{"id":359404,"date":"2025-10-23T09:57:05","date_gmt":"2025-10-23T08:57:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=359404"},"modified":"2025-10-23T10:02:26","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T09:02:26","slug":"ceska-republika-vedci-odhalili-bunky-ktere-pohaneji-zanet-u-roztrousene-sklerozy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=359404","title":{"rendered":"\u010cESK\u00c1 REPUBLIKA: V\u011bdci odhalili mozkov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky, kter\u00e9 poh\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011bt u roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3zy"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Neobvykl\u00fd typ mozkov\u00fdch bun\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee hr\u00e1t z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli u progresivn\u00ed roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3zy a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edmu z\u00e1n\u011btu, kter\u00fd je pro toto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed charakteristick\u00fd. Objev mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho t\u00fdmu expert\u016f otev\u00edr\u00e1 slibnou novou cestu pro v\u00fdzkum \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch terapi\u00ed tohoto neurodegenerativn\u00edho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Studii zve\u0159ejnil presti\u017en\u00ed \u010dasopis Neuron<\/a>, pod\u00edleli se na n\u00ed v\u011bdci z Biotechnologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR v centru BIOCEV.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Roztrou\u0161en\u00e1 skler\u00f3za (RS) je chronick\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m vlastn\u00ed imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m \u00fato\u010d\u00ed na mozek a m\u00edchu. Zna\u010dn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st pacient\u016f postupn\u011b p\u0159ejde do progresivn\u00ed f\u00e1ze RS, kter\u00e1 se vyzna\u010duje neust\u00e1l\u00fdm zhor\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm neurologick\u00fdch funkc\u00ed s omezen\u00fdmi mo\u017enostmi l\u00e9\u010dby.<\/p>\n

Aby v\u011bdci l\u00e9pe pochopili, co se p\u0159i nemoci d\u011bje, odebrali ko\u017en\u00ed bu\u0148ky pacient\u016fm s progresivn\u00ed roztrou\u0161enou skler\u00f3zou a p\u0159eprogramovali je na indukovan\u00e9 nervov\u00e9 kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky. Pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu modelov\u00e1n\u00ed nemoci \u201ev misce\u201c zjistili, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1st kultivovan\u00fdch mozkov\u00fdch bun\u011bk se vrac\u00ed do \u010dasn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdvojov\u00e9ho stadia a transformuje se na neobvykl\u00fd typ bun\u011bk. Tyto bu\u0148ky se u pacient\u016f s progresivn\u00ed RS objevovaly p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b \u0161estkr\u00e1t \u010dast\u011bji a byly pojmenov\u00e1ny DARG (disease-associated RG-like cells, \u010desky \u2013 s nemoc\u00ed spojen\u00e9 bu\u0148ky podobn\u00e9 radi\u00e1ln\u00edm gli\u00edm).<\/p>\n

Bu\u0148ky, kter\u00e9 c\u00edlen\u011b \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed<\/h6>\n

Nov\u011b identifikovan\u00e9 DARG bu\u0148ky maj\u00ed charakteristick\u00fd epigenetick\u00fd profil, kter\u00fd p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k p\u0159ehnan\u00e9 reakci na \u201epopla\u0161n\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly\u201c (interferony) imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee vysv\u011btlit vysokou \u00farove\u0148 z\u00e1n\u011btu u RS.<\/p>\n

\u201eProgresivn\u00ed roztrou\u0161en\u00e1 skler\u00f3za je zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed stav a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba st\u00e1le chyb\u00ed. N\u00e1\u0161 v\u00fdzkum odhalil d\u0159\u00edve nezn\u00e1m\u00fd bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fd mechanismus, kter\u00fd se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm pro chronick\u00fd z\u00e1n\u011bt a neurodegeneraci poh\u00e1n\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed progresivn\u00ed f\u00e1zi nemoci,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Stefano Pluchino z Odd\u011blen\u00ed klinick\u00fdch neurov\u011bd na Univerzit\u011b v Cambridge, jeden z vedouc\u00edch autor\u016f studie. \u201eV podstat\u011b jsme objevili gliov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky, kter\u00e9 nejen\u017ee nefunguj\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b, ale aktivn\u011b \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed. Uvol\u0148uj\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 nut\u00ed okoln\u00ed mozkov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky k p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9mu st\u00e1rnut\u00ed, a t\u00edm \u017eiv\u00ed toxick\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed, je\u017e urychluje neurodegeneraci.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Mapa mozku od \u010desk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f<\/h6>\n

Pro potvrzen\u00ed t\u011bchto zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spolupracoval t\u00fdm s v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky z Biotechnologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu Akademie v\u011bd \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky. Ti provedli rozs\u00e1hlou re-anal\u00fdzu t\u0159\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u011b dostupn\u00fdch datov\u00fdch sad prostorov\u00e9 transkriptomiky z posmrtn\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 mozkov\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b. Anal\u00fdza zahrnovala p\u0159es 200 tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00fdch \u0159ez\u016f od 31 pacient\u016f s RS a 12 kontroln\u00edch jedinc\u016f.<\/p>\n

