{"id":348096,"date":"2025-06-09T13:03:32","date_gmt":"2025-06-09T12:03:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=348096"},"modified":"2025-06-09T13:04:11","modified_gmt":"2025-06-09T12:04:11","slug":"vseobecna-zdravotni-pojistovna-prevence-a-ochrana-pred-klistaty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=348096","title":{"rendered":"V\u0160EOBECN\u00c1 ZDRAVOTN\u00cd POJI\u0160\u0164OVNA: Prevence a ochrana p\u0159ed kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165aty"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

OT\u00c1ZKA:<\/h6>\n
Jak se \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165aty a nemocemi, kter\u00e9 p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed?<\/b><\/h6>\n
ODPOV\u011a\u010e:<\/h6>\n

Kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ata m\u011b\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2 a\u017e 4 mm, po nas\u00e1t\u00ed krve se v\u0161ak objem jejich t\u011bla m\u016f\u017ee zv\u011bt\u0161it a\u017e 200kr\u00e1t. Kl\u00ed\u0161t\u011b se p\u0159is\u00e1v\u00e1 pomoc\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edho org\u00e1nu s h\u00e1\u010dky, kter\u00fd mu umo\u017e\u0148uje pevn\u011b se uchytit na hostiteli. B\u011bhem s\u00e1n\u00ed vylu\u010duje\u00a0sliny obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 br\u00e1n\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed krve a tlum\u00ed bolest, tak\u017ee si ho \u010dasto v\u0161imneme a\u017e po del\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b<\/b>.\u00a0V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice pat\u0159\u00ed kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ata mezi\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 p\u0159ena\u0161e\u010de infek\u010dn\u00edch nemoc\u00ed,\u00a0<\/b>p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nej\u010dast\u011bji se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ovou encefalitidu a lymskou boreli\u00f3zu<\/b>. B\u011bhem letn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f je riziko n\u00e1kazy vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, proto je dobr\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bt, jak se p\u0159ed kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165aty chr\u00e1nit. Aktivitu a v\u00fdskyt kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165at je mo\u017en\u00e9 sledovat nap\u0159\u00edklad na\u00a0str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9ho hydrometeorologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu.<\/p>\n

Jak p\u0159edej\u00edt p\u0159is\u00e1t\u00ed kl\u00ed\u0161t\u011bte?<\/b><\/p>\n

Pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rizika p\u0159is\u00e1t\u00ed kl\u00ed\u0161t\u011bte je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 dodr\u017eovat n\u011bkolik z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pravidel, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i pobytu v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b.<\/b>\u00a0Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed je zvolit pevnou obuv a oble\u010den\u00ed ze\u00a0<\/strong>sv\u011btl\u00e9 hladk\u00e9 l\u00e1tky<\/b>, na n\u011bm\u017e jsou kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ata dob\u0159e viditeln\u00e1 a nemohou se snadno zachytit. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je pou\u017e\u00edvat\u00a0repelent, kter\u00fd se aplikuje\u00a0<\/strong>nejen na poko\u017eku, ale i na spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st nohou a kalhot, kde je riziko p\u0159is\u00e1t\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Je vhodn\u00e9 se pohybovat hlavn\u011b po zpevn\u011bn\u00fdch cest\u00e1ch a\u00a0vyh\u00fdbat se tr\u00e1v\u011b, bylinn\u00e9 a k\u0159ovinn\u00e9 vegetaci<\/b>. V m\u00edstech, kde se mohou kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ata vyskytovat, bychom si nem\u011bli sedat ani lehat na zem.\u00a0B\u011bhem ch\u016fze bychom nem\u011bli zapom\u00ednat na pravidelnou kontrolu spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti nohou a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b ihned odstranit zachycen\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ata.<\/b><\/p>\n

Kl\u00ed\u0161t\u011b se p\u0159is\u00e1lo, jak ho spr\u00e1vn\u011b odstranit?<\/b><\/p>\n

