{"id":351377,"date":"2025-07-16T18:55:08","date_gmt":"2025-07-16T17:55:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=351377"},"modified":"2025-07-16T18:56:54","modified_gmt":"2025-07-16T17:56:54","slug":"ceska-republika-jak-evropska-jezera-celi-klimaticke-zmene-nejohrozenejsi-jsou-nadrze-v-nizinach-bez-zdroje-podzemni-vody","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=351377","title":{"rendered":"\u010cESK\u00c1 REPUBLIKA: Jak jezera v Evrop\u011b \u010del\u00ed zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu? Nejohro\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou n\u00e1dr\u017ee v n\u00ed\u017ein\u00e1ch bez zdroje podzemn\u00ed vody"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto: pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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Na zdroji vody z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed. Jezera nap\u00e1jen\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b podzemn\u00ed vodou odol\u00e1vaj\u00ed suchu a extr\u00e9mn\u00edm teplot\u00e1m l\u00e9pe ne\u017e ta, kter\u00e1 z\u00e1visej\u00ed pouze na sr\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1ch. Uk\u00e1zal to v\u00fdzkum v\u011bdc\u016f z Biologick\u00e9ho centra Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR, kte\u0159\u00ed mezi lety 2022 a 2024 analyzovali slo\u017een\u00ed vody v 350 jezerech nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d 18 evropsk\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi.<\/h6>\n

\"\"U sledovan\u00fdch jezer v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z\u00a0Hydrobiologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu Biologick\u00e9ho centra AV \u010cR analyzovali zastoupen\u00ed stabiln\u00edch izotop\u016f vod\u00edku a kysl\u00edku (\u00b2H a \u00b9\u2078O) ve vod\u011b. D\u00edky t\u011bmto izotopov\u00fdm stop\u00e1m dok\u00e1\u017eou vysledovat, do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry vodu v jezerech ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eky, jak siln\u011b jsou jezera propojena s podzemn\u00edmi vodami a jak\u00fd je pom\u011br mezi p\u0159\u00edtokem vody a\u00a0odparem.<\/p>\n

Tato data t\u00fdm zkombinoval s ve\u0159ejn\u011b dostupn\u00fdmi environment\u00e1ln\u00edmi \u00fadaji, jako jsou meteorologick\u00e1 data (pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u00ed teplota a sr\u00e1\u017eky, typ klimatu, relativn\u00ed vlhkost), pod\u00edl vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u016fdy (hol\u00e1 p\u016fda, orn\u00e1 p\u016fda, lesy, travn\u00ed porosty, sn\u00edh, urbanizovan\u00e9 oblasti) a\u00a0charakteristiky povod\u00ed (typ jezera, velikost, maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed hloubka a nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka).<\/p>\n

\u201ePomoc\u00ed modelu strojov\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed jsme pro ka\u017ed\u00e9 jezero identifikovali kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 faktory, kter\u00e9 udr\u017euj\u00ed zdravou vodn\u00ed bilanci, a p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bli jsme, jak\u00fd dopad budou m\u00edt zm\u011bny sr\u00e1\u017eek a\u00a0teplot do roku 2050,\u201c<\/em> popisuje Cristina Paule Mercado z Biologick\u00e9ho centra AV \u010cR, kter\u00e1 v\u00fdzkum prezentuje i na konferenci Goldschmidt v\u00a0Praze.<\/p>\n

Podzemn\u00ed voda napom\u00e1h\u00e1 stabilit\u011b<\/h6>\n

V\u00fdsledky ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee jezera propojen\u00e1 s podzemn\u00edmi vodami si udr\u017euj\u00ed stabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hladinu a\u00a0l\u00e9pe odol\u00e1vaj\u00ed dopad\u016fm klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn. Naopak m\u011blk\u00e1 jezera, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed v\u016f\u010di sv\u00e9mu objemu velkou plochou hladiny, ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed vodu odparem rychleji, ne\u017e ji dopl\u0148uj\u00ed z\u00a0p\u0159\u00edtok\u016f, a\u00a0jsou proto zraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u016f\u010di rostouc\u00edm teplot\u00e1m a \u00fabytku sr\u00e1\u017eek.<\/p>\n

