{"id":361016,"date":"2025-11-06T14:16:58","date_gmt":"2025-11-06T13:16:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=361016"},"modified":"2025-11-06T14:16:58","modified_gmt":"2025-11-06T13:16:58","slug":"ceska-republika-tajemstvi-kukaccich-vajec-samice-urcuji-barvu-otcove-mohou-ovlivnit-skvrnitost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=361016","title":{"rendered":"\u010cESK\u00c1 REPUBLIKA: Tajemstv\u00ed kuka\u010d\u010d\u00edch vajec. Samice ur\u010duj\u00ed barvu, otcov\u00e9 mohou ovlivnit skvrnitost"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
Parazitick\u00e9 kuka\u010dky (na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b je jich celkem 65 druh\u016f) \u010dasto napodobuj\u00ed vzhled vajec jin\u00fdch druh\u016f pt\u00e1k\u016f. Aby usp\u011bly, mus\u00ed se jejich vejce co nejv\u00edce podobat vejc\u00edm hostitel\u016f. Pokud nejsou tyto mimikry dostate\u010dn\u011b kvalitn\u00ed, hostitel podvr\u017een\u00e9 vejce odhal\u00ed a z hn\u00edzda odstran\u00ed. Rozbit\u00e9 vejce kuka\u010dky, kter\u00e9 bylo odhaleno r\u00e1kosn\u00edkem obecn\u00fdm. FOTO: Michal \u0160ulc, \u00daBO AV \u010cR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Pro\u010d maj\u00ed kuka\u010dky tak rozmanit\u011b zbarven\u00e1 vejce? Pro kuka\u010dku je ot\u00e1zkou p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed, aby jej\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dka co nejv\u011brn\u011bji napodobila vejce hostitele, a mus\u00ed zvl\u00e1dnout napodobit vzhled des\u00edtek r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f p\u011bvc\u016f. Nov\u00fd mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee podkladovou barvu sko\u0159\u00e1pky u kuka\u010dky obecn\u00e9 ur\u010duj\u00ed geny d\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00fdhradn\u011b po samic\u00edch, zat\u00edmco u p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 kuka\u010dky v\u00fdchodn\u00ed mohou do tvorby skvrnitosti zasahovat i geny otcovsk\u00e9. Pro hostitele je p\u0159itom podkladov\u00e1 barva hlavn\u00edm vod\u00edtkem k odhalen\u00ed podvr\u017een\u00e9ho vejce, zat\u00edmco skvrnitost jemn\u011b dola\u010fuje detailn\u00ed podobu mimikry.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Na studii publikovan\u00e9 v presti\u017en\u00edm \u010dasopise Science<\/strong><\/a> se pod\u00edleli tak\u00e9 v\u011bdci z \u00dastavu biologie obratlovc\u016f AV \u010cR.<\/p>\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed t\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016f z \u00dastavu Maxe Plancka pro biologickou inteligenci, Mnichovsk\u00e9 univerzity a z \u00dastavu biologie obratlovc\u016f AV \u010cR (\u00daBO AV \u010cR) analyzoval genomy t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 300 kuka\u010dek obecn\u00fdch (Cuculus canorus) z jeden\u00e1cti ras nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d are\u00e1lem od Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie po Kam\u010datku. V\u00fdsledky objasnily, \u017ee podkladovou barvu vajec ur\u010duj\u00ed geny ulo\u017een\u00e9 v mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed DNA a na pohlavn\u00edm chromozomu W, tedy v \u010d\u00e1stech genetick\u00e9 informace, kter\u00e1 se d\u011bd\u00ed po mate\u0159sk\u00e9 linii. U bl\u00edzce p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 kuka\u010dky v\u00fdchodn\u00ed (Cuculus optatus), kter\u00e1 parazituje budn\u00ed\u010dky, se v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee skvrnitost vajec ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed i geny zd\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 po otc\u00edch.<\/p>\n