Pokud se navzdory preventivn\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00edm p\u0159is\u00e1t\u00ed kl\u00ed\u0161t\u011bte nepoda\u0159ilo zabr\u00e1nit, je\u00a0d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ho co nejd\u0159\u00edve odstranit.<\/b>\u00a0Prvn\u00edch 24 hodin po p\u0159is\u00e1t\u00ed je\u00a0riziko n\u00e1kazy ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, s prodlu\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed se dobou s\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b roste.<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u00edsto, kde je kl\u00ed\u0161t\u011b\u00a0p\u0159ichycen\u00e9, se nejprve dezinfikuje.\u00a0<\/b>K odstran\u011bn\u00ed lze pou\u017e\u00edt\u00a0speci\u00e1ln\u00ed kartu se z\u00e1\u0159ezy, pinzetu, kle\u0161ti\u010dky nebo jinou vhodnou pom\u016fcku\u00a0<\/b>(nikdy bychom se nem\u011bli kl\u00ed\u0161t\u011bte dot\u00fdkat hol\u00fdma rukama).\u00a0Kl\u00ed\u0161t\u011b uchyt\u00edme co nejbl\u00ed\u017ee k\u016f\u017ei a jemn\u011b s n\u00edm k\u00fdveme ze strany na stranu sm\u011brem nahoru,\u00a0<\/b>dokud se neuvoln\u00ed. Nikdy kl\u00ed\u0161t\u011btem neto\u010d\u00edme, nevhodn\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 zak\u00e1pnut\u00ed kl\u00ed\u0161t\u011bte olejem nebo masti\u010dkou, zvy\u0161uje se t\u00edm riziko p\u0159enosu infekce.<\/p>\n

Po odstran\u011bn\u00ed m\u00edsto op\u011bt dezinfikujeme,\u00a0<\/b>vyjmut\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u0161t\u011b n\u00e1sledn\u011b zabal\u00edme do pap\u00edru a sp\u00e1l\u00edme nebo spl\u00e1chneme do toalety. Pot\u00e9 u\u017e jen pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b sledujeme, zda se neobjev\u00ed v\u00a0okol\u00ed m\u00edsta p\u0159is\u00e1t\u00ed \u010derven\u00e1 skvrna, zarudnut\u00ed s b\u00edl\u00fdm st\u0159edem, \u00fanava, nevolnost \u010di zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 teplota. Tyto p\u0159\u00edznaky by mohly nazna\u010dovat riziko n\u00e1kazy.<\/p>\n

Jak se chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed infekc\u00ed?<\/b><\/p>\n

Nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prevenc\u00ed proti kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 encefalitid\u011b je o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 lze absolvovat u praktick\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159e nebo v o\u010dkovac\u00edm centru.<\/b>\u00a0Vakcinace se doporu\u010duje nejen d\u011btem, ale tak\u00e9 dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edm a dosp\u011bl\u00fdm. Pro zachov\u00e1n\u00ed ochrany je t\u0159eba o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed pravideln\u011b opakovat, obvykle ka\u017ed\u00fdch 3 a\u017e 5 let. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze t\u0159\u00ed d\u00e1vek, ide\u00e1ln\u00ed tedy je s\u00a0n\u00edm za\u010d\u00edt v\u00a0zimn\u00edch \u010di jarn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch, abychom byli na l\u00e9to chr\u00e1n\u011bni. Pozor, pod\u00e1n\u00ed o\u010dkovac\u00ed l\u00e1tky se tak\u00e9 nedoporu\u010duje 4 t\u00fddny od p\u0159is\u00e1t\u00ed kl\u00ed\u0161t\u011bte.\u00a0O\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 encefalitid\u011b je hrazeno z ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdravotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed osob\u00e1m star\u0161\u00edm 50 let, a to do v\u00fd\u0161e ekonomicky nejm\u00e9n\u011b n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 varianty. Ostatn\u00ed klienti VZP \u010cR (d\u011bti i dosp\u011bl\u00ed) mohou vyu\u017e\u00edt\u00a0<\/b>p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek ve v\u00fd\u0161i 700 K\u010d<\/b><\/a>.\u00a0<\/b>Proti boreli\u00f3ze o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed zat\u00edm neexistuje, proto jedinou prevenc\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 opatrnost b\u011bhem pobytu v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b i po n\u011bm. Pokud k\u00a0p\u0159is\u00e1t\u00ed kl\u00ed\u0161t\u011bte dojde, je vhodn\u00e9 pozorovat mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky, l\u00e9\u010dbu je t\u0159eba zah\u00e1jit co nejd\u0159\u00edve, viz d\u00e1le.<\/b><\/p>\n