\u201eP\u016fvodn\u011b jsme o\u010dek\u00e1vali, \u017ee pro v\u0161echna jezera budou platit stejn\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 faktory, ale nebylo tomu tak. A\u010dkoliv m\u016f\u017eeme z anal\u00fdzy vyvodit n\u011bkter\u00e9 obecn\u00e9 trendy, zjistili jsme, \u017ee v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9 oblasti funguje jin\u00e1 dynamika, kter\u00e1 vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00a0kombinace r\u016fzn\u00fdch prom\u011bnn\u00fdch. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zohlednit v\u0161echny tyto faktory \u2013 zejm\u00e9na napojen\u00ed jezer na podzemn\u00ed vodu \u2013 p\u0159i navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed strategi\u00ed pro udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s\u00a0vodn\u00edmi zdroji v dob\u011b klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny a nedostatku vody,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Cristina Paule Mercado.<\/p>\n

Jezera v\u00a0n\u00ed\u017ein\u00e1ch budou m\u00edt v\u00a0roce 2050 probl\u00e9m<\/h6>\n

Model rovn\u011b\u017e uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee jezera v n\u00ed\u017ein\u00e1ch do roku 2050 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b dos\u00e1hnou kritick\u00e9ho pom\u011bru odparu v\u016f\u010di p\u0159\u00edtoku, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k nedostatku vody a zhor\u0161en\u00ed jej\u00ed kvality. V\u016fbec nejohro\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou um\u011bl\u00e1 jezera, jako jsou p\u0159ehrady. N\u00ed\u017einn\u00e1 jezera toti\u017e b\u00fdvaj\u00ed m\u011blk\u00e1 (pom\u011brem plochy hladiny v\u016f\u010di hloubce) a m\u00e9n\u011b napojen\u00e1 na zdroje podzemn\u00ed vody, co\u017e naru\u0161uje rovnov\u00e1hu mezi odparem a p\u0159\u00edtokem. Nav\u00edc se mnohdy nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v oblastech s\u00a0intenzivn\u00edm zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00edm, kde doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke splach\u016fm hnojiv a dal\u0161\u00edch l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed \u017eivin a zhor\u0161uj\u00ed kvalitu vody.<\/p>\n

Odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou naopak jezera ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch nadmo\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch nebo v alpsk\u00fdch oblastech. Je to d\u00edky ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm teplot\u00e1m, men\u0161\u00edmu odparu a \u010dasto lep\u0161\u00edmu napojen\u00ed na podzemn\u00ed vodu. Tato jezera jsou tak\u00e9 zat\u00edm m\u00e9n\u011b ohro\u017eena okoln\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blskou \u010dinnost\u00ed, a tedy i \u017eivinov\u00fdm zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm. V\u011bdci v\u0161ak upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 p\u016fda se postupn\u011b roz\u0161i\u0159uje do vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch poloh, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v budoucnu ovlivnit jak kvalitu, tak dostupnost vody i v t\u011bchto jezerech.<\/p>\n

Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159esah<\/h6>\n

Hydrobiologov\u00e9 d\u00e1le roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed svou datab\u00e1zi, kter\u00e1 nyn\u00ed zahrnuje ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 400 jezer, a\u00a0cht\u011bj\u00ed z\u00a0n\u00ed vytvo\u0159it glob\u00e1ln\u00ed zdroj dat. Krom\u011b environment\u00e1ln\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f z ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f odeb\u00edraj\u00ed v\u011bdci ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b vzorky z n\u011bkolika stovek jezer, spolupracuj\u00ed s\u00a0odborn\u00edky z\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch instituc\u00ed a tak\u00e9 zapojuj\u00ed ve\u0159ejnost prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u011bdy. D\u00edky tomu se da\u0159\u00ed pokr\u00fdt v\u00edce oblast\u00ed a posilovat zapojen\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edch komunit.<\/p>\n

(tz-av\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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