{"id":364256,"date":"2025-12-26T23:00:15","date_gmt":"2025-12-26T22:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=364256"},"modified":"2025-12-26T23:01:08","modified_gmt":"2025-12-26T22:01:08","slug":"ceska-republika-kocka-divoka-je-zpet-v-luzickych-horach-letos-uspesne-vyvedla-mladata","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=364256","title":{"rendered":"\u010cESK\u00c1 REPUBLIKA: Ko\u010dka divok\u00e1 je zp\u011bt. V Lu\u017eick\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch vyvedla ml\u00e1\u010fata"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto: pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Vz\u00e1cn\u00fd druh \u0161elmy se po letech op\u011bt objevuje a rozmno\u017euje v Lu\u017eick\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch. Genetick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy z odebran\u00fdch vzork\u016f srsti a trusu, proveden\u00e9 v \u00dastavu biologie obratlovc\u016f Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR, jednozna\u010dn\u011b prok\u00e1zaly p\u0159\u00edtomnost ko\u010dky divok\u00e9. Monitoring z fotopast\u00ed Hnut\u00ed DUHA \u0160elmy, podpo\u0159en\u00fd dobrovoln\u00edky, nav\u00edc umo\u017enil z\u00edskat prvn\u00ed spolehliv\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o reprodukci tohoto kriticky ohro\u017een\u00e9ho druhu. Objev poskytuje nov\u00e9 poznatky o stavu populace a v\u00fdznamu ochrany p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Ko\u010dka divok\u00e1 (Felis silvestris) byla v \u010desk\u00e9 krajin\u011b dlouho pova\u017eov\u00e1na za vyhynulou. Jej\u00ed n\u00e1vrat dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed fotopasti i genetick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy. DNA z odebran\u00fdch vzork\u016f srsti a trusu prok\u00e1zala p\u0159\u00edtomnost samce ko\u010dky divok\u00e9. Ko\u010dka divok\u00e1 pat\u0159\u00ed k nejvz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm savc\u016fm \u010desk\u00e9 fauny, je zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdm druhem za\u0159azen\u00fdm na \u010cerven\u00fd seznam jako kriticky ohro\u017een\u00fd. Od ko\u010dky dom\u00e1c\u00ed se odli\u0161uje krat\u0161\u00edm mohutn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm ocasem s pruhy a tup\u00fdm koncem, v\u00fdraznou tenkou h\u0159betn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1rou a \u0161edohn\u011bd\u00fdm a\u017e \u0161edo\u017elut\u00fdm zbarven\u00edm srsti.<\/p>\n

Od stop ke genetick\u00e9mu d\u016fkazu<\/h6>\n

Monitoring je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9 \u010dinnosti Hnut\u00ed DUHA \u0160elmy: \u201eV roce 2022 se b\u011bhem zimy skupince pro\u0161kolen\u00fdch dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f Vl\u010d\u00edch a Rys\u00edch hl\u00eddek<\/strong><\/a> poda\u0159ilo objevit ve sn\u011bhu stopy mal\u00e9 ko\u010dkovit\u00e9 \u0161elmy. Stopy ko\u010dky divok\u00e9 bez dal\u0161\u00edch d\u016fkaz\u016f nelze jednozna\u010dn\u011b odli\u0161it od stop ko\u010dky dom\u00e1c\u00ed. Dobrovoln\u00edky v\u0161ak stopy dovedly do m\u00edst, kde se pozd\u011bji ko\u010dku divokou skute\u010dn\u011b poda\u0159ilo zachytit na fotopast,\u201c<\/em> popisuje Krist\u00fdna Chrobokov\u00e1, koordin\u00e1torka Vl\u010d\u00edch hl\u00eddek v Lu\u017eick\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch z Hnut\u00ed DUHA \u0160elmy. S v\u00fdzkumem tak v\u00fdznamn\u011b pom\u00e1haj\u00ed i dobrovoln\u00edci, jak se uk\u00e1zalo v tomto i d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech<\/strong><\/a> a v hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n