\n

P\u0159\u00edznaky typick\u00e9 pro kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ovou encefalitidu a lymskou boreli\u00f3zu<\/b><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edznaky kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 encefalitidy se mohou objevit 1<\/b>\u2013<\/b>3 t\u00fddny po p\u0159is\u00e1t\u00ed kl\u00ed\u0161t\u011bte a p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed v\u00a0prvn\u00ed f\u00e1zi ch\u0159ipku (<\/b>bolesti hlavy, kloub\u016f, sval\u016f, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 teplota, \u00fanava).<\/b>\u00a0Po n\u011bkolika dnech obt\u00ed\u017ee samy odezn\u00ed a n\u00e1sleduje obdob\u00ed jednoho a\u017e dvou t\u00fddn\u016f klidu.\u00a0Ve druh\u00e9 f\u00e1zi n\u00e1kazy se obvykle objevuje vysok\u00e1 hore\u010dka, zvracen\u00ed, sv\u011btloplachost, siln\u00e9 bolesti hlavy a ztuhlost \u0161\u00edje. M\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt i k posti\u017een\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00ed nervov\u00e9 soustavy, co\u017e se projevuje t\u0159esem, z\u00e1vrat\u011bmi, poruchou hybnosti sval\u016f, nervovou obrnou, dezorientac\u00ed \u010di poruchami sp\u00e1nku a pam\u011bti.<\/b>\u00a0Akutn\u00ed f\u00e1ze trv\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b<\/p>\n

2\u20133 t\u00fddny.\u00a0Pacienti jsou hospitalizov\u00e1ni a l\u00e9\u010dba prob\u00edh\u00e1 pod l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdm dohledem. Dojde-li k napaden\u00ed mozkov\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b (tzv.\u00a0 encefalitida), m\u016f\u017ee to m\u00edt v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky. V\u00a0nejz\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k selh\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edch funkc\u00ed.\u00a0Riziko komplikac\u00ed je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed u oslaben\u00fdch jedinc\u016f a senior\u016f nad 60 let.<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b lymsk\u00e9 boreli\u00f3zy se po 1\u20134 t\u00fddnech po p\u0159is\u00e1t\u00ed kl\u00ed\u0161t\u011bte v\u00a0prvn\u00ed f\u00e1zi typicky objevuje \u010derven\u00e1 skvrna v okol\u00ed m\u00edsta p\u0159is\u00e1t\u00ed kl\u00ed\u0161t\u011bte, n\u00e1kazu takt\u00e9\u017e doprov\u00e1zej\u00ed ch\u0159ipkov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky (bolest hlavy, sval\u016f a kloub\u016f, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 teplota).<\/b>\u00a0Nel\u00e9\u010d\u00ed-li se nemoc v\u010das, m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ej\u00edt do druh\u00e9 f\u00e1ze, kdy se objevuj\u00ed\u00a0nej\u010dast\u011bji hlavn\u011b bolesti kloub\u016f a otoky, obvykle ot\u00e9k\u00e1 kolenn\u00ed kloub. M\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt i\u00a0k\u00a0poruch\u00e1m vid\u011bn\u00ed, p\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed nebo \u0161um\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0u\u0161\u00edch. V pokro\u010dil\u00e9m st\u00e1diu (t\u0159et\u00ed f\u00e1ze), kdy nen\u00ed boreli\u00f3za l\u00e9\u010dena, hroz\u00ed riziko trval\u00fdch n\u00e1sledk\u016f. Nemocn\u00e1 osoba trp\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00ed \u00fanavou, chronick\u00fdmi kloubn\u00edmi probl\u00e9my a m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k\u00a0naru\u0161en\u00ed nervov\u00e9 soustavy (tzv. neuroboreli\u00f3za).\u00a0L\u00e9\u010dba prob\u00edh\u00e1 pomoc\u00ed antibiotik a je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ji zah\u00e1jit co nejd\u0159\u00edve, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo trval\u00fdm n\u00e1sledk\u016fm.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

(vzp)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

OT\u00c1ZKA: Jak <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":348097,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/09\/ram-vzp.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/348096"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=348096"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/348096\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":348099,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/348096\/revisions\/348099"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/348097"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=348096"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=348096"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=348096"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}