{"id":356887,"date":"2025-09-18T12:28:01","date_gmt":"2025-09-18T11:28:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=356887"},"modified":"2025-09-18T12:37:08","modified_gmt":"2025-09-18T11:37:08","slug":"jizni-cechy-cesi-nemusi-za-trofejnim-sumcem-do-spanelska-velke-ryby-nabizi-i-lipno-ukazuje-vyzkum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=356887","title":{"rendered":"JI\u017dN\u00cd \u010cECHY: \u010ce\u0161i nemus\u00ed za trofejn\u00edm sumcem do \u0160pan\u011blska, velk\u00e9 ryby nab\u00edz\u00ed tak\u00e9 Lipno, ukazuje v\u00fdzkum"},"content":{"rendered":"

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V lipensk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrad\u011b v ji\u017en\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch pr\u00e1v\u011b vrchol\u00ed \u010dtrn\u00e1ctidenn\u00ed hydrobiologick\u00fd pr\u016fzkum, kter\u00fd vedou v\u011bdci z Biologick\u00e9ho centra Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR ve spolupr\u00e1ci s Jiho\u010desk\u00fdm \u00fazemn\u00edm svazem \u010cesk\u00e9ho ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho svazu. C\u00edlem pr\u016fzkumu je zhodnotit celkov\u00fd stav ryb\u00ed obs\u00e1dky a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zjistit, jak se vyv\u00edj\u00ed populace cand\u00e1ta obecn\u00e9ho a vrcholov\u00e9ho pred\u00e1tora \u2013 sumce velk\u00e9ho.<\/h6>\n

\"\"\u201eOdlovn\u00e1 kampa\u0148 zac\u00edlen\u00e1 na sumce velk\u00e9ho je teprve v polovin\u011b, nav\u00edc n\u00e1m nep\u0159eje po\u010das\u00ed, kdy dny bab\u00edho l\u00e9ta st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1 prudk\u00fd teplotn\u00ed propad, d\u00e9\u0161\u0165 a siln\u00fd v\u00edtr. Ji\u017e z prvotn\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f je v\u0161ak z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee \u00falovky z minul\u00fdch let se nebudou opakovat a \u017ee popula\u010dn\u00ed trend sumce velk\u00e9ho na Lipn\u011b nabral sp\u00ed\u0161e sestupnou tendenci. To potvrzuj\u00ed i \u00falovky sportovn\u00edch ryb\u00e1\u0159\u016f,\u201c<\/em> hodnot\u00ed prvotn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky Martin \u010cech z Hydrobiologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu Biologick\u00e9ho centra AV \u010cR.<\/p>\n

Kusov\u00e1 hmotnost odloven\u00fdch ryb je v\u0161ak st\u00e1le zna\u010dn\u00e1. \u201eMinul\u00fd t\u00fdden jsme se vr\u00e1tili z podobn\u00e9 odlovn\u00e9 kampan\u011b na vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 p\u0159ehrad\u011b Mequinenza na \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 \u0159ece Ebro, kter\u00e1 prob\u011bhla v r\u00e1mci mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce s v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdm t\u00fdmem Ecohydros pro Ministerstvo pro ekologickou transformaci a demografick\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy. P\u0159esto\u017ee jsme ulovili celkem 66 sumc\u016f, jejich pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 hmotnost byla v\u00fdrazn\u011b men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e tady na Lipn\u011b. Pokud si tedy \u010de\u0161t\u00ed ryb\u00e1\u0159i cht\u011bj\u00ed splnit sen o velk\u00e9 ryb\u011b, ned\u00e1v\u00e1 velk\u00fd smysl jezdit a\u017e do \u0160pan\u011blska. P\u0159i tro\u0161e trp\u011blivosti a ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed se tento sen d\u00e1 naplnit i tady v \u010cesku,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Martin \u010cech. Pr\u00e1v\u011b dnes r\u00e1no (4.9.) v\u011bdci chytili sv\u016fj nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00falovek leto\u0161n\u00ed sezony \u2013 asi t\u0159icetilet\u00fd sumec m\u011b\u0159il 212 cm a v\u00e1\u017eil 55 kg.<\/p>\n

