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Svrab je vysoce infek\u010dn\u00ed. P\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed se nejen p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m dotyku zdrav\u00e9ho s k\u016f\u017e\u00ed nemocn\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka (nap\u0159. p\u0159i pohlavn\u00edm styku nebo p\u0159i span\u00ed v jedn\u00e9 posteli), ale i\u00a0 nep\u0159\u00edmo. Sta\u010d\u00ed kontakt s kontaminovan\u00fdm lo\u017en\u00edm pr\u00e1dlem, ru\u010dn\u00edky, od\u011bvy nebo textiliemi v n\u00e1bytku. Nakazit se m\u016f\u017ee kdokoli bez rozd\u00edlu v\u011bku \u010di soci\u00e1ln\u00edho postaven\u00ed.<\/p>\n
P\u0159\u00edznaky a symptomy :<\/strong>\u00a0Klinick\u00fd obraz svrabu je charakterizov\u00e1n intenzivn\u00edm sv\u011bd\u011bn\u00edm k\u016f\u017ee, zejm\u00e9na v noci po zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed v posteli, a v\u00fdskytem ko\u017en\u00edch projev\u016f, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed na predilek\u010dn\u00edch m\u00edstech s ten\u010d\u00ed vrstvou k\u016f\u017ee, nap\u0159\u00edklad z\u00e1p\u011bst\u00ed, k\u016f\u017ee mezi prsty, genit\u00e1lie, p\u0159edn\u00ed axil\u00e1rn\u00ed \u0159asa, dvorce prsn\u00edch bradavek, oblast pupku, pasu a vnit\u0159n\u00ed plochy stehen a kotn\u00edky. U d\u011bt\u00ed ko\u017en\u00ed erupce mohou postihovat k\u0161tici, obli\u010dej, dlan\u011b a plosky nohou. U kojenc\u016f m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt posti\u017eeno cel\u00e9 t\u011blo.<\/p>\n Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed l\u00e9ze m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159ekryta akutn\u00ed dermatitidou, co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b zt\u011b\u017euje diagnostiku onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed komplikac\u00ed je sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed infekce, zejm\u00e9na beta hemolytick\u00fdmi streptokokoky skupiny A nebo \u201ezlat\u00fdm stafylokokem\u201c Staphylococcus aureus, zanesen\u00e1 \u0161kr\u00e1b\u00e1n\u00edm, objevuje se pyodermie, postskabietick\u00fd pruritus, ekzemat\u00f3zn\u00ed projevy a urtik\u00e1rie.<\/p>\n N\u00e1kaza m\u016f\u017ee vyvolat alergickou reakci s v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm zdu\u0159en\u00edm lymfatick\u00fdch uzlin, kter\u00e9 z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 i n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f po antiskabi\u00e9zn\u00ed terapii. Rovn\u011b\u017e sv\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159etrv\u00e1vat je\u0161t\u011b mnoho t\u00fddn\u016f po l\u00e9\u010db\u011b. Ko\u017en\u00ed projevy u svrabu vyvolan\u00e9ho zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edmi z\u00e1ko\u017ekami se objevuj\u00ed n\u00e1hle, asi 10 dni po infestaci rozto\u010de. Miz\u00ed postupn\u011b, asi za 4 \u20136 t\u00fddn\u016f po ukon\u010den\u00ed kontaktu se zv\u00ed\u0159etem.<\/p>\n Inkuba\u010dn\u00ed doba:<\/strong>\u00a0D\u00e9lka inkuba\u010dn\u00ed doby z\u00e1vis\u00ed na \u00farovni osobn\u00ed hygieny a na p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9m p\u0159edchoz\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. U lid\u00ed bez p\u0159edchoz\u00ed expozice se prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky, tedy sv\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed, objevuj\u00ed za 2 \u2013 6 t\u00fddn\u016f po kontaktu. U osob s vysokou \u00farovn\u00ed hygieny b\u00fdv\u00e1 inkuba\u010dn\u00ed doba del\u0161\u00ed. P\u0159i opakovan\u00e9 infekci je inkuba\u010dn\u00ed doba krat\u0161\u00ed; p\u0159\u00edznaky onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se objevuj\u00ed ji\u017e 1 \u2013 4 dny po expozici.<\/p>\n P\u016fvodce:<\/strong>\u00a0rozto\u010d Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis (z\u00e1ko\u017eka svrabov\u00e1).<\/p>\n Zdroj:<\/strong>\u00a0Zdrojem onemocn\u011bn\u00ed svrabem u lid\u00ed je v\u00fdhradn\u011b infestovan\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk.<\/p>\n P\u0159enos:<\/strong>\u00a0obvykle p\u0159\u00edmo, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i t\u011bsn\u00e9m kontaktu s k\u016f\u017e\u00ed nemocn\u00e9 osoby, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b p\u0159i pohlavn\u00edm styku, v tepl\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed na l\u016f\u017eku, p\u0159i span\u00ed v jedn\u00e9 posteli, nebo nep\u0159\u00edmo, zejm\u00e9na kontaktem s kontaminovan\u00fdm lo\u017en\u00edm pr\u00e1dlem, ru\u010dn\u00edky nebo no\u0161en\u00edm od\u011bv\u016f, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvala nemocn\u00e1 osoba. K \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed napom\u00e1h\u00e1 n\u00edzk\u00e1 hygienick\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148, promiskuita a institucionalizace (nap\u0159. ubytovny, nocleh\u00e1rny, l\u00e9\u010debny pro dlouhodob\u011b nemocn\u00e9, nemocnice, psychiatrick\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010debny, \u00fastavy soci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de). Rizikov\u00e9 jsou zejm\u00e9na prostory, kde se \u010dasto a rychle st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1 velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed lid\u00ed bez mo\u017enosti dostate\u010dn\u00e9ho \u00faklidu a v\u00fdm\u011bny lo\u017en\u00edho pr\u00e1dla.