{"id":363172,"date":"2025-12-01T15:16:41","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T14:16:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=363172"},"modified":"2025-12-01T15:16:41","modified_gmt":"2025-12-01T14:16:41","slug":"vseobecna-zdravotni-pojistovna-za-10-let-se-zdvojnasobil-pocet-klientu-vzp-s-infekci-hiv-vloni-se-s-ni-lecilo-pres-3000-pojistencu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=363172","title":{"rendered":"V\u0160EOBECN\u00c1 ZDRAVOTN\u00cd POJI\u0160\u0164OVNA: Za 10 let se zdvojn\u00e1sobil po\u010det klient\u016f VZP s infekc\u00ed HIV, vloni se s n\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dilo p\u0159es 3000 poji\u0161t\u011bnc\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Infekce HIV by i p\u0159es modern\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbu m\u011bla z\u016fstat smrteln\u00fdm stra\u0161\u00e1kem. Nemocn\u00fdch ale v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1. Zat\u00edmco v\u00a0roce 2015 se s\u00a0infekc\u00ed HIV l\u00e9\u010dilo 1428 klient\u016f VZP, vloni u\u017e jich bylo 3027. Tak\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na l\u00e9\u010dbu t\u011bchto klient\u016f za dek\u00e1du vzrostly o v\u00edce ne\u017e 130 %, z\u00a0258 milion\u016f korun v\u00a0roce 2015 na lo\u0148sk\u00fdch 608 milion\u016f K\u010d. Tiskovou zpr\u00e1vu vyd\u00e1v\u00e1me ke Sv\u011btov\u00e9mu dni boje proti AIDS (1. prosince).<\/b><\/h6>\n

\u201eVe srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0jin\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty sv\u011bta a Evropy se jedn\u00e1 o relativn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo, i tak je nutn\u00e9 st\u00e1le p\u0159ipom\u00ednat rizika a zd\u016fraz\u0148ovat prevenci,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1\u00a0Jan Bodn\u00e1r, n\u00e1m\u011bstek \u0159editele VZP \u010cR pro zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di, a dod\u00e1v\u00e1: \u201e\u010cast\u011bji se s\u00a0touto infekc\u00ed l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed mu\u017ei ne\u017e \u017eeny. P\u0159ed deseti lety to bylo \u010dty\u0159n\u00e1sobn\u011b, vloni bylo mu\u017e\u016f t\u0159ikr\u00e1t v\u00edce ne\u017e \u017een.\u201c<\/p>\n

Diagn\u00f3zu HIV m\u00e1 u\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 10 let 32let\u00fd\u00a0Karelz\u00a0Prahy (jm\u00e9no jsme zm\u011bnili, VZP jeho identitu zn\u00e1). \u201eKdy\u017e mi \u0159ekli v\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed roku 2016, \u017ee jsem HIV pozitivn\u00ed, byl jsem v\u00a0\u0161oku. A to mi z\u016fstalo prvn\u00edch p\u011bt let. Nemohl jsem uv\u011b\u0159it, \u017ee jsem naka\u017een\u00fd. Nav\u00edc, kdy\u017e v\u00edm, \u017ee m\u011b nakazil schv\u00e1ln\u011b m\u016fj b\u00fdval\u00fd partner.\u201c<\/em> Pr\u00e1v\u011b absence partnersk\u00e9ho \u017eivota Petra tr\u00e1p\u00ed nejv\u00edce. \u201eV\u011bt\u0161ina potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch partner\u016f, a\u0165 u\u017e na vztah nebo jen pro intimn\u00ed chv\u00edle, odejde, kdy\u017e jim o sv\u00e9 diagn\u00f3ze \u0159eknu. Za tu dobu, co jsem pozitivn\u00ed, jsem m\u011bl zhruba t\u0159i partnersk\u00e9 vztahy. V\u0161echny skon\u010dily,\u201c<\/em> uzav\u00edr\u00e1 Karel s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee vlastn\u011b i ch\u00e1pe, kdy\u017e se lid\u00e9 HIV boj\u00ed a je to podle n\u011bj i dob\u0159e.<\/p>\n

