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Norm\u00e1ln\u00ed sluch je nezbytn\u00fd pro rozvoj komunika\u010dn\u00edch schopnost\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u0159e\u010di.\u00a0V\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice proto b\u011b\u017e\u00ed celoplo\u0161n\u00fd screening sluchu novorozenc\u016f a tak\u00e9 screening sluchu d\u011bt\u00ed ve v\u011bku 5 let, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je v\u010dasn\u00fd z\u00e1chyt mo\u017en\u00e9 vrozen\u00e9 sluchov\u00e9 poruchy.<\/b><\/p>\n
Jak prob\u00edh\u00e1 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed sluchu novorozenc\u016f?<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n
V\u010dasn\u00e9 odhalen\u00ed vady umo\u017e\u0148uje pot\u0159ebnou n\u00e1slednou p\u00e9\u010di, kter\u00e1 je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje d\u00edt\u011bte. Pokud b\u011bhem novorozeneck\u00e9ho screeningu vznikne podez\u0159en\u00ed na vrozenou sluchovou vadu,\u00a0je d\u00edt\u011b odesl\u00e1no do region\u00e1ln\u00edho pedaudiologick\u00e9ho centra nejpozd\u011bji do 6. m\u011bs\u00edce jeho v\u011bku, kde na z\u00e1klad\u011b podrobn\u00e9ho specializovan\u00e9ho vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed by m\u011bla b\u00fdt tato domn\u011bnka potvrzena \u010di vyvr\u00e1cena.<\/b>\u00a0Je zde p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b stanovena t\u00ed\u017ee i typ sluchov\u00e9 vady a zaji\u0161t\u011bn dal\u0161\u00ed postup, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm sledov\u00e1n\u00ed sluchu a v\u00fdvoje \u0159e\u010di, dle pot\u0159eby provedena sluchadlov\u00e1 korekce nebo je d\u00edt\u011b p\u0159ed\u00e1no ke kochle\u00e1rn\u00ed implantaci (opera\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdkon, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je nahradit poru\u0161enou funkci vnit\u0159n\u00edho ucha a dos\u00e1hnout toho, aby d\u00edt\u011b sly\u0161elo).<\/p>\n
Vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed sluchu obvykle prob\u00edh\u00e1 v porodnici ji\u017e 2.\u20133. den po narozen\u00ed.<\/b>\u00a0U fyziologicky narozen\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed se k vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstroj pro z\u00e1znam tzv. otoakustick\u00fdch emis\u00ed (z\u00e1znam odpov\u011bdi vnit\u0159n\u00edho ucha na zvukov\u00fd sign\u00e1l). Vlastn\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje pro z\u00e1znam otoakustick\u00fdch emis\u00ed zpravidla vykon\u00e1v\u00e1 vy\u0161kolen\u00e1 d\u011btsk\u00e1 zdravotn\u00ed sestra nebo odborn\u00fd person\u00e1l, nap\u0159\u00edklad sestra \u010di l\u00e9ka\u0159 na foniatrii nebo v ORL ambulanci.\u00a0Vzhledem k citlivosti p\u0159\u00edstroje je t\u0159eba, aby vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed bylo prov\u00e1d\u011bno nejl\u00e9pe b\u011bhem sp\u00e1nku d\u00edt\u011bte nebo ve stavu klidn\u00e9 bd\u011blosti, proto\u017ee nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky mohou ovlivnit p\u0159esnost m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.\u00a0<\/b>Do vchodu zvukovodu obou ou\u0161ek novorozence je vlo\u017eena mal\u00e1 sonda, kter\u00e1 vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 slab\u00e9 zvuky. M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed je bezbolestn\u00e9 a d\u011bti je dob\u0159e sn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed.<\/p>\n
V\u00fdsledky vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed<\/b><\/p>\n
Screeningov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstroj zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f ve form\u011b pozitivn\u00ed (je p\u0159\u00edtomna odpov\u011b\u010f) a negativn\u00ed (odpov\u011b\u010f nebyla zaznamen\u00e1na).\u00a0V\u00fdsledky mohou b\u00fdt ovlivn\u011bny faktory, jako je hluk v okol\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edtomnost mazov\u00e9 z\u00e1tky nebo technick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my.\u00a0Z tohoto d\u016fvodu negativn\u00ed v\u00fdsledek (nezaznamenan\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f) nemus\u00ed nutn\u011b znamenat poruchu sluchu.<\/b><\/p>\n
Otoakustick\u00e9 emise (OAE) v\u00fdbavn\u00e9<\/u><\/p>\n
Pokud je<\/b>\u00a0odpov\u011b\u010f p\u0159\u00edtomna (screening je negativn\u00ed)<\/b>, znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee zevn\u00ed\u00a0\u010d\u00e1st sluchov\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy je v\u00a0po\u0159\u00e1dku a d\u00edt\u011b by m\u011blo norm\u00e1ln\u011b sly\u0161et<\/b>. Jen ve velmi vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt porucha sluchu skryta jinde.<\/p>\n
