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N\u00e1kaza lidsk\u00fdm papilomavirem (HPV) je nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed infekc\u00ed p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161enou pohlavn\u00edm stykem na sv\u011bt\u011b. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed infekce n\u011bkter\u00fdmi typy tohoto viru (tzv. high-risk HPV) jsou prok\u00e1zan\u00fdm rizikov\u00fdm faktorem vzniku zhoubn\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, nej\u010dast\u011bji karcinomu d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho \u010d\u00edpku, ale i nap\u0159. karcinomu an\u00e1ln\u00edho otvoru nebo hltanu. Infikovan\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk nemus\u00ed m\u00edt \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed probl\u00e9my ani projevy onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.\u00a0Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu je screeningov\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed na HPV (human papillomavirus) sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed preventivn\u00edch gynekologick\u00fdch vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed u v\u0161ech \u017een ve v\u011bku 35, 45 a 55 let<\/b>\u00a0(tj. +364 dn\u00ed\u00a0<\/b>a\u017e do dne p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho jejich 36., 46., resp. 56. narozenin).<\/p>\n
V\u011bk byl stanoven na z\u00e1klad\u011b doporu\u010den\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace a dat, kter\u00e1 ukazuj\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst infekc\u00ed HPV v t\u011bchto v\u011bkov\u00fdch kategori\u00edch.\u00a0<\/b>Screeningov\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed je \u017een\u00e1m ve v\u011bku 35, 45 a 55 let hrazeno z prost\u0159edk\u016f ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdravotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a prov\u00e1d\u00ed se pouze jednou v ka\u017ed\u00e9 z t\u011bchto v\u011bkov\u00fdch kategori\u00ed.<\/b>\u00a0Diagnostick\u00e9 HPV testov\u00e1n\u00ed u \u017een se spornou cytologi\u00ed, u kter\u00fdch jeho v\u00fdsledek napom\u00e1h\u00e1 k up\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho postupu \u010di hodnocen\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nosti chirurgick\u00e9ho o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho \u010d\u00edpku (konizace), je hrazeno z\u00a0prost\u0159edk\u016f ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdravotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b indikace o\u0161et\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edho gynekologa.<\/b><\/p>\n
Co je to HPV DNA test?<\/strong><\/p>\n HPV DNA test je diagnostick\u00e1 metoda pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 p\u0159i screeningov\u00e9m testov\u00e1n\u00ed slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k detekci p\u0159\u00edtomnosti lidsk\u00e9ho papilomaviru (HPV) v t\u011ble.<\/b>\u00a0Dok\u00e1\u017ee odhalit p\u0159\u00edtomnost infekce \u2013 a\u0165 u\u017e aktivn\u00ed, nebo latentn\u00ed \u2013 a m\u016f\u017ee rovn\u011b\u017e slou\u017eit k\u00a0potvrzen\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nosti l\u00e9\u010dby po konizaci. Test HPV mRNA, kter\u00fd prokazuje pouze aktivn\u00ed infekci, je doporu\u010den p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro pacientky s nejasn\u00fdm nebo hrani\u010dn\u00edm v\u00fdsledkem cytologick\u00e9ho st\u011bru.\u00a0 Oba testy jsou zam\u011b\u0159eny na detekci 13\u201314 typ\u016f vysoce rizikov\u00fdch HPV vir\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou v\u00e9st k p\u0159edrakovinov\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m a rakovin\u011b d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho \u010d\u00edpku.<\/p>\n Jak HPV DNA test prob\u00edh\u00e1?<\/strong><\/p>\n Pomoc\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edho kart\u00e1\u010dku je odebr\u00e1n vzorek z d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho \u010d\u00edpku, co\u017e je stejn\u00e9 m\u00edsto, odkud se odeb\u00edr\u00e1 vzorek p\u0159i cytologick\u00e9m vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed (PAP testu). Tento biologick\u00fd materi\u00e1l je n\u00e1sledn\u011b analyzov\u00e1n na p\u0159\u00edtomnost vysoce rizikov\u00fdch typ\u016f vir\u016f HPV.<\/p>\n V\u00fdsledky HPV DNA testu<\/u><\/strong><\/u><\/p>\n Pozitivn\u00ed v\u00fdsledek<\/strong>\u00a0sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o p\u0159\u00edtomnosti HPV viru v\u00a0t\u011ble. Automaticky neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u017eena m\u00e1 zhoubn\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, ale nazna\u010duje vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko vzniku rakoviny d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho \u010d\u00edpku. Pozitivn\u00ed HPV test a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 cytologick\u00e9 abnormity jsou d\u016fvodem k\u00a0dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edmu vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed nebo \u010dasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kontrole gynekologem.\u00a0Tzv. p\u0159edn\u00e1dorov\u00e9 stavy (prekancer\u00f3zy) a dokonce i n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed v po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm stadiu lze toti\u017e velice \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b l\u00e9\u010dit.