\u201ePracovali jsme s bezprecedentn\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm souborem: \u0161lo o stovky jedinc\u016f z jeden\u00e1cti ras a celokontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed pokryt\u00ed. To n\u00e1m umo\u017enilo odd\u011blit vliv gen\u016f zd\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdch pouze po mate\u0159sk\u00e9 linii od gen\u016f zd\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdch od obou pohlav\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Michal \u0160ulc, spoluautor studie z \u00daBO AV \u010cR.<\/p>\n

Kuka\u010d\u010d\u00ed strategie<\/h6>\n

Kuka\u010dka obecn\u00e1 je hn\u00edzdn\u00ed parazit. Sv\u00e1 vejce klade do hn\u00edzd jin\u00fdch p\u011bvc\u016f a spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na to, \u017ee hostitel podvr\u017een\u00e9 vejce neodhal\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 samice sn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed po cel\u00fd \u017eivot stejn\u00fd \u201etyp\u201c vejce a specializuje se na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho hostitele, u n\u00e1s zejm\u00e9na na r\u00e1kosn\u00edky (Acrocephalus), co\u017e vede ke vzniku tzv. kuka\u010d\u010d\u00edch ras \u2013 skupin li\u0161\u00edc\u00edch se barvou a skvrnitost\u00ed vajec. Mate\u0159sky v\u00e1zan\u00e1 d\u011bdi\u010dnost podkladov\u00e9 barvy pom\u00e1h\u00e1 udr\u017eet tuto specializaci nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi i p\u0159esto, \u017ee se samci p\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se samicemi r\u016fzn\u00fdch ras.<\/p>\n

\u201ePro kuka\u010dku je dokonal\u00e9 napodoben\u00ed vajec hostitele naprosto kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9. N\u00e1\u0161 v\u00fdzkum potvrzuje, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edroda pojistila podkladovou barvu p\u0159es sami\u010d\u00ed linii, zat\u00edmco prostor pro variabilitu zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed geny otcovsk\u00e9,\u201c<\/em> dopl\u0148uje Marcel Honza z \u00daBO AV \u010cR, kter\u00fd se studiu kuka\u010dek v\u011bnuje v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 let. \u201eV\u00fdsledek na\u0161\u00ed studie vysv\u011btluje starou z\u00e1hadu, pro\u010d m\u00e1 kuka\u010dka obecn\u00e1, a\u010dkoli se jedn\u00e1 o jeden pta\u010d\u00ed druh, tak rozmanit\u011b zbarven\u00e1 vejce. Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed adaptace mimetick\u00fdch vajec je toti\u017e pevn\u011b sv\u00e1zan\u00e1 s mate\u0159skou lini\u00ed,<\/em>\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Michal \u0160ulc.<\/p>\n

Evolu\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1vod mezi hostitelem a parazitem<\/h6>\n

Pro hostitele je podkladov\u00e1 barva hlavn\u00edm vod\u00edtkem k odhalen\u00ed podvr\u017een\u00e9ho vejce. Skvrnitost pak slou\u017e\u00ed k jemn\u00e9mu dolad\u011bn\u00ed mimikry. \u201ePodkladov\u00e1 barva je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u2018kl\u00ed\u010d\u2019, kter\u00fd mus\u00ed sed\u011bt. Skvrnitost je pak jemn\u00e9 lad\u011bn\u00ed. D\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl, \u017ee evoluce ponechala prostor pro drobn\u00e9 odchylky, kter\u00e9 mohou napom\u00e1hat p\u0159izp\u016fsobov\u00e1n\u00ed se r\u016fzn\u00fdm hostitel\u016fm,\u201c<\/em> uzav\u00edr\u00e1 Petr Proch\u00e1zka z \u00daBO AV \u010cR.<\/p>\n

(tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Pro\u010d <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":361017,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,174],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/06\/TZ_kukacky_01.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/361016"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=361016"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/361016\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":361018,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/361016\/revisions\/361018"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/361017"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=361016"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=361016"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=361016"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}