{"id":354457,"date":"2025-08-21T13:30:07","date_gmt":"2025-08-21T12:30:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=354457"},"modified":"2025-08-21T13:34:09","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T12:34:09","slug":"ceska-republika-ve-vakuu-voda-pri-nizke-teplote-vre-i-mrzne-novy-fakt-pomuze-pri-zkoumani-slunecni-soustavy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=354457","title":{"rendered":"\u010cESK\u00c1 REPUBLIKA: Nov\u00fd objev. Voda ve vakuu p\u0159i n\u00edzk\u00e9 teplot\u011b v\u0159e i mrzne"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Tuhnut\u00ed vody na povrchu sv\u011bt\u016f s extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00fdm atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdm tlakem je velmi slo\u017eit\u00e9, prok\u00e1zal v\u00fdzkum mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho t\u00fdmu v\u011bdc\u016f pod veden\u00edm Petra Bro\u017ee z Geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR. Voda tam toti\u017e v\u0159e i za n\u00edzk\u00fdch teplot, rychle se p\u0159itom odpa\u0159uje a o to rychleji mrzne. Ledovou krustu ale znovu a znovu naru\u0161uj\u00ed bubliny ze st\u00e1le vrouc\u00ed vody. Tento fenom\u00e9n m\u016f\u017ee pomoci k pochopen\u00ed v\u00fdlevn\u00e9ho kryovulkanismu a tak\u00e9 ho snadn\u011bji odhalit na povrchu t\u011bles ve Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Chov\u00e1n\u00ed vody na Zemi je dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00e9 \u2013 za b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho tlaku p\u0159i teplot\u011b pod 0\u202f\u00b0C mrzne a p\u0159i teplot\u011b nad 100\u202f\u00b0C v\u0159e. V\u011bdce zaj\u00edmalo, co se s vodou stane na povrchu sv\u011bt\u016f s extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00fdm atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdm tlakem nebo dokonce vakuem, jako jsou t\u0159eba ledov\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00edce Europa nebo Enceladus. I kdy\u017e na nich zat\u00edm nebyla p\u0159\u00edmo pozorov\u00e1na kapaln\u00e1 voda, m\u016f\u017ee se tam ob\u010das dostat, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b b\u011bhem procesu zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho jako v\u00fdlevn\u00fd kryovulkanismus \u2013 tedy situace, kdy z nitra t\u011bchto sv\u011bt\u016f unik\u00e1 voda \u010di jin\u00e9 t\u011bkav\u00e9 l\u00e1tky.<\/p>\n

T\u00fdm veden\u00fd Petrem Bro\u017eem z Geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00fastavu Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR b\u011bhem experiment\u016f um\u00edstil n\u011bkolik litr\u016f vody do speci\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00edzkotlakov\u00e9 komory na Open University ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii, kter\u00e1 na v\u00fdzkumu spolupracovala. Jakmile se tlak v komo\u0159e sn\u00ed\u017eil na \u00farove\u0148 podobnou vakuu, voda se p\u0159i n\u00edzk\u00e9 teplot\u011b va\u0159ila, prudce se odpa\u0159ovala a mrzla sou\u010dasn\u011b.<\/p>\n

\u201eZjistili jsme, \u017ee proces tuhnut\u00ed vody v prost\u0159ed\u00ed s velmi n\u00edzk\u00fdm tlakem je slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se dosud p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed autor studie Petr Bro\u017e. \u201eZa n\u00edzk\u00e9ho tlaku voda v\u0159e i p\u0159i n\u00edzk\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch, proto\u017ee nen\u00ed za dan\u00fdch podm\u00ednek v kapaln\u00e9m stavu stabiln\u00ed. Jej\u00ed vypa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159itom zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee rychle chladne a n\u00e1sledn\u011b mrzne. Ledov\u00e1 krusta, kter\u00e1 se tvo\u0159\u00ed na jej\u00ed hladin\u011b, je ale opakovan\u011b naru\u0161ov\u00e1na bublinami vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed v d\u016fsledku jej\u00edho varu. Bubliny led nadzved\u00e1vaj\u00ed a l\u00e1mou, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se cel\u00fd proces mrznut\u00ed zpomaluje, komplikuje a v\u00fdrazn\u011b prodlu\u017euje,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje v\u011bdec.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky v\u011bdci popsali ve studii, kter\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b vy\u0161la v \u010dasopise Earth and Planetary Science Letters.<\/p>\n

Jak by se chovala voda na Marsu?<\/h6>\n

Tento fenom\u00e9n m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt z\u00e1sadn\u00ed d\u016fsledky pro pochopen\u00ed v\u00fdlevn\u00e9ho kryovulkanismu \u2013 jevu, b\u011bhem kter\u00e9ho se voda nebo jin\u00e9 l\u00e1tky vyl\u00e9vaj\u00ed z podzem\u00ed na povrch jin\u00fdch t\u011bles ve Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b \u2013 jako jsou Europa, Enceladus, Ceres nebo Pluto. Ale nejen tam. Podobn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky panuj\u00ed i na Marsu. A pr\u00e1v\u011b zde by mohla nov\u00e1 studie pomoci vysv\u011btlit, jak by se chovala voda, pokud by se na povrchu planety v ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 geologick\u00e9 minulosti ocitla.<\/p>\n

\u201eVznikl\u00e1 ledov\u00e1 vrstva je por\u00e9zn\u00ed, a tedy slab\u00e1. Cel\u00fd proces v\u0159en\u00ed, vypa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a mrznut\u00ed se tak m\u016f\u017ee n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t opakovat,\u201c<\/em> dopl\u0148uje spoluautor studie Vojt\u011bch Pato\u010dka z Matematicko-fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed fakulty Univerzity Karlovy.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee jejich experimenty pomohou l\u00e9pe rozpoznat zn\u00e1mky i v\u00fdlevn\u00e9ho kryovulkanismu nejen na ledov\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch, ale tak\u00e9 na dal\u0161\u00edch t\u011blesech Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy. \u201ePovrchov\u00e9 nerovnosti vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed hromad\u011bn\u00edm vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry pod ledem by mohly b\u00fdt rozpoznateln\u00e9 na radarov\u00fdch datech po\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch kosmick\u00fdmi sondami,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Vojt\u011bch Pato\u010dka. Pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed by mohlo pomoci tento geologick\u00fd proces l\u00e9pe pochopit a z\u00edskan\u00e9 poznatky vyu\u017e\u00edt p\u0159i pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed budouc\u00edch mis\u00ed k t\u011bmto vzd\u00e1len\u00fdm sv\u011bt\u016fm. N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva poz\u016fstatk\u016f v\u00fdlevn\u00fdch kryovulkanick\u00fdch erupc\u00ed by toti\u017e dovolila l\u00e9pe prozkoumat, co se pod povrchem t\u011bchto sv\u011bt\u016f nach\u00e1z\u00ed, a t\u00edm odhalit, jak\u00e9 tam panuj\u00ed podm\u00ednky.<\/p>\n

(tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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