<\/p>\n Negativn\u00ed v\u00fdsledek\u00a0<\/strong>znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v t\u011ble nejsou p\u0159\u00edtomny vysoce rizikov\u00e9 typy HPV vir\u016f.\u00a0Riziko vzniku rakoviny d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho \u010d\u00edpku je v\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch 5 letech minim\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/b>\u00a0Negativn\u00ed HPV test spolu s p\u0159edchoz\u00edmi\u00a0negativn\u00edmi cytologiemi umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed pravideln\u00e9 preventivn\u00ed kontroly gynekologem s odb\u011bry cytologie v\u00a0obvykl\u00e9m screeningov\u00e9m intervalu.<\/p>\n Je mo\u017en\u00e9 absolvovat HPV test i mimo ur\u010denou v\u011bkovou kategorii?<\/b><\/p>\n Pacientka si m\u016f\u017ee vy\u017e\u00e1dat proveden\u00ed HPV testu i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee nespad\u00e1 do stanoven\u00e9 v\u011bkov\u00e9 kategorie, pro kterou je screeningov\u00fd test hrazen z ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdravotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.\u00a0V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b si v\u0161ak test mus\u00ed uhradit sama.<\/b> Jeho cena se m\u016f\u017ee li\u0161it v z\u00e1vislosti na zdravotnick\u00e9m za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm typu testu (nap\u0159\u00edklad HPV DNA nebo HPV mRNA test). Orienta\u010dn\u011b se cena pohybuje od 1 000 K\u010d do 3 000 K\u010d.<\/p>\n Jak\u00e1 je prevence proti HPV infekci?<\/strong><\/p>\n Preventivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti lidsk\u00fdm papilomavir\u016fm<\/b>, a to nejl\u00e9pe realizovan\u00fdm je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm sexu\u00e1ln\u00edho \u017eivota. Vakcinace m\u00e1 ale v\u00fdznam i u star\u0161\u00edch pacientek, u kter\u00fdch se pak riziko vzniku p\u0159edn\u00e1dorov\u00fdch zm\u011bn sni\u017euje na polovinu. Je to bezpe\u010dn\u00fd a sou\u010dasn\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd zp\u016fsob ochrany p\u0159ed vznikem rakoviny d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho \u010d\u00edpku a dal\u0161\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed spojen\u00fdch s\u00a0HPV infekc\u00ed. Krom\u011b o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed je vhodn\u00e9 chr\u00e1nit se p\u0159ed p\u0159enosem HPV, nap\u0159\u00edklad pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm kondomu a zodpov\u011bdn\u00fdm sexu\u00e1ln\u00edm chov\u00e1n\u00edm. D\u00e1le je pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 minimalizovat dal\u0161\u00ed rizikov\u00e9 faktory vzniku rakoviny d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho \u010d\u00edpku, jako je kou\u0159en\u00ed tab\u00e1kov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f.\u00a0A samoz\u0159ejm\u011b by \u017eeny m\u011bly p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pravideln\u011b podstupovat gynekologick\u00e1 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed pro v\u010dasnou detekci p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f. Od 15 let m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u017eena n\u00e1rok na bezplatnou\u00a0<\/b>preventivn\u00ed prohl\u00eddku u gynekologa<\/b><\/a>, kterou m\u016f\u017ee absolvovat jednou ro\u010dn\u011b (po uplynut\u00ed 11 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f).<\/b><\/p>\n O\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti HPV<\/b><\/p>\n N\u00e1rok na plnou \u00fahradu z prost\u0159edk\u016f ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdravotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed maj\u00ed d\u00edvky i chlapci, je-li o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed zah\u00e1jeno ve v\u011bku od dovr\u0161en\u00ed jeden\u00e1ct\u00e9ho do dovr\u0161en\u00ed patn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho roku v\u011bku.<\/b>\u00a0O\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed je hrazeno i d\u011btem star\u0161\u00edm patn\u00e1cti let, pokud byla aplikace jedn\u00e9 nebo v\u00edce d\u00e1vek o\u010dkovac\u00ed l\u00e1tky odlo\u017eena z d\u016fvodu zdravotn\u00edho stavu.\u00a0Ostatn\u00ed\u00a0<\/b>d\u011bti<\/b><\/a>\u00a0do 18 let a\u00a0<\/b>dosp\u011bl\u00ed<\/b><\/a>\u00a0si o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed hrad\u00ed sami, mohou ale po\u017e\u00e1dat o p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek a\u017e 1 500 K\u010d na prob\u011bhl\u00e9 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti HPV z fondu prevence VZP.<\/b>\u00a0Dal\u0161\u00ed podrobnosti o o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti HPV najdete na\u00a0webu VZP<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n (vzp)<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" OT\u00c1ZKA: Je <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":356649,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/15\/ram-vzp.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/356648"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=356648"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/356648\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":356651,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/356648\/revisions\/356651"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/356649"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=356648"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=356648"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=356648"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n
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