{"id":352864,"date":"2025-08-02T19:39:37","date_gmt":"2025-08-02T18:39:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=352864"},"modified":"2025-08-02T19:39:37","modified_gmt":"2025-08-02T18:39:37","slug":"aktuality-skryta-hrozba-parazite-mohou-ohrozit-zdravi-horskych-goril","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=352864","title":{"rendered":"AKTUALITY: Skryt\u00e1 hrozba. Parazit\u00e9 mohou ohrozit zdrav\u00ed horsk\u00fdch goril"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum veden\u00fd v\u011bdci z \u00dastavu biologie obratlovc\u016f Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR, organizace Gorilla Doctors a Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund, za podpory rwandsk\u00fdch a ugandsk\u00fdch vl\u00e1dn\u00edch organizac\u00ed, odhalil dlouhodob\u00e9 zm\u011bny ve spole\u010denstvech parazit\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou p\u0159isp\u00edvat k nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00edm zdravotn\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016fm u goril horsk\u00fdch. Tyto poznatky jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro jejich \u00fa\u010dinnou ochranu.<\/b><\/h6>\n

Unik\u00e1tn\u00ed studie zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e1 v \u010dasopise Biological Conservation<\/i> zkoum\u00e1 dynamiku parazit\u00e1rn\u00edch infekc\u00ed u dvou jedin\u00fdch populac\u00ed goril horsk\u00fdch, kter\u00e9 \u017eij\u00ed v Ugand\u011b a Rwand\u011b. V\u00fdzkum motivovala snaha porozum\u011bt n\u00e1r\u016fstu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed jejich tr\u00e1vic\u00edho traktu, v\u010detn\u011b smrteln\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. Pitvy uhynul\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at odhalily patologick\u00e9 zm\u011bny, je\u017e sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o infekci \u017ealude\u010dn\u00edmi strongylidn\u00edmi hl\u00edsticemi.<\/p>\n

Pokro\u010dil\u00e9 sekvenov\u00e1n\u00ed goril\u00edho trusu<\/b><\/h6>\n

V\u011bdci z\u00a0\u00dastavu biologie obratlovc\u016f AV \u010cR (\u00daBO AV \u010cR) provedli detailn\u00ed anal\u00fdzu DNA parazit\u016f ze vzork\u016f goril\u00edho trusu z\u00edskan\u00fdch v letech 2001 a 2018 v N\u00e1rodn\u00edm parku Volcanoes v Rwand\u011b a v N\u00e1rodn\u00edm parku Bwindi Impenetrable v Ugand\u011b. Zam\u011b\u0159ili se na strongylidn\u00ed hl\u00edstice, kter\u00e9 napadaj\u00ed \u017ealudek a\u00a0st\u0159eva mnoha obratlovc\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b lid\u00ed a dom\u00e1c\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at. Tito parazit\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed riziko i pro voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichy, v\u010detn\u011b ohro\u017een\u00fdch prim\u00e1t\u016f. \u201eV p\u0159\u00edpadech t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 infekce nebo z\u00e1sadn\u00edch zm\u011bn ve slo\u017een\u00ed parazit\u00e1rn\u00edho spole\u010denstva mohou tyto hl\u00edstice zp\u016fsobit v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed nebo i\u00a0smrt<\/i>,\u201c upozor\u0148uje Tierra Smiley Evans z\u00a0organizace Gorilla Doctors.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edstup k dosp\u011bl\u00fdm hl\u00edstic\u00edm je v\u0161ak velmi omezen\u00fd a vaj\u00ed\u010dka v trusu nelze b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi mikroskopick\u00fdmi ani standardn\u00edmi molekul\u00e1rn\u00edmi metodami ur\u010dit a\u017e na \u00farove\u0148 rodu \u010di druhu. Proto se t\u00fdm rozhodl, \u017ee vyu\u017eije modern\u00ed techniku vysokokapacitn\u00edho sekvenov\u00e1n\u00ed (HTS). Tato pokro\u010dil\u00e1 DNA metoda umo\u017enila p\u0159esn\u011b ur\u010dit, kter\u00e9 druhy hl\u00edstic jsou p\u0159\u00edtomny, a sledovat, jak se jejich spole\u010denstva v \u010dase m\u011bn\u00ed. \u201eTakov\u00e1 dlouhodob\u00e1 epidemiologick\u00e1 data jsou u ohro\u017een\u00fdch druh\u016f vz\u00e1cn\u00e1. Pom\u00e1haj\u00ed n\u00e1m nejen pochopit aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost parazit\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 sledovat jejich v\u00fdvoj v pr\u016fb\u011bhu let, co\u017e je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro\u00a0odhad rizika vzniku onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/i>,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Winnie Eckardt z organizace Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund.<\/p>\n

Prom\u011bna parazit\u00e1rn\u00edch spole\u010denstev u goril: star\u00e9 druhy, nov\u00e9 hrozby<\/b><\/h6>\n

Studie uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee studovan\u00e9 izolovan\u00e9 populace goril horsk\u00fdch napadaj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e1 spole\u010denstva strongylidn\u00edch hl\u00edstic. V Bwindi se vyskytuj\u00ed rody hl\u00edstic, kter\u00e9 jsou ve Volcanoes vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 nebo zcela chyb\u011bj\u00ed. Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed stabiln\u011b v \u010dase a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b souvisej\u00ed s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi ekologick\u00fdmi podm\u00ednkami a s v\u00fdskytem dal\u0161\u00edch prim\u00e1t\u016f \u2013 konkr\u00e9tn\u011b \u0161impanz\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed v Bwindi \u017eij\u00ed, zat\u00edmco ve\u00a0Volcanoes nikoli.<\/p>\n