\u201eP\u0159i t\u00e9to nemoci jsou z\u00e1sadn\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b prevence a tak\u00e9 pravideln\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed. Abychom zabr\u00e1nili \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed HIV, je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 mluvit o n\u011bm otev\u0159en\u011b, bez p\u0159edsudk\u016f, a nevystavovat osoby s HIV stigmatizaci \u010di diskriminaci. Jen tak se lid\u00e9 nebudou testov\u00e1n\u00ed vyh\u00fdbat,<\/em>\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1\u00a0Petr Kalla,\u00a0advok\u00e1t a b\u00fdval\u00fd p\u0159edseda \u010cesk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti AIDS pomoc, a dod\u00e1v\u00e1: \u201ePr\u00e1v\u011b stigmatizace a spole\u010densk\u00e9 p\u0159edsudky komplikuj\u00ed pohled na nemoc a jej\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbu. Stigmatizace se p\u0159itom v\u00a0podob\u011b sebestigmatizace mohou dopou\u0161t\u011bt i samotn\u00ed nemocn\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed probl\u00e9m s\u00a0p\u0159ijet\u00edm diagn\u00f3zy a sebe sam\u00fdch.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Z\u00a0\u00fadaj\u016f VZP vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159ed 10 lety bylo nejv\u00edce naka\u017een\u00fdch ve v\u011bkov\u00e9 skupin\u011b mezi 30 a 39 lety (483), vloni bylo nejv\u00edce klient\u016f s\u00a0HIV mezi 40 a 49 lety (1093). Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na l\u00e9\u010dbu klienta stouply za dek\u00e1du o 20 tis\u00edc na lo\u0148sk\u00fdch 201 tis\u00edc K\u010d.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

V\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice se p\u0159\u00edpady n\u00e1kazy HIV a nemoc AIDS sleduj\u00ed od roku 1985. Od t\u00e9 doby byl virus diagnostikov\u00e1n u 5100 lid\u00ed. Jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed\u00a0St\u00e1tn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed \u00fastav<\/strong><\/a>,<\/strong> z nich se u 956 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed AIDS projevilo a 420 lid\u00ed na n\u011bj zem\u0159elo. Za prvn\u00edch dev\u011bt m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f leto\u0161n\u00edho roku p\u0159ibylo 212 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f n\u00e1kazy HIV.<\/p>\n

Podle\u00a0Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0si dosud virus vy\u017e\u00e1dal odhadem p\u0159es 44 milion\u016f \u017eivot\u016f. Vloni to bylo odhadem 630 000 lid\u00ed a odhadem 1,3 milionu lid\u00ed se virem HIV nakazilo. Na infekci HIV neexistuje l\u00e9k. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b s p\u0159\u00edstupem k \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 prevenci, diagnostice, l\u00e9\u010db\u011b a p\u00e9\u010di o HIV, v\u010detn\u011b l\u00e9\u010dby oportunn\u00edch infekc\u00ed, se infekce HIV stala zvl\u00e1dnuteln\u00fdm chronick\u00fdm zdravotn\u00edm stavem, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje lidem \u017eij\u00edc\u00edm s HIV \u017e\u00edt dlouh\u00fd a zdrav\u00fd \u017eivot. V roce 2024 ze v\u0161ech lid\u00ed \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch s HIV znalo sv\u016fj status 87 %, 77 % dost\u00e1valo antiretrovirovou terapii a 73 % m\u011blo potla\u010denou virovou n\u00e1lo\u017e.<\/p>\n

