{"id":354877,"date":"2025-08-26T08:29:11","date_gmt":"2025-08-26T07:29:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=354877"},"modified":"2025-08-26T08:49:27","modified_gmt":"2025-08-26T07:49:27","slug":"aktuality-poklad-z-ceske-prirody-uzovka-stromova-prekvapila-genetickou-bohatosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=354877","title":{"rendered":"AKTUALITY: Poklad z \u010desk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrody. U\u017eovka stromov\u00e1 p\u0159ekvapila genetickou bohatost\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-243085 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/19\/akademie-v\u011bd-av-cr-logo-1024x275.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"188\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/19\/akademie-v\u011bd-av-cr-logo-1024x275.png 1024w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/19\/akademie-v\u011bd-av-cr-logo-300x80.png 300w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/19\/akademie-v\u011bd-av-cr-logo-768x206.png 768w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/19\/akademie-v\u011bd-av-cr-logo-1331x357.png 1331w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/19\/akademie-v\u011bd-av-cr-logo-1801x483.png 1801w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6>Dosud nezn\u00e1mou populaci kriticky ohro\u017een\u00e9 u\u017eovky stromov\u00e9 (Zamenis longissimus), nav\u00edc s mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b vysokou genetickou rozmanitost\u00ed, objevili v severn\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch v\u011bdci z \u00dastavu \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 fyziologie a genetiky AV \u010cR ve spolupr\u00e1ci s dal\u0161\u00edmi specialisty. U\u017eovky t\u00e9to izolovan\u00e9 populace n\u00e1le\u017eej\u00ed ke dv\u011bma hlavn\u00edm v\u00fdvojov\u00fdm lini\u00edm druhu, kter\u00e9 se dnes jinde vyskytuj\u00ed zcela odd\u011blen\u011b. Populace pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 genetickou pam\u011b\u0165 z klimaticky p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed a mohla by sehr\u00e1t kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v budouc\u00edm p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed druhu v souvislosti s prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edm oteplov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/h6>\n<p>V odlehl\u00e9m skalnat\u00e9m meandru \u0159eky Oh\u0159e v severn\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch nalezli v\u011bdci p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b geneticky bohatou populaci u\u017eovky stromov\u00e9. Tento teplomiln\u00fd had, zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako u\u017eovka Aeskulapova, z v\u011bt\u0161iny st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy zmizel p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika tis\u00edci lety. Genetick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy odhalily, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1st jedinc\u016f z t\u00e9to populace pat\u0159\u00ed k z\u00e1padn\u00ed genetick\u00e9 linii \u2013 na rozd\u00edl od v\u0161ech ostatn\u00edch populac\u00ed v \u010cesku, kter\u00e9 spadaj\u00ed do linie v\u00fdchodn\u00ed. <em>\u201ePopulace tak obsahuje genetickou rozmanitost obou hlavn\u00edch lini\u00ed tohoto druhu, co\u017e z n\u00ed \u010din\u00ed v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje v\u00fdznam objevu Petr Kotl\u00edk, vedouc\u00ed t\u00fdmu genetik\u016f z \u00dastavu \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 fyziologie a genetiky AV \u010cR (\u00da\u017dFG AV \u010cR).<\/p>\n<h6>Jako \u017eiv\u00e1 fosilie<\/h6>\n<p>N\u00e1lez je v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed sv\u00e9ho druhu v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice a teprve druh\u00fd v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b. Podobn\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 spojen\u00ed bylo dosud zn\u00e1mo pouze z jedn\u00e9 lokality v ji\u017en\u00edm Bavorsku. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z lini\u00ed u\u017eovky stromov\u00e9 se vyv\u00edjela v odli\u0161n\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u2013 z\u00e1padn\u00ed v oblasti s atlantick\u00fdm klimatem, v\u00fdchodn\u00ed v kontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010di st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9 Evrop\u011b. Jejich sou\u010dasn\u00e9 spojen\u00ed v jedin\u00e9 populaci m\u016f\u017ee znamenat v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed schopnost, aby se p\u0159izp\u016fsobila prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edm klimatick\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m. P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br toti\u017e m\u016f\u017ee \u201epracovat\u201c s genetick\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem z obou klimatick\u00fdch z\u00f3n. \u201e<em>Je to jako naj\u00edt \u017eivou fosilii \u2013 genetickou pam\u011b\u0165 doby, kdy u\u017eovka stromov\u00e1 \u017eila mnohem severn\u011bji ne\u017e dnes, a ob\u011b linie se tak mohly potkat. Takov\u00e1 genetick\u00e1 v\u00fdbava spolu s polohou t\u00e9to populace na severn\u00edm okraji v\u00fdskytu m\u016f\u017ee v budoucnu sehr\u00e1t roli p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho startovac\u00edho bodu pro dal\u0161\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed druhu v dob\u011b klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Petr Kotl\u00edk z \u00da\u017dFG AV \u010cR.