zu.<\/b>\u00a0Dojde-li k<\/b>\u00a0eliminaci alkoholu ve stadiu jatern\u00ed steat\u00f3zy, m\u016f\u017ee se jatern\u00ed tk\u00e1\u0148 pln\u011b obnovit.<\/b>\u00a0V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nealkoholov\u00e9 steat\u00f3zy\u00a0je krom\u011b vylou\u010den\u00ed alkoholu t\u0159eba upravit i \u017eivotn\u00ed styl (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm redukce hmotnosti, pohyb, zdrav\u00e1 a vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e1 strava).<\/b><\/p>\n

Alkoholick\u00e1 (alkoholov\u00e1) hepatitida<\/u><\/p>\n

Alkoholick\u00e1 hepatitida (z\u00e1n\u011bt jatern\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b) m\u016f\u017ee vzniknout po jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9m nadm\u011brn\u00e9m u\u017eit\u00ed alkoholu u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka. Osoby pravideln\u011b konzumuj\u00edc\u00ed alkohol v\u0161ak maj\u00ed riziko jej\u00edho vzniku vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed.\u00a0<\/b>Vede k\u00a0z\u00e1n\u011btu a otoku jater a m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit jejich trval\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed. Mezi hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky pat\u0159\u00ed jako u steat\u00f3zy nevolnost, \u017eloutenka, \u00fanava, zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00e1 a citliv\u00e1 j\u00e1tra a bolesti b\u0159icha.\u00a0V m\u00edrn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edznaky zjevn\u00e9 a diagn\u00f3za se stanov\u00ed nap\u0159. p\u0159i pravideln\u00e9 preventivn\u00ed prohl\u00eddce jatern\u00edmi testy a l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdm vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00edm.<\/b>\u00a0T\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 forma alkoholick\u00e9 hepatitidy je \u017eivot ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed a vy\u017eaduje okam\u017eitou hospitalizaci a intenzivn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbu.\u00a0Po\u0161kozen\u00ed jater m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b vratn\u00e9 p\u0159i abstinenci, ale p\u0159i pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed konzumaci alkoholu m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9mu selh\u00e1n\u00ed jater nebo i smrti.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Cirh\u00f3za jater<\/u><\/p>\n

Dlouhodob\u00e1 nadm\u011brn\u00e1 konzumace alkoholu m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k jatern\u00ed cirh\u00f3ze, co\u017e je z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 chronick\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m doch\u00e1z\u00ed k nevratn\u00e9 p\u0159estavb\u011b jatern\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b a c\u00e9vn\u00edho \u0159e\u010di\u0161t\u011b.<\/b>\u00a0Cirh\u00f3za se projevuje otoky kon\u010detin, krv\u00e1civ\u00fdmi projevy, poruchami v\u011bdom\u00ed, hromad\u011bn\u00edm tekutiny v b\u0159i\u0161e a postupn\u00fdm selh\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm organismu.\u00a0V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi je riziko \u017eivot ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00edch komplikac\u00ed velmi vysok\u00e9. Po\u0161kozen\u00e1 struktura jater ji\u017e nelze obnovit.<\/b>\u00a0L\u00e9\u010dba se zam\u011b\u0159uje na zpomalen\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho zhor\u0161en\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, odstran\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010din, podp\u016frnou terapii a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch komplikac\u00ed. U pacient\u016f s pokro\u010dilou cirh\u00f3zou a selh\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm jatern\u00edch funkc\u00ed se jako jedin\u00e1 mo\u017enost l\u00e9\u010dby zva\u017euje transplantace jater (za p\u0159edpokladu alkoholov\u00e9 abstinence).\u00a0Cirh\u00f3za nav\u00edc v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161uje riziko vzniku zhoubn\u00e9ho n\u00e1doru jater<\/b>.\u00a0U pacient\u016f s cirh\u00f3zou je proto nutn\u00e9 pravideln\u00e9 sledov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/b>.<\/u><\/p>\n

\n

Kdy nav\u0161t\u00edvit l\u00e9ka\u0159e?<\/b><\/p>\n

Od r. 2026 jsou laboratorn\u00ed jatern\u00ed testy sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed vstupn\u00ed preventivn\u00ed prohl\u00eddky u v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho praktick\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159e u v\u0161ech osob a tak\u00e9 preventivn\u00ed prohl\u00eddky od 45 let v\u011bku ve dvoulet\u00fdch intervalech u osob s\u00a0rizikov\u00fdmi faktory chronick\u00e9ho jatern\u00edho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, i kdy\u017e jsou bez p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f tohoto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/b>.<\/b>\u00a0Funkce jater jsou vy\u0161et\u0159eny z\u00a0krevn\u00edho odb\u011bru,\u00a0jsou-li hodnoty neobvykl\u00e9, l\u00e9ka\u0159 m\u016f\u017ee doporu\u010dit dal\u0161\u00ed testy, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad s\u00e9rologie virov\u00fdch hepatitid, dal\u0161\u00ed laboratorn\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, nebo navrhnout dopl\u0148kov\u00e1 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, jako je ultrazvuk.\u00a0V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se prov\u00e1d\u00ed i elastografie (pomoc\u00ed ultrazvuku) pro zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed tuhosti jater.\u00a0V\u0161eobecn\u00fd praktick\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 by m\u011bl na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fdvoje klinick\u00e9ho stavu pacienta a laboratorn\u00edho n\u00e1lezu zv\u00e1\u017eit i odesl\u00e1n\u00ed do specializovan\u00e9 ambulance.<\/b><\/p>\n

V<\/b>\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zaznamen\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch varovn\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f\u00a0<\/b>(dlouhodob\u00e1 \u00fanava a slabost, nechutenstv\u00ed, nevolnost, bolest nebo tlak v prav\u00e9m pod\u017eeb\u0159\u00ed, \u017eloutenka, otoky nohou, hromad\u011bn\u00ed tekutiny v b\u0159i\u0161e, snadn\u00e1 tvorba mod\u0159in, krv\u00e1cen\u00ed a zmatenost nebo i poruchy v\u011bdom\u00ed)\u00a0je nutn\u00e9 vyhledat l\u00e9ka\u0159e.\u00a0<\/b>Tyto p\u0159\u00edznaky mohou signalizovat v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed jater. Dle z\u00e1va\u017enosti p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f je u m\u00edrn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch projev\u016f pacient obvykle vy\u0161et\u0159en u v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho praktick\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159e, u z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch stav\u016f prob\u00edh\u00e1 \u010dasto vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed a l\u00e9\u010dba za hospitalizace.\u00a0<\/b>Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm p\u0159edpokladem pro l\u00e9\u010dbu jatern\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed je v\u017edy vylou\u010den\u00ed alkoholu z konzumace<\/b>. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je tak\u00e9 spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 \u017eivotospr\u00e1va a pravideln\u00e9 kontroly u l\u00e9ka\u0159e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

(vzp)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

OT\u00c1ZKA: M\u016f\u017ee <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":365138,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/29\/ram-vzp-otazka.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/365137"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=365137"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/365137\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":365139,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/365137\/revisions\/365139"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/365138"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=365137"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=365137"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=365137"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}