Naopak u goril v parku Volcanoes, zejm\u00e9na v oblasti mezi vulk\u00e1ny Karisimbi a Bisoke, zaznamenali v\u011bdci v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zm\u011bny v parazit\u00e1rn\u00edch spole\u010denstvech, a pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdrazn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst strongylidn\u00ed hl\u00edstice rodu Hyostrongylus<\/i>, kter\u00e1 zp\u016fsobuje gastritidu u prasat. Tento d\u0159\u00edve nepo\u010detn\u00fd parazit se stal dominantn\u00edm v goril\u00edch skupin\u00e1ch, v\u00a0nich\u017e se \u010dast\u011bji vyskytuj\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed tr\u00e1vic\u00edho traktu, \u010dasto kon\u010d\u00edc\u00ed \u00fahynem. \u201eTato zm\u011bna ukazuje, jak m\u016f\u017ee ekologick\u00e1 nerovnov\u00e1ha p\u0159isp\u011bt k rozvoji onemocn\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 i u parazit\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed byli dlouhodob\u011b p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00ed jen v\u00a0mal\u00e9m po\u010dtu,<\/i>\u201c vysv\u011btluje hlavn\u00ed autorka studie Bethan Mason z V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 skupiny ekologie symbiont\u016f prim\u00e1t\u016f v \u00daBO AV \u010cR.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci nezjistili, \u017ee by se v goril\u00ed populaci objevili zcela nov\u00ed parazit\u00e9. Hrozbu naopak p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed zm\u011bny v zastoupen\u00ed druh\u016f, kter\u00e9 se v prost\u0159ed\u00ed vyskytuj\u00ed dlouhodob\u011b \u2013 tzv. obm\u011bna spole\u010denstev. V\u00fdsledky nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee vliv environment\u00e1ln\u00edch stresor\u016f m\u016f\u017ee naru\u0161it rovnov\u00e1hu, v jej\u00edm\u017e d\u016fsledku za\u010dnou n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy parazit\u016f dominovat na \u00fakor jin\u00fdch. \u201ePodobn\u00fd mechanismus zn\u00e1me u hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at ve vysok\u00e9 koncentraci, kde opakovan\u00e9 infekce vedou k v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm zdravotn\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016fm. Ot\u00e1zkou z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1, zda se n\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho neza\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 odehr\u00e1vat i u voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch goril, kter\u00e9 dnes p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed na\u00a0omezen\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed a ve st\u00e1le vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hustot\u011b<\/i>,\u201c upozor\u0148uje Bethan Mason z\u00a0\u00dastavu biologie obratlovc\u016f AV \u010cR.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdznam historick\u00fdch vzork\u016f pro v\u00fdzkum<\/b><\/h6>\n

Jedna z prvn\u00edch biobank zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch v\u00fdhradn\u011b na ochranu p\u0159\u00edrody vznikla u\u017e v\u00a0sedmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, vedena mottem: \u201eMus\u00edte sb\u00edrat v\u011bci kv\u016fli d\u016fvod\u016fm, kter\u00e9 zat\u00edm nezn\u00e1me.\u201c T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o\u00a0p\u016fl stolet\u00ed pozd\u011bji z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 tato filozofie mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed. Biobanky umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed v\u011bdc\u016fm zkoumat ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 v dob\u011b sb\u011bru vzork\u016f je\u0161t\u011b neexistovaly \u2013 a aplikovat na historick\u00fd materi\u00e1l nov\u00e9 molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed metody.<\/p>\n

\u201eHistorick\u00e9 vzorky z biobank jsou v tomto v\u00fdzkumu nenahraditeln\u00e9. Umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed n\u00e1m retrospektivn\u011b analyzovat zm\u011bny a vyu\u017e\u00edt modern\u00ed DNA techniky k pochopen\u00ed dlouhodob\u00fdch trend\u016f v ekologii infekc\u00ed<\/i>,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Julius Nziza z Gorilla Doctors. \u201eT\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u010dty\u0159icet let vzork\u016f, kter\u00e9 Gorilla Doctors nashrom\u00e1\u017edili, tvo\u0159\u00ed pevn\u00fd z\u00e1klad pro v\u00fdzkum zdravotn\u00edch trend\u016f i praktick\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ochrany goril<\/i>.\u201c<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkum propojuje desetilet\u00ed ter\u00e9nn\u00edch dat o zdrav\u00ed a ochran\u011b goril s nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi genetick\u00fdmi metodami a ukazuje, jak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je mezioborov\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce. \u201eStudie jasn\u011b dokazuje, \u017ee propojen\u00ed dlouhodob\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f a odborn\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce je kl\u00ed\u010dem k pochopen\u00ed dynamiky nemoc\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch strategi\u00ed ochrany. Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 poznatky mohou v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bt k udr\u017eiteln\u00e9mu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ohro\u017een\u00fdch druh\u016f a jedine\u010dn\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 ob\u00fdvaj\u00ed<\/i>,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Richard Muvunyi z Rwanda Development Board.<\/p>\n

Studie je v\u00fdsledkem dlouholet\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce \u010desk\u00fdch, rwandsk\u00fdch a ugandsk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f a ochran\u00e1\u0159\u016f. P\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00fd pohled do dosud skryt\u00e9ho sv\u011bta st\u0159evn\u00edch parazit\u016f a na jejich vliv na zdrav\u00ed a p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed jednoho z nejikoni\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch druh\u016f planety.<\/p>\n

DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocon.2025.111319<\/a><\/u><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":352865,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[179,174],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/02\/nove-parazite.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/352864"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=352864"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/352864\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":352866,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/352864\/revisions\/352866"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/352865"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=352864"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=352864"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=352864"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}