<\/p>\n<h6>Izolovan\u00e9, ale bohat\u00e9<\/h6>\n<p>Objev m\u011bn\u00ed dosavadn\u00ed pohled na izolovan\u00e9 populace u\u017eovky stromov\u00e9 i dal\u0161\u00edch ohro\u017een\u00fdch druh\u016f. \u010casto jsou toti\u017e vn\u00edm\u00e1ny jako geneticky chud\u00e9 a z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na tzv. genetick\u00e9 z\u00e1chran\u011b z jin\u00fdch oblast\u00ed. Nyn\u00ed se v\u0161ak ukazuje, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 izolovan\u00e9 populace mohou b\u00fdt naopak nositeli unik\u00e1tn\u00edho genetick\u00e9ho bohatstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se nikde jinde nevyskytuje. \u201e<em>Pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u00edky sv\u00e9 izolaci si n\u011bkter\u00e9 populace udr\u017euj\u00ed ne\u010dekanou genetickou r\u016fznorodost. Mohou tak fungovat jako p\u0159irozen\u00e9 genov\u00e9 banky, kter\u00e9 v budoucnu poskytnou cennou genetickou podporou jin\u00fdm populac\u00edm,\u201c<\/em> dopl\u0148uje Petr Kotl\u00edk. Je dob\u0159e zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee genetick\u00e1 variabilita zvy\u0161uje schopnost druhu p\u0159izp\u016fsobit se m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u2013 a pr\u00e1v\u011b ona m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdhodou v dob\u011b prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn.<\/p>\n<h6>Objev ve zn\u00e1m\u00e9 krajin\u011b d\u00edky spolupr\u00e1ci odborn\u00edk\u016f<\/h6>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edklad u\u017eovky stromov\u00e9 je d\u016fkazem, \u017ee i geneticky v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 populace mohou dlouho unikat pozornosti a jejich objeven\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 jen d\u00edky systematick\u00e9 ter\u00e9nn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci a \u00fazk\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci mezi zoology, genetiky a ochran\u00e1\u0159i. Genetick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy provedl t\u00fdm \u00da\u017dFG AV \u010cR, ekologicko-ochran\u00e1\u0159skou \u010d\u00e1st a ter\u00e9nn\u00ed monitoring zajistila Zoo Praha ve spolupr\u00e1ci se Spolkem Zamenis a Hornick\u00fdm muzeem P\u0159\u00edbram. V\u00fdzkum prob\u00edhal v r\u00e1mci sledov\u00e1n\u00ed stavu biotop\u016f a druh\u016f organizovan\u00e9ho Agenturou ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody a krajiny \u010cR (AOPK \u010cR). \u201e<em>V\u00fdzkum uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee i v krajin\u011b, kterou pova\u017eujeme za dob\u0159e prozkoumanou, mohou b\u00fdt u\u010din\u011bny z\u00e1sadn\u00ed biologick\u00e9 objevy \u2013 pokud m\u00e1me trp\u011blivost, jsme d\u016fsledn\u00ed a spolupracuj\u00ed odborn\u00edci z r\u016fzn\u00fdch obor\u016f,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Ivan Reh\u00e1k ze Zoo Praha.<\/p>\n<h6>Nad\u011bje nejen pro u\u017eovku stromovou<\/h6>\n<p>V\u00fdsledky maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd dopad nejen na ochranu kriticky ohro\u017een\u00e9 u\u017eovky stromov\u00e9, ale mohou ovlivnit p\u0159\u00edstup k ochran\u011b i dal\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f, kter\u00e9 se s postupuj\u00edc\u00edm oteplov\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159esouvaj\u00ed na sever. Pokud krajina nab\u00eddne vhodn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed a propojen\u00e9 biokoridory, mohou geneticky \u201espr\u00e1vn\u011b vybaven\u00e9\u201c populace sehr\u00e1t kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v dal\u0161\u00ed existenci druh\u016f. \u201e<em>Na\u0161e pr\u00e1ce ukazuje, \u017ee smyslupln\u00e1 ochrana druh\u016f vy\u017eaduje nejen sledov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010detnosti populac\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 hlub\u0161\u00ed pozn\u00e1n\u00ed jejich genetick\u00e9 v\u00fdbavy. Pr\u00e1v\u011b ta toti\u017e m\u016f\u017ee rozhodnout o jejich budouc\u00edm p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> uzav\u00edr\u00e1 Petr Kotl\u00edk. Studie je p\u0159\u00edkladem toho, \u017ee i mal\u00e9 a p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 populace mohou skr\u00fdvat kl\u00ed\u010d k zachov\u00e1n\u00ed biologick\u00e9 rozmanitosti v m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edm se sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Dosud <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":354878,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[179,174],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/26\/nove-uzovka.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/354877"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=354877"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/354877\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":354888,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/354877\/revisions\/354888"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/354878"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=354877"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=354877"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=354877"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}