Otoakustick\u00e9 emise (OAE) nev\u00fdbavn\u00e9<\/u><\/p>\n
Pokud screening odpov\u011b\u010f nezaznamenal (je pozitivn\u00ed), neznamen\u00e1 to automaticky poruchu sluchu.<\/b>\u00a0Nev\u00fdbavnost odpov\u011bdi m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt toti\u017e celou \u0159adu p\u0159\u00ed\u010din.\u00a0Vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed se v\u0161ak obvykle je\u0161t\u011b jednou b\u011bhem hospitalizace zopakuje.<\/b>\u00a0Pokud ani u druh\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed nebyla odpov\u011b\u010f zaznamen\u00e1na oboustrann\u011b nebo se screening sluchu u novorozence ji\u017e v porodnici z\u00a0n\u011bjak\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu nerealizoval, je d\u00edt\u011b odesl\u00e1no na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 ORL nebo foniatrick\u00e9 pracovi\u0161t\u011b k\u00a0vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed nejpozd\u011bji do 6. t\u00fddne jeho v\u011bku.\u00a0U rizikov\u00fdch novorozenc\u016f prob\u00edh\u00e1 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed sluchu na l\u016f\u017eku akutn\u00ed intenzivn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de pomoc\u00ed sluchov\u00fdch evokovan\u00fdch kmenov\u00fdch potenci\u00e1l\u016f v\u00a0obdobn\u00e9m sch\u00e9matu jako u novorozenc\u016f nerizikov\u00fdch.<\/b>\u00a0V\u00fdsledek vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed sluchu novorozence je evidov\u00e1n registruj\u00edc\u00edm praktick\u00fdm l\u00e9ka\u0159em pro d\u011bti a dorost.<\/p>\n
Jak je to s\u00a0vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00edm sluchu u d\u011bt\u00ed do t\u0159\u00ed let?<\/b><\/p>\n
Vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed sluchu je povinnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed preventivn\u00edch prohl\u00eddek u praktick\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159e pro d\u011bti a dorost.<\/b>\u00a0Praktick\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159, u n\u011bho\u017e je d\u00edt\u011b registrov\u00e1no, m\u00e1 povinnost p\u0159i prvn\u00ed preventivn\u00ed prohl\u00eddce ov\u011b\u0159it, zda d\u00edt\u011b po narozen\u00ed absolvovalo screeningov\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed sluchu. Pokud ne, stanov\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed postup, nap\u0159\u00edklad ode\u0161le d\u00edt\u011b na vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed na ORL odd\u011blen\u00ed nebo foniatrick\u00e9 pracovi\u0161t\u011b.\u00a0Orienta\u010dn\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed sluchu je pak sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed preventivn\u00edch prohl\u00eddek u d\u011bt\u00ed ve 4\u20135 m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch, 8 m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch, 12 m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch a 18 m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch v\u011bku. Od 3 let se sluch kontroluje p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9 preventivn\u00ed prohl\u00eddce, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bla prob\u00edhat ka\u017ed\u00e9 dva roky.<\/b><\/p>\n
Jak je to s\u00a0vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00edm sluchu u p\u011btilet\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed?<\/b><\/p>\n
Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed preventivn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de o d\u011bti je tak\u00e9 screening sluchu v 5 letech v\u011bku.<\/b>\u00a0C\u00edlem je zah\u00e1jit vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed povinnou \u0161koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zkou a p\u0159edch\u00e1zet tak zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed ve v\u00fdvoji komunika\u010dn\u00edch schopnost\u00ed a \u0161koln\u00edch dovednost\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte. Registruj\u00edc\u00ed praktick\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 pro d\u011bti a dorost (PLDD)\u00a0informuje rodi\u010de d\u00edt\u011bte v\u00a0r\u00e1mci preventivn\u00ed prohl\u00eddky v\u00a05 letech o preventivn\u00edm vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed sluchu u ORL l\u00e9ka\u0159e nebo foniatra.<\/b>\u00a0Seznam pracovi\u0161\u0165 zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch screening sluchu d\u011bt\u00ed v\u00a05 letech v\u011bku je uve\u0159ejn\u011bn na\u00a0<\/b>webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch otorinolaryngologick\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti<\/b><\/a>.