\u00a0Problematick\u00e9 z hlediska mo\u017en\u00e9ho p\u0159enosu jsou od\u011bvy a pr\u00e1dlo, kter\u00e9 se nedaj\u00ed pr\u00e1t na vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teploty ne\u017e 40\u00b0 C.<\/p>\n Obdob\u00ed naka\u017elivosti, vn\u00edmavost, imunita:<\/strong>\u00a0Naka\u017elivost pacienta se svrabem trv\u00e1, dokud jsou v jeho k\u016f\u017ei p\u0159\u00edtomny \u017eiv\u00e9 z\u00e1ko\u017eky a vaj\u00ed\u010dka parazit\u016f. Kon\u010d\u00ed po \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b proveden\u00e9 antiskabi\u00e9zn\u00ed k\u00fa\u0159e a po v\u0161ech d\u016fkladn\u011b proveden\u00fdch hygienick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00edch, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo dal\u0161\u00edmu \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1kazy \u010di reinfestaci. Osoby s p\u0159edchoz\u00ed infestac\u00ed jsou v\u00edce vn\u00edmav\u00e9 k opakovan\u00e9mu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Osoby se sn\u00ed\u017eenou imunitou jsou n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k hyperinfestaci. Mezi hlavn\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u00ed predispozi\u010dn\u00ed faktory pat\u0159\u00ed p\u0159elidn\u011bn\u00ed, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed intimita, migrace populace, n\u00edzk\u00e1 hygienick\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148, podv\u00fd\u017eiva, imunologick\u00e9 faktory, zejm\u00e9na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 imunita, a institucionalizace.<\/p>\n L\u00e9\u010dba svrabu:<\/strong>\u00a0Terapie svrabu je lok\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo celkov\u00e1. K lok\u00e1ln\u00ed terapii svrabu se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed antiskabietika, tedy masti a kr\u00e9my s obsahem l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1ko\u017eky zni\u010d\u00ed. Tyto p\u0159\u00edpravky je v\u0161ak nutno aplikovat d\u016fkladn\u011b na cel\u00e9 t\u011blo, od krku dol\u016f. V m\u00edst\u011b, kde mast nen\u00ed nanesena, mohou z\u00e1ko\u017eky p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvat, proto je nutn\u00e9, aby p\u0159\u00edpravek byl nanesen tak, aby p\u016fsobil na z\u00e1ko\u017eky p\u0159\u00edmo, kontaktn\u011b. U mlad\u0161\u00edch d\u011bt\u00ed je t\u0159eba nat\u0159\u00edt i obli\u010dej a vlasatou \u010d\u00e1st hlavy. Po namaz\u00e1n\u00ed cel\u00e9ho t\u011bla se ruce neum\u00fdvaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n L\u00e9\u010debnou k\u00faru je nutno podstoupit opakovan\u011b, p\u0159\u00edpravky se aplikuj\u00ed 1x za 24 hodin obvykle t\u0159i po sob\u011b n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed dny; jednor\u00e1zov\u00e1 aplikace nesta\u010d\u00ed. B\u011bhem jedn\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9 k\u00fary je nemocn\u00e9mu doporu\u010deno se nem\u00fdt. Po ka\u017ed\u00e9 k\u00fa\u0159e je nutno se vykoupat, vym\u011bnit pr\u00e1dlo a povle\u010den\u00ed a v\u0161echno pr\u00e1dlo op\u011bt vyva\u0159it nebo o\u0161et\u0159it doporu\u010den\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem.<\/p>\n Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 sou\u010dasn\u011b l\u00e9\u010dit v\u0161echny osoby v t\u011bsn\u00e9m kontaktu s naka\u017een\u00fdm, p\u0159esto\u017ee nemaj\u00ed klinick\u00e9 obt\u00ed\u017ee. I kdy\u017e jsou z\u00e1ko\u017eky po terapii zni\u010deny, klinick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky mohou p\u0159etrv\u00e1vat i n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f po ukon\u010den\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dby.<\/p>\n Epidemiologick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n (tz-sz\u00fa)<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" M\u00e9dia <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":349049,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/18\/ram-svrab.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/349045"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=349045"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/349045\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":349050,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/349045\/revisions\/349050"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/349049"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=349045"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=349045"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=349045"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n
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