Rok 2025 p\u0159inesl z\u00e1sadn\u00ed posun: fotopasti zaznamenaly samce Jon\u00e1\u0161e a samici Tonku, kter\u00e1 na ja\u0159e p\u0159ivedla na sv\u011bt nejm\u00e9n\u011b t\u0159i ko\u0165ata. Anal\u00fdza DNA vzork\u016f srsti a trusu odebran\u00fdch z ter\u00e9nu potvrdila, \u017ee Jon\u00e1\u0161 je skute\u010dn\u011b ko\u010dka divok\u00e1. Anal\u00fdzy DNA provedl \u00dastav biologie obratlovc\u016f AV \u010cR v r\u00e1mci projektu Technologick\u00e9 agentury \u010cR financovan\u00e9ho z programu Prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro \u017eivot.<\/p>\n

\u201eNejspolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm d\u016fkazem p\u0159\u00edtomnosti ko\u010dky divok\u00e9 je anal\u00fdza DNA, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje odli\u0161it ko\u010dku divokou od ko\u010dky dom\u00e1c\u00ed, a identifikovat p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 hybridn\u00ed jedince. K z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed vzork\u016f slou\u017e\u00ed i neinvazivn\u00ed metody, nap\u0159\u00edklad chlupov\u00e9 pasti \u2013 d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 kol\u00edky navon\u011bn\u00e9 kozl\u00edkem l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdm,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 zoolo\u017eka Jarmila Krojerov\u00e1 z \u00dastavu biologie obratlovc\u016f Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR. Celkem se povedlo na ja\u0159e z\u00edskat dev\u011bt genetick\u00fdch vzork\u016f \u2013 dva vzorky trusu a sedm vzork\u016f srsti. \u201eProto\u017ee pohyb dvou jedinc\u016f byl v oblasti hodn\u011b intenzivn\u00ed, z\u00edskat takov\u00fd vzorek, kter\u00fd by neobsahoval DNA obou jedinc\u016f, se uk\u00e1zalo problematick\u00e9. Nakonec byl \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b analyzov\u00e1n jeden vzorek srsti z chlupov\u00e9 pasti a dva vzorky trusu. V\u0161echny pat\u0159ily zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9mu samci Jon\u00e1\u0161ovi. U samice Tonky, stejn\u011b jako u ko\u0165at, nebyl zat\u00edm genetick\u00fd p\u016fvod ov\u011b\u0159en, jeliko\u017e dosud nebyl z\u00edsk\u00e1n vhodn\u00fd genetick\u00fd vzorek k anal\u00fdze,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Jarmila Krojerov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Ko\u010dka divok\u00e1 hraje v lesn\u00edch ekosyst\u00e9mech d\u016fle\u017eitou roli \u2013 jej\u00ed potrava tvo\u0159en\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na drobn\u00fdmi hlodavci pom\u00e1h\u00e1 sni\u017eovat jejich po\u010detnost, chr\u00e1n\u00ed k\u016fru strom\u016f a sazenic p\u0159ed ohryzem a z\u00e1rove\u0148 omezuje \u0161kody na zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch plodin\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Vrac\u00ed se do \u010desk\u00fdch les\u016f<\/h6>\n

Ko\u010dka divok\u00e1 z \u010desk\u00e9 krajiny vymizela v pr\u016fb\u011bhu 19.\u201320. stolet\u00ed, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jako d\u016fsledek p\u0159em\u011bny p\u016fvodn\u00edch les\u016f na smrkov\u00e9 monokultury, intenzivn\u00edho hospoda\u0159en\u00ed a lovu. Po dlouhou dobu byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za vyhynulou. Nyn\u00ed se jej\u00ed v\u00fdskyt potvrzuje nejen v Lu\u017eick\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch, ale tak\u00e9 v Doupovsk\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch, na K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsku, Dob\u0159\u00ed\u0161sku, \u0160umav\u011b, v \u010cesk\u00e9m a Slavkovsk\u00e9m lese \u010di na moravsko-slovensk\u00e9m pomez\u00ed. V sousedn\u00edm \u010cesk\u00e9m \u0160v\u00fdcarsku byla tak\u00e9 zachycena, av\u0161ak bez genetick\u00e9ho ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

(tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Vz\u00e1cn\u00fd <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":364257,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/15\/kocka-divoka.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/364256"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=364256"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/364256\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":365013,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/364256\/revisions\/365013"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/364257"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=364256"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=364256"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=364256"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}