<\/b>\u00a0Obsahem tohoto vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed je z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed informace o prob\u011bhl\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00edch, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm prod\u011blan\u00fdch z\u00e1n\u011btech st\u0159edn\u00edho ucha, a informace o p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9m v\u00fdskytu sluchov\u00e9 vady v\u00a0rodin\u011b.\u00a0ORL l\u00e9ka\u0159 nav\u00edc provede celkovou kontrolu u\u0161\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte, v\u010detn\u011b odstran\u011bn\u00ed u\u0161n\u00edho mazu ze zvukovod\u016f<\/b>.<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n Pr\u016fb\u011bh vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed<\/b><\/p>\n Vlastn\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed sluchu u p\u011btilet\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed prob\u00edh\u00e1 metodou t\u00f3nov\u00e9 audiometrie, kter\u00e1 vy\u017eaduje aktivn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci d\u00edt\u011bte.<\/b>\u00a0Je to nebolestiv\u00e1 metoda a prob\u00edh\u00e1 v\u00a0audiologick\u00e9 komo\u0159e nebo v\u00a0tich\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti. D\u00edt\u011b pomoc\u00ed sluch\u00e1tek poslouch\u00e1 t\u00f3ny r\u016fzn\u00fdch intenzit a frekvenc\u00ed. Zdravotn\u00ed sestra sou\u010dasn\u011b zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, jak\u00e9 t\u00f3ny d\u00edt\u011b sly\u0161\u00ed, a\u00a0otorinolaryngolog nebo foniatr n\u00e1sledn\u011b\u00a0vyhodnot\u00ed cel\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed\u00a0a\u00a0v\u00fdsledek zap\u00ed\u0161e do zdravotn\u00edho a\u00a0o\u010dkovac\u00edho pr\u016fkazu d\u00edt\u011bte.\u00a0<\/b>O vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed se vyhotovuje l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va pro o\u0161et\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edho d\u011btsk\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159e.\u00a0Pokud je u d\u00edt\u011bte zji\u0161t\u011bna porucha sluchu, ORL l\u00e9ka\u0159 provede dal\u0161\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed nedosl\u00fdchavosti a navrhne vhodn\u00fd postup l\u00e9\u010dby \u010di navazuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de.\u00a0<\/b>Dle pot\u0159eby odes\u00edl\u00e1 d\u00edt\u011b do p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho region\u00e1ln\u00edho pedaudiologick\u00e9ho centra.\u00a0Screening sluchu se neprov\u00e1d\u00ed u d\u011bt\u00ed, u kter\u00fdch ji\u017e byla diagnostikov\u00e1na trval\u00e1 porucha sluchu v\u00a0minulosti nebo celkov\u00fd a ment\u00e1ln\u00ed stav d\u00edt\u011bte nedovoluje vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed t\u00f3novou audiometri\u00ed prov\u00e9st.<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n \u00dahrada z ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdravotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/b><\/p>\n Ve\u0161ker\u00e1 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed sluchu v\u00a0r\u00e1mci screeningu sluchu novorozenc\u016f i p\u011btilet\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed nebo preventivn\u00edch prohl\u00eddek u praktick\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f pro d\u011bti a dorost jsou hrazena z ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdravotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. V\u0161echna vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed je v\u0161ak nutn\u00e9 prov\u00e9st ve\u00a0smluvn\u00edch zdravotnick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch<\/b><\/em>\u00a0<\/em>(tedy u\u00a0poskytovatele zdravotn\u00edch slu\u017eeb, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 smlouvu se\u00a0zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovnou pacienta).<\/p>\n \u00a0(vzp)<\/b><\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" OT\u00c1ZKA: Pro\u010d <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":357204,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/22\/ram-vzp.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/357203"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=357203"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/357203\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":357205,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/357203\/revisions\/357205"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/357204"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=357203"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=357203"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=357203"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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