{"id":35145,"date":"2020-10-27T16:29:59","date_gmt":"2020-10-27T15:29:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=35145"},"modified":"2020-10-28T18:21:14","modified_gmt":"2020-10-28T17:21:14","slug":"statni-svatek-28-rijna-1918-byl-vyhlasen-samostatny-ceskoslovensky-stat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=35145","title":{"rendered":"ST\u00c1TN\u00cd SV\u00c1TEK: 28. \u0159\u00edjna 1918 byl vyhl\u00e1\u0161en samostatn\u00fd \u010deskoslovensk\u00fd st\u00e1t"},"content":{"rendered":"<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Na konci \u0159\u00edjna 1918 do\u0161lo v jist\u00e9m ohledu k napln\u011bn\u00ed dlouholet\u00fdch snah \u010desk\u00e9 politick\u00e9 reprezentace a \u010desk\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda jako celku a to sice ke vzniku samostatn\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu. Den vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska si p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me jako st\u00e1tn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek.<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V pr\u016fb\u011bhu podzimu 1918 se bl\u00ed\u017eil konec prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, d\u011bsiv\u00e9ho konfliktu, kter\u00fd nen\u00e1vratn\u011b poznamenal tv\u00e1\u0159 Evropy a zas\u00e1hl do osud\u016f milion\u016f lid\u00ed. Rakousko \u2013 Uhersko, mezi \u010cechy nemilovan\u00fd ale trp\u011bn\u00fd st\u00e1t, ve kter\u00e9m krom\u011b nich \u017eila je\u0161t\u011b cel\u00e1 \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1rod\u016f st\u0159edov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy, byl u konce s dechem. N\u00e1rodn\u00edm celk\u016fm se otev\u00edrala cesta k samostatnosti, o kter\u00e9 se je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety nikomu ani nesnilo. \u010cesk\u00e1 dom\u00e1c\u00ed politick\u00e1 reprezentace soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e1 v N\u00e1rodn\u00edm v\u00fdboru se na z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed samostatnosti p\u0159ipravovala, ale tak rychl\u00e9 zhroucen\u00ed monarchie, ke kter\u00e9mu do\u0161lo na konci \u0159\u00edjna 1918, p\u0159ece jenom ne\u010dekala. Sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o tom nap\u0159. ten fakt, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed \u010deln\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 N\u00e1rodn\u00edho v\u00fdboru nebyli v t\u00e9 dob\u011b p\u0159\u00edtomni v Praze, ale odjeli na z\u00e1klad\u011b povolen\u00ed rakousk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy do \u017denevy, kde se m\u011bli setkat s p\u0159edstaviteli exilov\u00e9 politick\u00e9 reprezentace.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ani exilov\u00ed reprezentanti soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed kolem pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edho prezidenta T. G. Masaryka ne\u010dekali tak rychl\u00fd konec v\u00e1lky. Edvard Bene\u0161 je\u0161t\u011b na po\u010d\u00e1tku podzimu 1918 o\u010dek\u00e1val konec konfliktu a\u017e na ja\u0159e 1919, kdy se m\u011bla pln\u011b prosadit p\u0159evaha st\u00e1t\u016f tzv. Dohody nyn\u00ed ji\u017e podpo\u0159en\u00e1 americk\u00fdmi vojsky na z\u00e1padn\u00ed front\u011b. P\u0159esto podnikli exilov\u00ed reprezentanti \u0159adu krok\u016f, kter\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u011b pos\u00edlily postaven\u00ed exilov\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f a vy\u00fastily v uzn\u00e1n\u00ed \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed rady, vrcholn\u00e9ho org\u00e1nu zahrani\u010dn\u00edho odboje, jako budouc\u00ed \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy ze strany jednotliv\u00fdch dohodov\u00fdch mocnost\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku 1918. Jakousi pomyslnou te\u010dkou za t\u00edmto sna\u017een\u00edm bylo vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed tzv. Washingtonsk\u00e9 deklarace 18. \u0159\u00edjna 1918, ve kter\u00e9 T. G. Masaryk proklamoval jm\u00e9nem prozat\u00edmn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy budouc\u00ed \u010deskoslovensk\u00fd st\u00e1t a to v\u010detn\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00edch princip\u016f, na jejich\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b m\u011bl fungovat.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Jak u\u017e bylo \u0159e\u010deno, na konci \u0159\u00edjna 1918 v Praze nebyla p\u0159\u00edtomna \u010d\u00e1st vrcholn\u00fdch dom\u00e1c\u00edch politik\u016f. Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed neodjeli na jedn\u00e1n\u00ed do \u017denevy, vyu\u017eili n\u00e1lady obyvatelstva, kter\u00e9 si vylo\u017eilo publikov\u00e1n\u00ed tzv. Andr\u00e1ssyho n\u00f3ty, jako konec monarchie. Ve skute\u010dnosti rakousk\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Gula Andr\u00e1ssy jen \u017e\u00e1dal americk\u00e9ho prezidenta a zah\u00e1jen\u00ed m\u00edrov\u00fdch rozhovor\u016f a to na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u011b formulovan\u00fdch podm\u00ednek. Mezi nimi v\u0161ak byl tak\u00e9 bod, kter\u00fd mluvil o pr\u00e1vu n\u00e1rod\u016f na sebeur\u010den\u00ed. Lid se shrom\u00e1\u017edil v ulic\u00edch a za\u010dalo \u017eiveln\u00e9 odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed symbol\u016f monarchie. P\u011btice v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch politik\u016f, pozd\u011bji zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako tzv. mu\u017ei \u0159\u00edjna, ve slo\u017een\u00ed Anton\u00edn \u0160vehla, Franti\u0161ek Soukup, Ji\u0159\u00ed St\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fd, Alois Ra\u0161\u00edn a Vavro \u0160rob\u00e1r se ujala jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s rakousk\u00fdmi \u00fa\u0159ady. Jedn\u00edm z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch akt\u016f bylo p\u0159evzet\u00ed spr\u00e1vy Obiln\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu v Praze, kter\u00fd m\u011bl na starosti z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00ed potravinami. Jejich distribuce byla jedn\u00edm z nejpal\u010div\u011bj\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f a tak spr\u00e1va tohoto \u00fa\u0159adu d\u00e1vala mu\u017e\u016fm \u0159\u00edjna do rukou velkou moc. Cel\u00e9 sna\u017een\u00ed pak bylo zavr\u0161eno p\u0159ijet\u00edm prvn\u00edho z\u00e1kona samostatn\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, ve kter\u00e9m st\u00e1lo, \u017ee st\u00e1t \u010deskoslovensk\u00fd se stal skute\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch dnech se zpr\u00e1va o vzniku st\u00e1tu postupn\u011b \u0161\u00ed\u0159ila i mimo Prahu. P\u0159esto\u017ee netu\u0161ili o ud\u00e1lostech v Praze, p\u0159ihl\u00e1sili se k budouc\u00edmu \u010ceskoslovensku takt\u00e9\u017e p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 slovensk\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda na shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed v Tur\u010dianskom Sv\u00e4tom Martin\u011b 30. \u0159\u00edjna 1918. Definitivn\u011b pak bylo konstituov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1tu zavr\u0161eno po n\u00e1vratu delegace ze \u0160v\u00fdcarska. Na slavnostn\u00ed sch\u016fzi N\u00e1rodn\u00edho v\u00fdboru 13. listopadu 1918 byla p\u0159ijata prozat\u00edmn\u00ed \u00fastava a zvolena prvn\u00ed vl\u00e1da \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 republiky v \u010dele s Karlem Kram\u00e1\u0159em. Prvn\u00edm prezidentem byl pak jednomysln\u011b zvolen T. G. Masaryk.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/icv.vlada.cz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">INFORMA\u010cN\u00cd CENTRUM VL\u00c1DY<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-144037\" src=\"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/20\/28.-\u0159\u00edjen-1918-vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"960\" height=\"1426\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/20\/28.-\u0159\u00edjen-1918-vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka.jpg 727w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/20\/28.-\u0159\u00edjen-1918-vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka-202x300.jpg 202w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/20\/28.-\u0159\u00edjen-1918-vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka-689x1024.jpg 689w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/20\/28.-\u0159\u00edjen-1918-vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka-240x357.jpg 240w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/20\/28.-\u0159\u00edjen-1918-vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka-325x483.jpg 325w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Na konci <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":144038,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[74],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/20\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35145"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=35145"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35145\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":144039,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35145\/revisions\/144039"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/144038"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=35145"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=35145"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=35145"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}