\n

P\u0159\u00edznaky<\/b><\/p>\n

HIV\u00a0se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed snadn\u011bji v prvn\u00edch n\u011bkolika m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch po naka\u017een\u00ed, ale mnoho lid\u00ed o sv\u00e9m onemocn\u011bn\u00ed nemus\u00ed ani v\u011bd\u011bt. V prvn\u00edch n\u011bkolika t\u00fddnech po naka\u017een\u00ed se u lid\u00ed nemus\u00ed objevit \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky. Jin\u00ed mohou m\u00edt\u00a0p\u0159\u00edznaky podobn\u00e9 ch\u0159ipce<\/b>, v\u010detn\u011b hore\u010dky, bolesti hlavy, vyr\u00e1\u017eky nebo bolesti v\u00a0krku.\u00a0Infekce postupn\u011b oslabuje imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m a mohou se objevit i dal\u0161\u00ed symptomy<\/b>, jako je \u00fabytek hmotnosti, hore\u010dka, pr\u016fjem nebo ka\u0161el.<\/p>\n

Bez\u00a0l\u00e9\u010dby se u naka\u017een\u00fdch HIV infekc\u00ed mohou vyvinout i z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 tuberkul\u00f3za, kryptokokov\u00e1 meningitida, z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed infekce, rakoviny, jako jsou lymfomy a Kaposiho sarkom. HIV m\u016f\u017ee zhor\u0161it dal\u0161\u00ed infekce, jako je hepatitida C, hepatitida B a mpox (opi\u010d\u00ed ne\u0161tovice).<\/p>\n

P\u0159enos\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

HIV\u00a0se\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et<\/b>\u00a0v\u00fdm\u011bnou t\u011bln\u00edch tekutin od osob \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch s HIV, v\u010detn\u011b krve, mate\u0159sk\u00e9ho ml\u00e9ka, spermatu a vagin\u00e1ln\u00edch sekret\u016f. HIV se m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 p\u0159en\u00e9st na d\u00edt\u011b b\u011bhem t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed a porodu. Lid\u00e9 se\u00a0nemohou nakazit<\/b>\u00a0virem HIV b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm ka\u017edodenn\u00edm kontaktem, jako je l\u00edb\u00e1n\u00ed, obj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed, pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed rukou nebo sd\u00edlen\u00ed osobn\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, j\u00eddla \u010di vody.<\/p>\n

Rizikov\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/b><\/p>\n

\u27a4\u00a0Nechr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd vagin\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo an\u00e1ln\u00ed sex (nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed cesta p\u0159enosu)<\/p>\n

\u27a4\u00a0Nechr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd or\u00e1ln\u00ed sex (zejm\u00e9na pokud dojde k poran\u011bn\u00ed \u00fastn\u00ed sliznice nebo d\u00e1sn\u00ed)<\/p>\n

\u27a4\u00a0\u010cast\u00e9 st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed sexu\u00e1ln\u00edch partner\u016f zvy\u0161uje pravd\u011bpodobnost kontaktu s infikovanou osobou<\/p>\n

\u27a4\u00a0Sd\u00edlen\u00ed injek\u010dn\u00ed jehel a st\u0159\u00edka\u010dek<\/p>\n

\u27a4\u00a0Sd\u00edlen\u00ed ostr\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f a hygienick\u00fdch pom\u016fcek, nap\u0159. \u017eiletek, holic\u00edch strojk\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u27a4\u00a0Pou\u017eit\u00ed nesteriln\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i tetov\u00e1n\u00ed, piercingu nebo akupunktu\u0159e<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Jak\u00e9 jsou mo\u017enosti testov\u00e1n\u00ed na HIV, najdete v\u00a0Ot\u00e1zce t\u00fddne<\/a><\/strong>. K\u00a0dispozici je i\u00a0seznam organizac\u00ed<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0nab\u00edzej\u00edc\u00edch bezplatn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

(vzp)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Infekce HIV <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":363179,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/01\/ram-vzp-hiv.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/363172"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=363172"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/363172\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":363180,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/363172\/revisions\/363180"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/363179"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=363172"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=363172"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=363172"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}