Na odlov sumc\u016f se v\u011bdc\u016fm osv\u011bd\u010dila metoda tzv. dlouh\u00fdch \u0161\u0148\u016fr, kter\u00e1 se b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 na mo\u0159i k lovu nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch pred\u00e1tor\u016f, jako jsou \u017eraloci, tu\u0148\u00e1ci nebo me\u010douni. \u010ceskobud\u011bjovi\u010dt\u00ed v\u011bdci ji vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed i na velk\u00fdch jihoevropsk\u00fdch jezerech a n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch, kde v r\u00e1mci mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho projektu LIFE Predator pom\u00e1haj\u00ed tlumit invazi sumce velk\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd je pro tamn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my ekologickou hrozbou. Klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna a vysok\u00e1 \u00fa\u017eivnost voln\u00fdch vod hraj\u00ed sumci jednozna\u010dn\u011b do karet. Od ur\u010dit\u00e9 velikosti nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9ho p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho pred\u00e1tora, krom\u011b \u010dlov\u011bka. Jako vrcholov\u00fd pred\u00e1tor, nav\u00edc velice nevyb\u00edrav\u00fd, funguje v syst\u00e9mu jako vysava\u010d. \u201eZhltne cokoli, a to i ve zna\u010dn\u00e9 velikosti. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee lov\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b v no\u010dn\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch, ko\u0159ist m\u00e1 obvykle jen minim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161anci k \u00faniku. Nesm\u00edme zapomenout, \u017ee sumec m\u00e1 i obrovskou plodnost. Skute\u010dn\u011b velc\u00ed jedinci mohou vyprodukovat p\u0159es dva miliony jiker ka\u017ed\u00fd rok,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje Martin \u010cech.<\/p>\n

Tento fakt na druhou stranu vyva\u017euje obrovsk\u00e1 mortalita, zejm\u00e9na v prvn\u00edm roce \u017eivota. Lipno je nav\u00edc pom\u011brn\u011b vysoko polo\u017een\u00e1 n\u00e1dr\u017e s dlouh\u00fdm zimn\u00edm obdob\u00edm, tedy nen\u00ed pro sumce zdaleka nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fd r\u016fst populace se d\u00e1 velice dob\u0159e tlumit vhodn\u00fdm nastaven\u00edm bli\u017e\u0161\u00edch podm\u00ednek k rybolovu, kter\u00e9 ur\u010duje \u010cesk\u00fd ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd svaz a kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee pru\u017en\u011b upravovat podle v\u00fdsledk\u016f ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edch ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch statistik a v\u00fdsledk\u016f v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu Biologick\u00e9ho centra AV \u010cR.<\/p>\n

U v\u0161ech odloven\u00fdch sumc\u016f odborn\u00edci zji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed jejich r\u016fstovou v\u00fdkonnost, t\u011blesnou kondici, pohlav\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edpadnou potravu. Po nezbytn\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00edch jsou ryby v nejkrat\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 dob\u011b vypou\u0161t\u011bny zp\u011bt do lipensk\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee.<\/p>\n

Odborn\u00edci sleduj\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e Lipno z hlediska ryb\u00edch populac\u00ed dlouhodob\u011b, s n\u011bkolika p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00edmi od roku 2008. Hlavn\u00ed impulz jim k tomu dala kolabuj\u00edc\u00ed populace cand\u00e1t\u016f na za\u010d\u00e1tku mil\u00e9nia. Od t\u00e9 doby se stav populace v\u00fdrazn\u011b zlep\u0161il. \u201eCand\u00e1t nal\u00e9z\u00e1 v n\u00e1dr\u017ei dobrou potravn\u00ed nab\u00eddku, v\u00fdrazn\u011b zrychlil r\u016fst a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch letech vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed siln\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00edky. V posledn\u00edch letech v\u0161ak do\u0161lo k vzestupu p\u0159irozen\u00e9 \u00famrtnosti, a tak se cand\u00e1t\u016fm neda\u0159\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout velk\u00fdch hustot, na kter\u00e9 byli ryb\u00e1\u0159i zvykl\u00ed v 70-90. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee predace a kompetice ze strany sumce omezuje obnovu siln\u00e9 populace cand\u00e1ta,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Jan Kube\u010dka z Hydrobiologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu Biologick\u00e9ho centra AV \u010cR.<\/p>\n

Zodpov\u011bd\u011bt p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny v\u00fdvoje jednotliv\u00fdch populac\u00ed nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 bez dlouhodob\u00e9ho sledov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f syst\u00e9mu, jako jsou \u0159asy, bezobratl\u00ed, nedrav\u00e9 a drav\u00e9 ryby. Dvaceti\u010dlenn\u00fd t\u00fdm odborn\u00edk\u016f zkoum\u00e1 celou plochu n\u00e1dr\u017ee od p\u0159\u00edtoku a\u017e k hr\u00e1zi. Z\u00e1zem\u00ed jim poskytuje po\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed dozorstv\u00ed Povod\u00ed Vltavy v H\u016frce u \u010cern\u00e9 v Po\u0161umav\u00ed. Po d\u016fkladn\u00e9m zmapov\u00e1n\u00ed a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch anal\u00fdz\u00e1ch stavu ryb\u00ed obs\u00e1dky pak odborn\u00edci navrhuj\u00ed doporu\u010den\u00ed pro obhospoda\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed lipensk\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee. Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159. \u00fapravy pravidel rybolovu, n\u00e1vrhy vysazov\u00e1n\u00ed ryb \u010di p\u0159edpov\u011bdi o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 produkce. C\u00edlem je dos\u00e1hnout trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho v\u00fdnosu v\u010detn\u011b trofejn\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zachovat ekologicky vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fd stav v n\u00e1dr\u017ei.<\/p>\n

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Text a foto: (tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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