Pokro\u010dil\u00e1 technika, kter\u00e1 mapuje genovou aktivitu ve fyzick\u00e9 struktu\u0159e tk\u00e1n\u011b, odhalila, \u017ee DARG bu\u0148ky nejsou n\u00e1hodn\u011b rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9, ale jsou v\u00fdznamn\u011b nahromad\u011bn\u00e9 v nejv\u00edce po\u0161kozen\u00fdch oblastech mozku pacient\u016f s RS, zejm\u00e9na na okraj\u00edch chronicky aktivn\u00edch l\u00e9z\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eNalezen\u00ed t\u011bchto unik\u00e1tn\u00edch bun\u011bk modelov\u00e1n\u00edm \u201av misce\u2018 bylo pr\u016flomem, dal\u0161\u00edm kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm krokem bylo zjistit, zda existuj\u00ed a kde se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v mozc\u00edch pacient\u016f,\u201c<\/em> popisuje Luk\u00e1\u0161 Valihrach, autor studie z Biotechnologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR. \u201eProstorov\u00e1 transkriptomika n\u00e1m poskytuje mapu, kter\u00e1 ukazuje, nejen jak\u00e9 bu\u0148ky jsou p\u0159\u00edtomny, ale tak\u00e9 jak jsou organizov\u00e1ny a jak interaguj\u00ed v po\u0161kozen\u00e9 tk\u00e1ni. Tato pr\u00e1ce tak\u00e9 zd\u016fraz\u0148uje neuv\u011b\u0159itelnou hodnotu otev\u0159en\u00e9 v\u011bdy. D\u00edky re-anal\u00fdze ve\u0159ejn\u011b dostupn\u00fdch dat jsme mohli p\u0159idat z\u00e1sadn\u00ed d\u016fkaz potvrzuj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee tyto DARG bu\u0148ky jsou soust\u0159ed\u011bny pr\u00e1v\u011b v t\u011bch oblastech, kde nemoc aktivn\u011b zp\u016fsobuje po\u0161kozen\u00ed.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Daniel \u017ducha, senior bioinformatik ze stejn\u00e9ho \u00fastavu, dopl\u0148uje: \u201ePr\u00e1ce s masivn\u00edmi datov\u00fdmi sadami prostorov\u00e9 transkriptomiky vy\u017eaduje sofistikovan\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupy. Na\u0161e anal\u00fdza n\u00e1m umo\u017enila p\u0159esn\u011b lokalizovat signaturu DARG bun\u011bk v t\u011bchto slo\u017eit\u00fdch tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00fdch map\u00e1ch. Zjistili jsme jasnou prostorovou korelaci: tam, kde byly \u00farovn\u011b DARG vysok\u00e9, jsme tak\u00e9 vid\u011bli v\u00edce z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdch gliov\u00fdch bun\u011bk a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b. Tato prostorov\u00e1 souvislost siln\u011b nazna\u010duje, \u017ee jsou aktivn\u00edmi hr\u00e1\u010di v procesu nemoci, nikoli jen pasivn\u00edmi pozorovateli.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Objev, kter\u00fd zve\u0159ejnil presti\u017en\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fd \u010dasopis Neuron, p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamn\u00fd krok k pochopen\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00fdch mechanism\u016f, je\u017e nemoc poh\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed, a nad\u011bji pro nov\u00fd typ l\u00e9\u010dby.<\/p>\n

\u201eNyn\u00ed pracujeme na prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed molekul\u00e1rn\u00edch mechanism\u016f, kter\u00e9 \u0159\u00edd\u00ed DARG bu\u0148ky, a na testov\u00e1n\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fdch postup\u016f. Na\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem je vyvinout terapie, je\u017e bu\u010f naprav\u00ed dysfunkci DARG bun\u011bk, nebo je zcela odstran\u00ed. Pokud budeme \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00ed, mohlo by to v\u00e9st k prvn\u00edm skute\u010dn\u011b chorobu modifikuj\u00edc\u00edm terapi\u00edm pro progresivn\u00ed RS, kter\u00e9 by nab\u00eddly nad\u011bji tis\u00edc\u016fm lid\u00ed \u017eij\u00edc\u00edm s t\u00edmto vysiluj\u00edc\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Alexandra Nicaise, hlavn\u00ed autorka studie z Odd\u011blen\u00ed klinick\u00fdch neurov\u011bd na Univerzit\u011b v Cambridge.<\/p>\n

K dne\u0161n\u00edmu dni byly DARG bu\u0148ky pozorov\u00e1ny pouze u n\u011bkolika m\u00e1lo jin\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, jako je nejzhoubn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1doru mozku glioblastom a cerebr\u00e1ln\u00ed kavernomy, nezhoubn\u00e9 c\u00e9vn\u00ed v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 vady v mozku nebo m\u00ed\u0161e. D\u016fvodem v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt, \u017ee v\u011bdci dosud nem\u011bli n\u00e1stroje k jejich nalezen\u00ed. Stefano Pluchino a jeho kolegov\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee jejich p\u0159\u00edstup pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b odhal\u00ed, \u017ee DARG bu\u0148ky hraj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou roli i u jin\u00fdch forem neurodegenerace.<\/p>\n

Text a foto: (tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Neobvykl\u00fd typ <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":359838,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[128],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/23\/mozek.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/359404"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=359404"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/359404\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":359837,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/359404\/revisions\/359837"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/359838"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=359404"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=359404"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=359404"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}